2018年12月四级真题第一套附答案及听力材料

2018

年

12

月

四

级

真题（第一 套）答案附后面

Part I Writing

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to

write a short essay on the

challenges of living in a big city

. You should write at least 120 words but no more

than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions:

In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news

report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions

will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best

answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1.

A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.

B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.

C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.

D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.

2.

A) It is stable.

B) It is durable.

C) It is inexpensive.

D) It is sophisticated.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3.

A) It lasted more than six hours

B) No injuries were yet reported.

C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.

D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.

4.

A) Recruit and train more firefighters.

B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.

C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.

D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5.

A) Shrinking potato farming.

B) Heavy reliance on import.

C) Widespread plant disease.

D) Insufficient potato supply.

6.

A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.

B) It wants to expand its own farming.

C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.

D) It is worried about unfair competition.

7.

A) Global warming.

B) Ever- rising prices.

C) Government regulation.

D) Diminishing investment.

Section B

Directions:

In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each

conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions

will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best

answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8.

A) Informative

B) Inspiring.

C) Dull.

D) Shallow.

9.

A) She types on a keyboard.

B) She does recording.

C) She takes photos.

D) She takes notes.

10.

A) It keeps her mind active.

B) It makes her stay awake.

C) It enables her to think hard.

D) It helps her kill time.

11.

A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.

B) It helps her better remember what she learns.

C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.

D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12.

A) To spend her honeymoon.

B) To try authentic Indian food.

C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.

D) To trace the origin of a love story.

13.

A) In memory of a princess.

B) In honor of a great emperor.

C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.

D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.

14.

A) It looks older than expected.

B) It is built of wood and bricks.

C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.

D) It has walls decorated with jewels.

15.

A) Their streets are narrow.

B) They are mostly crowded.

C) Each one has a unique character.

D) Life can be tedious in some places.

Section C

Directions:

In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage,

you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be

spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from

the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.

A) They help spread the latest technology.

B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure l

ife.

C) They provide residents with the resources needed.

D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.

17.

A) By helping them find jobs.

B) By inspiring their creativity.

C) By keeping them off the streets.

D) By providing a place of relaxation.

18.

A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.

B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.

C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.

D) Their number increased modestly.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19.

A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.

B) It is the largest cat in Africa.

C) It is an unusual cross breed.

D) It is a large-sized wild cat.

20.

A) They are as loyal as dogs.

B) They have unusually long tails.

C) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.

D) They know how to please their owners.

21.

A) They shake their front paws.

B) They teach them to dive.

C) They shower with them.

D) They shout at them.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22.

A) Anxious and depressed.

B) Contented and relieved.

C) Excited but somewhat sad.

D) Proud but a bit nervous.

23.

A) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.

B) It is gaining increasing public attention.

C) It depends on their parents for success.

D) It starts the moment they are born.

24.

A) Set a good example for them to follow.

B) Read books and magazines to them.

C) Help them to learn by themselves.

D) Choose the right school for them.

25.

A) Their intelligence.

B) Their home life.

C) The effort they put in learning.

D) The quality of their school.

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to

select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following

the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for

each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use

any of the words in the bank more than once.

Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global

economy more than $$5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most

serious

26

occurring in the developing world.

The figures include a number of costs

27

with air pollution. Lost income

alone amounts to $$225 billion a year.

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution,

which includes

28

like home heating and cooking, has remained

29

over

the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor

pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and

transportation.

Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray

30

it

as an “urgent call to action”. “

One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the

air we breathe, over which individuals have little

31

,” he said.

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in

some places lost-labor income

32

nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people

in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they

33

experience

dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

But the problem is not limited

34

to the developing world. Thousands die

prematurely in the U. S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European

countries, where diesel (

柴油

)

35

have become more common in recent

years, that number reaches tens of thousands.

A)

ability

C)

consciously

D)

constant

E)

control

F)

damage

G)

described

H)

equals

B)

associated

J)

innovated

K)

regularly

L)

relates

M)

sources

I)

exclusively

N)

undermine

O)

vehicles

Section B

Directions:

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements

attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.

Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a

paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the

questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Food-as- Medicine Movement

Is Witnessing Progress

A) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in

Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about

food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle

with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid

anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the

morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and

fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare; you can take

the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of

the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health

alliance. The center’s “Shop with Your Doc” program sends doctors to the grocery

store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers

who happen to be around with questions.

C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (

通心粉

) -and-

cheese boxes in Scott’s

shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So

I’d have to make it?” she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how

long that

might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t

eat it.”

D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes

rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,”

Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant

-based food. I think we

should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to

make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The

food- as-

medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress

as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather

than relying solely on medications (

药物

). By prescribing nutritional changes or

launching programs such as “Shop with Your Doc”, they are trying to prevent, limit or

even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can

take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure,

even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

F) In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of St. Joseph Hoag

Health, medical Institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical

switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That

feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San

Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand

on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer

patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive

training in how to cook it. “We really want to link fo

od and medicine, and not just

give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy

Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to

prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

G) In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering

specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine

–

that is a formal

specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the

power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is

always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary

changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear

picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet

contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease.

According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease

and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and

low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

H) “It’s a different paradigm (

范式

) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea,

who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda

University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train

doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional

habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and

kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but

also how to prepare them at home.

I) Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat

things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.

So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she

says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the

health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be

medicine or

poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you

can change to reverse the effects of long-

term disease.”

J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation (

炎症

),

for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle

medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet

–

particularly for people with

diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

K) “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural s

hift, but that can

happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then

stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can

have a bigger voice in it.”

36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food

stores.

38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from

various illnesses.

39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but

teaches patients how to cook it.

42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of

time.

43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway

these days.

45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way the

y eat.

Section C

Directions:

There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked

A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas

even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The

problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New

research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their

drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but

due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (

抽取

).

The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (

地下蓄水层

) below this depth and

found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction,

but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this

depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means

that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of

pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface.

As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the

earth above.

Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than

desalinating (

脱盐

) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination