[全]2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(汇总共三套)--第一套

2013

年

12< /p>

月大学英语

四级考试

真题（一）

Part

Ⅰ

Writing (30 minutes)

Directions

；

For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

a

short

essay

based

on

the

picture

below.

You should start your essay with a brief account of

the

impact

of the

Internet on learning and

then explain

why education doesn

’

t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least IW words hut

no more than 180 words.

’

t that all the education I really need?

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Part

Ⅱ

Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions

：

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

H

short

conversations

and

2

long

conversations.

At

the

end

of each conversation, one or more questions will he asked about what ms said. Both the conversation and

the questions^^11 be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, You

must

read

the

choices

marked

A),B),

C)

and

D),

and

decide

which

is

the

best

answer.

Then

mark

the

corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

1. A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten.

B) The man will soon start a business of his own.

C) The man would like to be a high school teacher.

D) The woman is going to major in child education.

2. A) The furniture has to be rearranged.

B) The sound equipment has to be set up.

C) The conference room has to be cleaned.

D) The video machine has to be checked.

3. A) She is exhausted. C) She cannot finish work in time.

B) She is near- sighted. D) She cannot go straight home.

4. A) The woman is too particular about food.

B) He would rather have a meal an hour later.

C) The woman should order her food quickly.

D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.

5. A) He is not a good mechanic.

B) He doesn

’

t keep his promises.

C) He spends his spare time doing repairs.

D) He is always ready to offer help to others.

6. A) Sam has a big family to support.

B) Sam is not interested in traveling.

C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low.

D) The work hours in the travel agency are too long.

7. A) International trade.

B) Product development.

C) Financial consulting.

D) Domestic retailing.

8. A) Go on a business trip.

B) Look for a job in Miami.

C) Make a ticket reservation.

D) Take a vacation

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A) It is located on Route 18. C) It is a beautiful little town.

B) It has an interesting museum. D) It lies seven miles east of Newton.

10. A) They are in opposite directions. C) They are quite close to each other.

B) They are fifty- five miles apart. D) They are a long drive from Norwalk.

11. A) They are connected by Route 7. C) They have lots of old houses.

B) They are crowded with tourists. D) They have many rare plants.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.

B) Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.

C) Fetch the documents signed by Mr. Gartner.

D) Accompany Mr. Gartner to the Linate airport

13. A) About 8:30. C) About 5:30.

B) About 6:30. D) About 4:15.

14. A) Mr. Gartner from Milan. C) The company's sales representative

B) Gianni Riva at Megastar D) Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce

15. A) Travel agent. C) Secretary.

B) Business manager. D) Saleswoman

Section B

Directions

；

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

3

short

passages.

At

the

end

of

each

passage,

you

will

hear

some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,

you

must

choose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A

),

B),

C)

and

D).

Then

mark

the

corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡< /p>

1

上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) She had a desire to help others. C) She needed some overseas experience.

B) She wanted to find out more about it. D) She was interested in farming.

17. A) Carry out a cultural exchange program. C) Learn Portuguese.

B) Work on an agricultural project. D) Teach English.

18. A) She found it difficult to secure a job in her own country.

B) She wanted to renew her contact with the Peace Corps.

C) She was invited to work as an English teacher.

D) She could not get the country out of her mind.

19. A) By teaching additional English classes.

B) By writing stories for American newspapers.

C) By working part time for the Peace Corps.

D) By doing odd jobs for local institutions.

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20. A) Time spent exercising. C) Time spent on leisure activities.

B) Time spent working. D) Time spent with friends and family.

21. A) Reading. C) Eating out.

B) Surfing the Web. D) Watching TV.

22. A) Driving. C) Going to the pub.

B) Gardening. D) Visiting friends.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A) The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.

B) The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.

C) McLaughlin was talking to his manager while driving.

D) McLaughlin

’

s carelessness resulted in the collision.

24. A) He crashed into a car parked there. C) He tore down the company's main gate.

B) He knocked down several mailboxes. D) He did serious damage to a loaded truck.

25. A) He will lose his job. C) He will be fined heavily.

B) He will have to pay damages. D) He will receive retraining.

Section C

Directions

：

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

a

passage

three

times.

When

the

passage

is

read

for

the

first

time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time

，

you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage

is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在 答题卡

1

上作答。

When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate

26

, they replied,

is

right.

If

we

ask

Americans

why

they

eat

with

knives

and

forks,

or

why

their

men

wear

pants

27

skirts,

or

why

they

may

be

married

to

only

one

person

at

a

time,

we

are

likely

to

get

28

and

very

uninformative

answers:

Because

it

’

s

r ight.

that

’

s

the

way

it

’

s

d one.

it

’

s

the

29

Or

even

don't

know.

The

reason

for

these

and

countless

other

patterns

of

social

behavior

is

that

they

are

30

by

social

norms-shared

rules

or

guidelines

which

prescribe

the

behavior

that

is

appropriate

in

a

given

situation.

Norms

31

how

people

to

behave

under

particular

circumstances

in

a

particular

society.

We

conform

(

遵守）

to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they

32

In fact, we are much more likely to

notice

33

from norms than conformity to them. You would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake

hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little

34

if they bowed, started to stroke you,

or kissed you on both

35

Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of

the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things

we do this way, they do that way.

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions

：

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word

for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through

carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter, Please mark the

corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not

use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate's or four-year

bachelor

’

s degree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36 , a growing number of schools and hospitals

are

establishing

programs

that

enable

college

graduates

with

no

nursing

37

to

become

registered

nurses with only a year or so of 38 training.

In 1991. there were only 40 fast-track curricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is Columbia

University's

Entry

to

Practice

program.

Students

earn

their

bachelor

of

science

in

nursing

in

a

year.

Those

who stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master

’

s degree that 40 them as nurse practitioners (

执业护

士）

or clinical nurse specialists.

Many

students

are

recent

41

;

others

are

career

switchers.

Rudy

Guardron,

32,

a

2004

graduate

of

Columbia

’

s

program,

was

a

premedical

student

in

college

and

then

worked

for

a

pharmaceutical

(

药物的）

research

company.

At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner.

really good opportunity,

”

The

fast-track

trend

fills

a

need,

but

it

’

s

also

creating

some

44

between

newcomers

and

veterans.

that are still at the bedside 45 these kids with suspicion,

at Yale University for 18 years.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

A

）

additional F

）

explores K

）

specialized B

）

applied G

）

graduates

L

）

tension C

）

demand H

）

operations M

）

trained D

）

excessive

I

）

promote N

）

view E

）

experience J

）

qualifies O

）

worsens

Section B

Directions

：

In

this

section,

you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

it.

Each

statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the

information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.

Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.

The rise of the sharing economy

Last

night

40

000

people

rented

accommodation

from

a

service

that

offers

250

000

rooms

in

30

000

cities

in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by

private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based

in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it

—

-2.5 million of them

in 2012

alone. It is the most prominent

example

of a huge new

economy

in

which people rent beds,

cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinate via the internet.

A)

You

might

think

this

is

no

different

from

running

a

bed-and-breakfast

(

家庭旅店

),owning

a

timeshare

(

分时度假房）

or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing

assets cheaper and easier than ever

—

and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big change is the

availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be divided and consumed

as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else

was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and

SnapGoods

match up owners and

renters

；

smartphones with

GPS

let people see where the

nearest

rentable car

is parked; social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust; and online payment systems

handle the billing.

What's mine is yours, for a fee

B) Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let

individuals act as an ad hoc (

临时的）

taxi service, car-hire firm

or boutique

hotel (

精品酒店〉

as and when

it suits them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items that are expensive to buy and

are

widely

owned

by

people

who

do

not

make

full

use

of

them.

Bedrooms

and

cars

are

the

most

obvious

examples,

but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and washing machines in France. As

advocates of the sharing economy like to put it, access trumps

（胜过）

ownership.

C) Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market

alone is worth $$ 26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to-peer lending or

putting

a

solar

panel

on

your

roof

and

selling

power

back

to

the

grid

(

电网）

.And

it

is

not

just

individuals;

the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle machines, too. But the core of

the sharing economy is people renting things from each other.

D) Such

合作的）

consu mption

from underused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average

of 58 nights a year, making $$ 9 300. Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make

an average of $$ 250 a month

；

some make more than $$ 1 000. Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would

if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm.

And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means

fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them.

E) For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm. Curmudgeons

(

低脾气的人）

who

imagine

that

every

renter

is

a

murderer

can

still

stay

at

conventional

hotels.

For

others,

the web fosters trust. As well as the background checks carried out by platform owners, online reviews and

ratings are usually posted by both parties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers,

bathrobe- thieves

and

surfboard- wreckers.

By

using

Facebook

and

other

social

networks,

participants

can

check

each other out and identify friends (or friends of friends) in common. An Airbnb user had her apartment

trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.

Peering into the future

F)

The

shying

economy

is

a

little

like

online

shopping,

which

started

in

America

15

years

ago.

At

first,

people

were

worried

about

security.

But

having

made

a

successful

purchase

from,

say,

Amazon,

they

felt

safe

buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to

try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now

dominated

by professional

“

power sellers

whom started

out

as ordinary eBay users).

The same may

happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have

bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.

G)

Existing

rental

businesses

are

getting

involved

too.

Avis,

a

car-hire

firm,

has

a

share

in

a

sharing

rival.

So

do

GM

and

Daimler,

two

carmakers,

in

future,

companies

may

develop

hybrid

（混合的）

models,

listing

excess capacity (whether vehicles

，

equipment or office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past,

new

ways

of

doing

things

online

have

not

displaced

the

old

ways

entirely.

But

they

have

often

changed

them.

Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport,

tourism, equipment-hire and more.

H)

The

main

worry

is

regulatory

uncertainty.

Will

room-renters

be

subject

to

hotel

taxes,

for

example?

In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track

down

unlicensed hotels.

In some American cities,

peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that

although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, existing rental businesses will try

to

destroy

competition.

People

who

rent

out

rooms

should

pay

tax,

of

course,

but

they

should

not

be

regulated

like

a

Ritz-Carlton

hotel.

The

lighter

rules

that

typically

govern

bed-and-

breakfasts

are

more

than

adequate.

I)

The

sharing

economy

is

the

latest

example

of

the

internet's

value

to

consumers.

This

emerging

model

is now big and disruptive (

颠覆性的）

enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is

a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

46. Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.

47. Airbnb's success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.

48. The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government regulates it.

49. The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.

50. The sharing economy has a promising future.

51. Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation, travel, rentals, etc.

52. Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.

53. The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.

54. One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use of.

55. Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.

Section C

Directions

：

There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

Sheet

2

with

a

single

line

through

the

centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

In recent years, a growing body

of

research has

shown that our

appetite

and food intake are influenced

by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and

our perception of the food in front of us.

Studies

have

shown,

for

instance,

that

eating

in

front

of

the

TV

(or

a

similar

distraction)

can

increase

both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have

been shown to affect portion size and consumption.

A new study suggested

that our short-term memory also may play a

role in

appetite. Several hours

after

a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they

’

d eaten but rather by how much food

they'd seen in front of them

—

in other words, how much they remembered eating.

This

disparity

(

盖弃）

suggests

the

memory

of

our

previous

meal

may

have

a

bigger

influence

on

our

appetite

than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the

University of Bristol.

an independent role for memory for that meal

，

hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.

These

findings

echo

earlier

research

that

suggests

our

perception

of

food

can

sometimes

trick

our

body

’

s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (

卡

路里）

milkshake

on

two

separate

occasions

produced

different

levels

of

hunger-related

hormones

（荷尔蒙），

depending on whether the shake

’

s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants

reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.

What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into

eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and

multitasking while eating.

The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite,

Brunstrom says.

注意 ：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?

A) How we perceive the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals.

B) What ingredients the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals.

57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?

A) You would probably be more picky about food.

B) You would not feel like eating the same food.

C) You would have a good appetite.

D) You would not feel so hungry.

58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?

A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.

B) Food labels may influence our body

’

s response to food.

C) Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.

D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.

59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?

A) Trick ourselves into eating less. C) Concentrate on food while eating.

B) Choose food with fewer calories. D) Pick dishes of the right size.

60. What is the main idea of the passage?

A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.

B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.

C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.

D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources

can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and colleges can prepare

individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.

High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many

other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go

on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have

the highest college dropout rate in the world.

We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as

the

development

of

a

work

ethic

(

勤奋工作的美德）

and

the

intellectual

skills

needed

for

continued

learning

and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011

Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where

professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even

exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning.

Learning

to

express

ideas

well

in

both

writing

and

speech,

knowing

how

to

find

information,

and

knowing

how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such training is more

important

than

any

particular

major

in

a

liberal

arts

college.

We

need

to

continue

to

value

broad

preparation

in thinking skills ihat will serve for a lifetime.

Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The lengthening

path

to

adulthood

appears

exacerbated

(

惡化）

by

parental

involvement

in

the

college

years.

Given

the

rising

investment

in

college

education,

parental

concern

is

not

surprising,

but

learning

where

and

when

to

intervene

(

干预）

will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.

注 意：此部分试越请在答题卡

2

上作答。

61. What kind of education does the author think is ideal?

A) It benefits the great majority of the general population.

B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.

C) It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.

D) It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.

62. What does the author say is the problem with present high school education?

A) Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college.

B) Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.

C) Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning.

D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.

63. What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage?

A) People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.

B) Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.

C) New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.

D) Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.

64. What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on?

A) Solid background knowledge in a particular field.

B) Practical skills urgently needed in current society.

C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.

D) Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.

65. What suggestion docs the author offer to parents?

A) Rethinking the value of higher education.

B) Investing wisely in their children's education.

C) Helping their children lo bring their talent into full play.

D) Avoiding too much intervention in their children

’

s education.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions

：

For

this

part

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

translate

a

passage

from

Chinese

into

English.

You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

许多人喜欢中餐。 在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。

任技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。

但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，

< br>总是要考虎到颜色、

味

道、< /p>

口感和营养

（

nutrition

）

。

由于食物对健康至关重要，

,

好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬莱之间取得平衡

,

所以中餐既味美又健康。

Part1 Writing

2013

年

12

月 大学英语

四级考试

真题答案详解

The Impact of the Internet on Learning

第

1

段：引 入活题，说明网络影响了

人们对学习的认识

Has exerted great influence on

（

obtaining information

）

第

2

段：解释为什么教育不能和获取信息简单地等同起来

Critical thinking practical skills

第

3

段：总结观点，说明网络有利于学 习，但性格和能力的培养对教育也很重要

Valuable, be fully aware of cultivating their character

范文点评：

The Impact of the Internet on Learning

【

1

】

The Internet has exerted great influence on learning, so

that

an

increasing

number

of

individuals

value

it

as

a

truth

that

obtaining

information

is

equal

to

education.

However,

【

2

】

as the picture warns us, education involves more than simply learning to obtain information.

From my perspective,

【

3

】

education also includes critical thinking and practical skills rather than

a mere accumulation of information and knowledge.

【

4

】

For one thing, critical thinking is essential to

scientific progress, contributing to innovation and technical advances, just as Confucius warned us,

“

Learning without thinking leads to confusion.

”【

5

】

For another, it is crucial to apply what you have

learned to practice and that's the very reason why exceptional scientists accomplish great achievements

in their fields.

【

6

】

In

a

word,

the

internet

does

provide

valuable

information

for

learners,

but

people

should

be

fully

aware

of

the

essence

of

education

and

attach

importance

to

cultivating

their

character

and

developing

their

ability

instead

of

just

giving

priority

to

dependence

on

the

Internet.

【

7

】

thus,

only

by

emphasizing

innovation

can education be completely fulfilled in practice.

【

1

】引 入话题

,

说明网络影响了人们对

学习的认识。

【

2

】说明图片隐含的意义。

【< /p>

3

】解释学习过程中涉及的重要因素：

评判思维和应用能力。

【