-
2016
年
12
月
四
级
真题（第一
套）
Part I
Writing
Directions:
For this part,
you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.
Suppose you have two
options upon
graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the
other to start a business of
your own.
You are to make a decision. Write an essay to
explain the reasons for your decision.
You should write at least 120 words but
no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening
Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear three news reports. At the end of
each news
report, you will hear two or
three questions. Both the news report and the
questions
will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the
best
answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news
report you have just heard.
1.
A) It was dangerous to
live in.
B) It was going to be
renovated.
C) He could no longer pay
the rent.
D) He had sold it to the
royal family.
2.
A) A
strike.
B) A storm.
C) A
forest fire.
D) A terrorist attack.
Questions 3 and 4 are based
on the news report you have just heard.
3.
A) They lost contact
with the emergency department.
B) They
were trapped in an underground elevator.
C) They were injured by suddenly
falling rocks.
D) They sent calls for
help via a portable radio.
4.
A) They tried hard to repair the
elevator.
B) They released the details
of the accident.
C) They sent supplies
to keep the miners warm.
D) They
provided the miners with food and water.
Questions 5 to 7 are based
on the news report you have just heard.
5.
A) Raise postage rates.
B) Improve its services.
C)
Redesign delivery routes.
D) Close some
of its post offices.
6.
A)
Shortening business hours.
B) Closing
offices on holidays.
C) Stopping mail
delivery on Saturdays.
D) Computerizing
mail sorting processes.
7.
A) Many post office staff will lose
their jobs.
B) Many people will begin
to complain.
C) Taxpayers will be very
pleased.
D) A lot of controversy will
arise.
Section B
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear two long conversations. At the end
of each
conversation, you will hear
four questions. Both the conversation and the
questions
will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the
best
answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
8.
A) He will be kept from
promotion.
B) He will go through
retraining.
C) He will be given a
warning.
D) He will lose part of his
pay.
9.
A) He is always on
time.
B) He is a trustworthy guy.
C) He is an experienced press operator.
D) He is on good terms with his
workmates.
10.
A) She is a
trade union representative.
B) She is
in charge of public relations.
C) She
is a senior manager of the shop.
D) She
is better at handling such matters.
11.
A) He is skilled and experienced.
B) He is very close to the manager.
C) He is always trying to stir up
trouble.
D) He is always complaining
about low wages.
Questions
12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have
just heard.
12.
A) Open.
B)
Friendly.
C)
Selfish.
D) Reserved.
13.
A) They stay quiet.
B) They
read a book.
C) They talk about the
weather.
D) They chat with fellow
passengers.
14.
A) She was
always treated as a foreigner.
B) She
was eager to visit an English castle.
C) She was never invited to a
colleague's home.
D) She was unwilling
to make friends with workmates.
15.
A) Houses are much more quiet.
B) Houses provide more privacy.
C) They want to have more space.
D) They want a garden of their own.
Section C
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear three passages. At the end of each
passage,
you will hear three or four
questions. Both the passage and the questions will
be
spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18
are based on the passage you have just
heard.
16.
A)
They don't have much choice of jobs.
B)
They are likely to get much higher pay.
C) They don't have to go through job
interviews.
D) They will automatically
be given hiring priority.
17.
A) Ask their professors for help.
B) Look at school bulletin boards.
C) Visit the school careers service.
D) Go through campus newspapers.
18.
A) Helping students
find the books and journals they need.
B) Supervising study spaces to ensure a
quiet atmosphere.
C) Helping students
arrange appointments with librarians.
D) Providing students with information
about the library.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
19.
A) It tastes better.
B) It is easier to grow.
C)
It may be sold at a higher price.
D) It
can better survive extreme weathers.
20.
A) It is healthier than
green tea.
B) It can grow in drier
soil.
C) It will replace green tea one
day.
D) It is immune to various
diseases.
21.
A) It has
been well received by many tea drinkers.
B) It does not bring the promised
health benefits.
C) It has made tea
farmers' life easier.
D) It does not
have a stable market.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
22.
A) They need
decorations to show their status.
B)
They prefer unique objects of high quality.
C) They decorate their homes
themselves.
D) They care more about
environment.
23.
A) They
were proud of their creations.
B) They
could only try to create at night.
C)
They made great contributions to society.
D) They focused on the quality of their
products.
24.
A) Make wise
choices.
B) Identify fake crafts.
C) Design handicrafts themselves.
D) Learn the importance of creation.
25.
A) To boost the local
economy.
B) To attract foreign
investments.
C) To arouse public
interest in crafts.
D) To preserve the
traditional culture.
Part
III Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
In this section,
there is a passage with ten blanks. You are
required to
select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank
following
the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a
letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for
each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre. You may not use
any of the words in the bank more than
once.
When someone commits a criminal
act, we always hope the punishment will
match the offense. But when it comes to
one of the cruelest crimes
–
animal fighting
–
things
26
work out that way.
Dog-fighting victims are
27
and killed for profit
and
28
sentence
for causing a
lifetime of pain. Roughly
half of all federally-convicted animal fighters
only get
probation
(
缓刑
).
Some
progress has been made in the prosecution
(
起诉
) of animal fighters. But
federal judges often rely heavily on
the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when
they
29
penalties, and in the case of animal
fighting, those guidelines are outdated
and extremely
30
.
The U.S. Sentencing
Commission, which
31
these sentencing guidelines, is
revisiting them, proposing to raise the
minimum sentence from 6
–
12
to 21
–
27
months.
This is a step in the right
32
, but we'd like to see the U.S.
Sentencing
Commission make further
changes to the guidelines.
Along with
this effort, we're working with animal advocates
and state and
federal lawmakers
to
33
anti-
cruelty laws across the country, as well as
supporting laws and policies that
assist overburdened animal
34
that care for
animal
fighting victims. This help is
35
important because the high cost of
caring
for animal victims is a major
factor that prevents people from getting involved
in
cruelty cases in the first place.
A)
convenient
B)
creates
I)
method
J)
minimal
K)
rarely
C)
critically
D)
determine
L)
shelters
F)
hesitate
E)
direction
G)
inadequate
H)
inspired
M)
strengthen
N)
sufferings
O)
tortured
Section
B
Directions:
In
this section, you are going to read a passage with
ten statements
attached to it. Each
statement contains information given in one of the
paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
When Work
Becomes a Game
A) What
motivates employees to do their jobs well?
Competition with coworkers, for
some.
The promise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment
of problem-solving, for a
lucky few.
B) Increasingly, companies are tapping
into these desires directly through what has
come to be known as “gamification”:
essentially, turning work into a game.
“Gamification is about understanding
what it is that makes games engaging
and
what game designers do to create a
great experience in games, and taking those
learnings and applying them to other
contexts such as the workplace and
education,” explains Kevin Werbach, a
gamification expert who teaches at the
Wharton School of Business at the
University of Pennsylvania in the United States.
C) It might mean monitoring employee
productivity on a digital leaderboard and
offering prizes to the winners, or
giving employees digital badges or stars for
completing certain activities. It could
also mean training employees how to do their
jobs through video game platforms.
Companies from Google to L'Oréal to IBM to
Wells Fargo are known to use some
degree of gamification in their workplaces. And
more and more companies are joining
them. A recent report suggests that the global
gamification market will grow from
$$1.65 billion in 2015 to $$11.1 billion by 2020.
D) The concept of gamification is not
entirely new, Werbach says. Companies,
marketers and teachers have long looked
for fun ways to engage people's
reward-
seeking or
competitive spirits. Cracker Jacks has been
“gamifying” its snack
food by putting a
small prize inside for more than 100 years, he
adds, and the
turn-of-the-century steel
magnate (
巨头
) Charles Schwab
is said to have often come
into his
factory and written the number of tons of steel
produced on the past shift
on the
factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of
workers to beat the previous
one.
E) But the word “gamification” and the
widespread, conscious application of the
concept only began in earnest about
five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to
video games, the generation now
entering the workforce is especially open to the
idea of having their work gamified. “We
are at a point where in much of the
developed world the vast majority of
young people grew up playing video games,
and an increasingly high percentage of
adults play these video games too,” Werbach
says.
F) A number of
companies have sprung up
–
GamEffective, Bunchball and Badgeville,
to name a few
–
in recent years offering gamification platforms
for businesses. The
platforms that are
most effective turn employees' ordinary job tasks
into part of a
rich adventure
narrative. “What makes a game game
-like
is that the player actually
cares about
the outcome,” Werbach says. “The principle is
about understanding
what is motivating
to this group of players, which requires some
understanding of
psychology.”
G)
Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by
competition. Sales people often
fall
into this category. For them, the right kind of
gamification might be turning their
sales pitches into a competition with
other team members, complete with a digital
leaderboard showing who is winning at
all times. Others are more motivated by
collaboration and social experiences.
One company Werbach has studied uses
gamification to create a sense of
community and boost employees’ morale
(
士气
).
When
employees log in to their computers, they're shown
a picture of one of their
coworkers and
asked to guess that person's name.
H)
Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica
Cornetti runs a company that
gamifies
employee trainings. Sometimes this involves
technology, but often it does
not. She
recently designed a gamification strategy for a
sales training company with
a storm-
chasing the
me. Employees formed “storm
chaser teams” and competed in
storm-
themed educational
exercises to earn various rewards. “Rewards do not
have
to be stuff,” Cornetti says.
“Rewards can be flexible working hours.” Another
training,
this one for pay roll law,
us
ed a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
theme. “Snow
White” is available for
everyone to use, but the “dwarfs” are still under
copyright, so
Cornetti invented sound-
alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to
illustrate
specific pay roll law
principles.
I) Some people do not take
naturally to gamified work environments, Cornetti
says.
In her experience, people in
positions of power or people in finance or
engineering
do not tend to like the
sound of the word. “If we are designing for
engineers, I'm not
talking
about a ‘game’ at all,” Cornetti says.
“I'm talking about a ‘simulation’
(
模拟
),
I'm talking
about ‘being able to solve this
problem.’”
J) Gamification
is “not a magic bullet,” Werbach warns. A
gamification strategy that
is not
sufficiently thought through or well tailored to
its players may engage people
for a
little while, but it will not motivate people in
the long term. It can also be
exploitative, especially when used with
vulnerable populations. For workers,
especially low-paid workers, who
desperately need their jobs yet know they can be
easily replaced, gamification may feel
more like the Hunger Games. Werbach gives
the example of several Disneyland
hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large
digital leaderboards to display how
efficiently laundry workers were working
compared to one another. Some employees
found the board motivating. To others,
it was the opposite of fun. Some began
to stop taking bathroom breaks, worried that
if their productivity fell they would
be fired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep
up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one
employee referred to the board as a “digital
whip.” “It actually had a very negative
effect on morale and performance,” Werbach
says.
K) Still, gamification
only stands to become more popular, he says,
“as more and
more people
come into the workforce who are familiar with the
structures and
expressions of digital
games.” “We are far from reaching the peak,”
Cornetti agrees.
“There is no reason
this will go away.”
36. Some famous companies are already
using gamification and more are trying to
do the same.
37.
Gamification is not a miracle cure for all
workplaces as it may have negative
results.
38. To enhance
morale, one company asks its employees to identify
their fellow
workers when starting
their computers.
39. The idea of
gamification was practiced by some businesses more
than a century
ago.
40.
There is reason to believe that gamification will
be here to stay.
41. Video games
contributed in some ways to the wide application
of gamification.
42. When turning work
into a game, it is necessary to understand what
makes games
interesting.
43.
Gamification in employee training does not always
need technology.
44. The most
successful gamification platforms transform daily
work assignments
into fun experiences.
45. It is necessary to use terms other
than “gamification” for some
professions.
Section C
Directions:
There are 2
passages in this section. Each passage is followed
by some
questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked
A), B), C) and D). You
should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the
following passage.
Recently
I attended several meetings where we talked about
ways to retain students
and keep
younger faculty members from going elsewhere.
It seems higher education has become an
industry of meeting-holders whose task it
is to “solve” problems –
real or imagined. And in my position as a
professor at three
different colleges,
the actual problems in educating our young people
and older
students have deepened, while
the number of people hired
–
not to teach but to
hold meetings
–
has increased
significantly. Every new problem creates a new job
for
an administrative fixer. Take our
Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its
title,
the center is a clearing house
(
信息交流中心
) for using
technology in classrooms
and in online
courses. It's an administrative sham
(
欺诈
) of the kind that has
multiplied over the last 30 years.
I offer a simple proposition in
response: Many of our problems
–
class attendance,
educational success, student happiness
and well-being
–
might be
improved by
cutting down the
bureaucratic (
官僚的
)
mechanisms and meetings and instead
hiring an army of good teachers. If we
replaced half of our administrative staff with
classroom teachers, we might actually
get a majority of our classes back to 20 or
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