-
中国传统节日
（中英文对照简介）
目
录
The Spring
Festival
（春节）
Lantern
Festival
（元宵节）
Qingming
Festival
（清明节）
Dragon Boat
Festival
（端午节）
Double Seventh
Festival
（七夕）
Mid-
Autumn Festival
（中秋节）
Double Ninth
Festival
（重阳节）
Winter Solstice
Festival
（冬至）
1
The Spring
Festival
（春节）
The
first day of
the
first
lunar
month
is
the New
Year
in the Chinese
lunar
calendar.
Among
the
traditional
Chinese
festivals,
this
is
the
most
important
and
the
most
bustling. Since
it occurs at
the end of
winter and the beginning of spring, people also
call it the Spring Festival.
Chinese have
many
traditional customs relating
to the
Spring Festival. Since the 23rd
day of
the 12th
lunar
montha, people start
to
prepare
for the event. Every
family
will
undertake
thorough cleaning,
do
their Spring Festival shopping,
create paper-cuts
for
window
decoration, put up New Y
ear picturesb,
write Spring Festival coupletsc, make
New
Y
ear
cakesd,
and
also
prepare
all
kinds
of
food
to
bid
farewell
to
the
old
and
usher in the new.
New
Y
ear's Eve
is the time
for a
happy reunion of all
family
members,
when they sit
around
the
table
to
have
a
sumptuous
New
Y
ear's
Eve
dinner,
talking
and
laughing,
until
daybreak,
which
is
called
up
to
see
the
year
out
When
the
bell
tolls
midnight
on
New
Y
ear's
Eve,
people
eat
dumplings.
In
ancient
times,
midnight
was
called
zishi (a period of
the day
from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m.).
Dumplings (jiaozi) are eaten
because it
sounds the same as
From
the
first
day
of
the
lunar
year,
people
pay
New
Y
ear
calls
on
relatives
and
friends, which is an important custom
for the Spring Festival.
Setting
off
firecrackers
is
the
favorite
activity
of
children
in
the
Spring
Festival.
According
to
legend,
this
could
drive
off
evil
spirits.
The
continuous
sound
of
firecrackers
can
be
heard
everywhere,
adding
to
the
atmosphere
of
rejoicing
and
festivity
.
Many
places
hold
temple
fairs.
The
wonderful
dragon
lantern
dance
and
the
lion
dance
performances,
along
with
various
handicraft
articles
and
local
snacks
attract
thousands of people.
With
the development of
the times, some changes
have
taken place
in
the customs
of
spending the Spring Festival. For
example,
to prevent environmental
pollution,
many
cities
have
banned
firecrackers.
But
this
does
not
have
an
impact
on
the
happy
atmosphere of the
festival.
On New
Y
ear's Eve,
family
members
get
together to
have
dinner while watching
TV programs.
2
For
Chinese
at
home
and
abroad,
the
Spring
Festival
is
always
the
most
important festival.
农历的正
(zheng)
月初一，
是中国的农历新年。
在中国的传统节日中，
这是一
个最重要、
最热闹的节日。
因为过农历新年的时
候，
正是冬末春初，
所以人们也
把这个
节日叫
“
春节
”
。
中国人过春节有很多传统习俗。从腊月二十三起，人们就
开始准备过年了。
在这段时间里，
家家户户要大扫除，
买年货，
贴窗花，
挂年画，
写春联，
蒸年糕，
做好各种食品，准备辞旧迎新。
春节的前夜叫
“
除夕
”
。除夕之夜，是家人团聚的时候。一家人围坐在一起，
吃一顿丰盛的年夜饭，说说笑笑，直到天亮，这叫守岁。除夕零点的钟声一响，
人们还要吃饺子。古时候叫零点为
“
子时
”
，除夕的子时正是新旧年交替的时候，
人们在这时
吃饺子，是取
“
更岁交子
”
的意思。这也是
“
饺子
”
名称的由来。
过了除夕就是大年初一
。从初一开始，人们要走亲戚、看朋友，互相拜年。
拜年，是春节的重要习俗。拜年时，
大家都要说一些祝愿幸福、健康的吉祥话。
放爆竹是春节期间
孩子们最喜欢的活动。
传说燃放爆竹可以驱妖除魔，
所以
每年从除夕之夜起，
到处就响起了接连不断的爆竹声。
阵阵烟花，
声声爆竹，
给
节日
增添了喜庆的气氛。
春节期间，
很多
地方还要举办庙会。
庙会上精彩的舞龙舞狮表演，
各式各样
的工艺品和地方小吃，吸引
?
千千万万欢度
佳节的人们。
随时代的发展，
过春节
的习俗也有了一些变化。
比如，
为防止环境污染，
很
多城市已禁止燃放烟花爆竹。
但这并不影响节日的
热闹气氛。
除夕之夜，
家家户
户仍然要
团聚在一起，
一边吃年夜饭，
一边看精彩的电视节目，
直到大年初一的
清晨。
在中国和世界各地华夏子孙的心中，春节永远是最重要的节日。
Lantern
Festival
（元宵节）
The
Lantern Festival
falls on the 15th day
of the 1st
lunar
month,
usually
in February
or
March
in
the
Gregorian
calendar.
As
early
as
the
Western
Han
Dynasty
(206
3
BC-AD 25), it
had become a festival with great significance.
This day's
important
activity
is
watching
lanterns. Throughout
the Han
Dynasty (206
BC-AD 220),
Buddhism flourished in China. One emperor heard
that Buddhist monks
would
watch
sarira,
or
remains
from
the
cremation
of
Buddha's
body
,
and
light
lanterns to
worship
Buddha on
the 15th day of
the 1st
lunar
month, so
he ordered to
light
lanterns
in
the
imperial
palace
and
temples
to
show
respect
to
Buddha
on
this
day
.
Later,
the
Buddhist
rite
developed
into
a
grand
festival
among
common
people
and its influence
expanded from the Central Plains to the whole of
China.
Till
today
,
the
lantern
festival
is
still
held
each
year
around
the
country
.
Lanterns
of
various shapes and sizes are hung
in the streets, attracting countless
visitors. Children
will hold self-made
or bought lanterns to stroll with on the streets,
extremely excited.
lantern
riddles
an
essential
part
of
the
Festival.
Lantern
owners
write
riddles on a piece of
paper and post them on the
lanterns. If
visitors have solutions to
the
riddles,
they
can
pull
the
paper
out
and
go
to
the
lantern
owners
to
check
their
answer.
If
they
are
right,
they
will
get
a
little
gift.
The
activity
emerged
during
people's enjoyment of
lanterns
in the Song Dynasty
(960-1279). As riddle
guessing
is
interesting and full of
wisdom, it has become popular among all social
strata.
People
will
eat
yuanxiao,
or
rice
dumplings,
on
this
day
,
so
it
is
also
called
the
has another
name,
tangyuan. It
is small dumpling
balls
made of
glutinous
rice
flour
with
rose
petals, sesame, bean paste, jujube paste,
walnut
meat, dried
fruit, sugar and edible oil as
filling. Tangyuan can be boiled,
fried
or
steamed.
It
tastes
sweet
and
delicious.
What's
more,
tangyuan
in
Chinese
has
a
similar
pronunciation
with
meaning
reunion.
So
people
eat
them
to
denote union, harmony and
happiness for the family.
In
the
daytime
of
the
Festival,
performances
such
as
a
dragon
lantern
dance,
a
lion
dance, a
land boat dance, a
yangge
dance,
walking on stilts and beating
drums
while
dancing will be
staged. On the
night, except
for
magnificent
lanterns,
fireworks
form
a beautiful scene. Most
families spare some fireworks from the Spring
Festival and let
them
off
in
the
Lantern
Festival.
Some
local
governments
will
even
organize
a
fireworks
party
.
On
the
night
when
the
first
full
moon
enters
the
New
Y
ear,
people
become really intoxicated by the
imposing fireworks and bright moon in the
sky
.
每年农历的正月十五日，春节刚过，迎来的就是中国
的传统节日
--
元宵节。
4
元宵主要的活动就是看灯。
东汉明帝
时期，
明帝提倡佛教，
听说佛教有正月
十五日僧人观佛舍利，
点灯敬佛的做法，
就命令这一天夜晚在皇
宫和寺庙里点灯
敬佛，
令士族庶民都挂灯。
以后这种佛教礼仪节日逐渐形成民间盛大的节日。
该
节经历
了由宫廷到民间，由中原到全国的发展过程。
直到今天，
元宵点灯的习俗仍然在中
国的各地流传的，
各式各样美丽的花灯
在这一天都会点亮，孩子
们提着自制的灯笼走街串巷，非常高兴。
猜灯谜也是元宵节的一项重要活动，
花灯的主人会将谜面写在灯笼上，
挂在
门口，
< br>如果有人可以猜中，
就能得到小小的礼物。
这项活动最早
起源于宋朝，
因
为谜语能启迪智慧又饶有兴趣，所以流传过程中
深受社会各阶层的欢迎。
民间过元宵节吃元宵的习俗。
元宵由糯米制成，
或实心，
或带馅。
馅有豆沙、
白糖、
山楂、各类果料等，食用时煮、煎、蒸、炸皆可。起初，人们把这种食物
叫
“
浮圆子
”
，
后来又叫
“
汤团
”
或
“
汤圆
”
，
这些名称
“
团圆
”
字音相近，
取团圆之意，
< br>象征全家人团团圆圆，和睦幸福，人们也以此怀念离别的亲人
,
< br>寄托了对未来生
活的美好愿望。
随着时间的推移，
元宵节的活动越来越多，
白天有耍龙灯、
耍狮子、
踩高跷、
划旱船扭秧歌、
打太平鼓等传统民
俗表演。
到了夜晚，
除了五颜六色的美花灯之
< br>外，
还有艳丽多姿的烟火。
大多数家庭会在春节时留下一
些烟花等到元宵节这天
燃放，
而一些地方政府也会举办烟花大会
，
当新年的第一个月圆之夜在盛大的烟
火表演中来临时，人们都
陶醉在这令人难忘了烟花与皎洁的明月中。
Qingming Festival
（清明节）
The
Qingming (Pure
Brightness) Festival
is one of
the 24 seasonal
division points
in
China,
falling
on
April
4-6 each
year.
After
the
festival, the
temperature
will
rise
up
and
rainfall
increases.
It
is
the
high
time
for
spring
plowing
and
sowing.
But
the
Qingming
Festival
is
not
only
a
seasonal
point
to
guide
farm
work,
it
is
more
a
festival
of commemoration.
The Qingming Festival
sees a combination of sadness and happiness.
This
is the
most
important day of sacrifice.
Both
the Han and
minority ethnic
groups
at
this
time
offer
sacrifices
to
their
ancestors
and
sweep
the
tombs
of
the
diseased.
Also, they will not cook on this day
and only cold food is served.
5
The
Hanshi
(Cold Food) Festival
was
usually one day before
the Qingming Festival.
As our ancestors
often extended the day to the Qingming, they were
later combined.
On
each
Qingming
Festival,
all
cemeteries
are
crowded
with
people
who
came
to
sweep
tombs
and
offer
sacrifices.
Traffic
on
the
way
to
the
cemeteries
becomes
extremely
jammed.
The
customs
have
been
greatly
simplified
today
.
After
slightly
sweeping
the
tombs,
people
offer
food,
flowers
and
favorites
of
the
dead,
then
burn
incense and paper money and bow before
the memorial tablet.
In contrast to
the sadness of the
tomb
sweepers, people also enjoy
hope of
Spring on
this day
.
The Qingming Festival
is
a time
when the sun
shines brightly
,
the trees and
grass
become
green
and
nature
is
again
lively
.
Since
ancient
times,
people
have
followed the custom of Spring outings.
At this time tourists are everywhere.
People
love
to
fly
kites
during
the
Qingming
Festival.
Kite
flying
is
actually
not
limited to the Qingming Festival. Its
uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not
during
the day
, but also at
night. A string of little lanterns tied onto the
kite or the thread look
like shining
stars, and therefore, are called
The
Qingming Festival
is also a time to
plant trees,
for the survival rate of
saplings
is
high
and
trees
grow
fast
later.
In
the
past,
the
Qingming
Festival
was
called
Day
But
since
1979,
Day
was
settled
as
March
12
according
to
the
Gregorian calendar.
清明是我国的二十四节气之一。
由于二十四节气比较客观地反映了一年四
季
气温、降雨、物候等方面的变化，所以古代劳动人民用它安排农事活动。但是，
清明作为节日，
与纯粹的节气又有所不同。
节
气是我国物候变化、
时令顺序的标
志，
而节日则包含着一定的风俗活动和某种纪念意义。
因此，
这个节
日中既有祭
扫新坟生别死离的悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。
清明节
是我国传统节日，
也是最重要的祭祀节日，
是祭祖和扫墓的日子
。
扫
墓俗称上坟，
祭祀死者的一种活动
。
汉族和一些少数民族大多都是在清明节扫墓。
由于清明与寒食
的日子接近，
而寒食是民间禁火扫墓的日子，
渐渐的，
寒食与清
明就合二为一了，
而寒食既成为清明的
别称，
也变成为清明时节的一个习俗，
清
明之日不动烟火，只吃凉的食品。
按照旧的习俗，
扫墓时，
人们要携带酒食果品、
纸钱等物品到墓地，
将食物
供祭在亲人墓前，
再将纸钱焚化，
为坟
墓培上新土，
折几枝嫩绿的新枝插在坟上，
然后叩头行礼祭拜，
最后吃掉酒食回家。
6
与清明
节扫墓的悲哀相反，
人们在这个春光明媚的日子里，
也一样是可
以享
受生活的。
放风筝也是清明时节人们所喜爱的活动。每逢清明时节，人们
不仅白天放，
夜间也放。
夜里在风筝下或风稳拉线上挂上一串串
彩色的小灯笼，
象闪烁的明星，
被称为
“
神灯
”
。
清明前后，春阳照临，春阳照临，春雨飞洒，种植树苗成活率高，成长快。
因此，自古以来，我国就有清明植树的习惯。有人还把清明节叫作
“
植树节
”
。植
树风俗一
直流传至今。
1979
年，人大常委会规定，每年三月十二日为
我国植树
节。这对动员全国各族人民积极开展绿化祖国活动，有着十分重要的意义。
Dragon Boat
Festival
（端午节）
The
Dragon
Boat
Festival,
the
5th
day
of
the
5th
lunar
month,
has
had
a
history
of
more
than 2,000 years. It is usually in June in the
Gregorian calendar.
There
are many legends about the evolution of the
festival, the most popular of which
is
in commemoration of Qu Yuan (340-278 BC). Qu Yuan
was minister of the State of
Chu and
one of China's earliest poets. In face of great
pressure from the powerful Qin
State,
he advocated enriching the country and
strengthening its military forces so as to
fight against the Qin.
However,
he was opposed by
aristocrats
headed by Zi
Lan, and
later deposed and
exiled by King Huai. In
his exiled
days, he
still cared
much
for his
country
and
people
and
composed
immortal
poems
including
Li
Sao
(The
Lament),
Tian
Wen
(Heavenly
Questions)
and
Jiu
Ge
(Nine
Songs),
which
had
far-
reaching
influences. In 278 BC, he
heard the news that Qin troops had finally
conquered Chu's
capital, so he
finished his
last piece
Huai Sha (Embracing Sand) and plunged
himself
into
the
Miluo
River, clasping
his
arms to a
large stone. The day
happened to be
the
5th of the 5th
month
in the Chinese
lunar
calendar. After
his death, the people
of Chu
crowded
to
the
bank
of
the
river
to
pay
their
respects
to
him.
The
fishermen
sailed
their
boats
up
and
down
the
river
to
look
for
his
body
.
People
threw
into
the
water
zongzi
(pyramid-shaped glutinous rice
dumplings wrapped
in reed or bamboo
leaves)
and
eggs
to
divert
possible
fish
or
shrimp
from
attacking
his
body
.
An
old
doctor
poured
a
jug
of
reaglar
wine
(Chinese
liquor
seasoned
with
realgar)
into
the
water,
7
hoping
to turn
all aquatic beasts drunk.
That's why
people
later
followed
the customs
such as dragon
boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar
wine on that day
.
Dragon boat racing
is an
indispensable part of the
festival,
held
all over
the
country
.
As
the
gun
is
fired,
people
will
see
racers
in
dragon-
shaped
canoes
pulling
the
oars
harmoniously
and
hurriedly
,
accompanied
by
rapid
drums,
speeding
toward
their
destination.
Folk
tales
say
the
game
originates
from
the
activities
of
seeking
Qu
Yuan's
body
,
but
experts,
after
painstaking
and
meticulous
research,
conclude
that
dragon
boat
racing
is
a
semi-religious,
semi-
entertaining
program
from
the
Warring
States Period (475-221 BC).
In the
following thousands
of
years,
the
game spread to
Japan,
Vietnam and Britain as
well as China's
Taiwan and
Hong Kong. Now dragon
boat
racing
has
developed
into
an
aquatic
sports
item
which
features
both
Chinese
tradition
and
modern
sporting
spirit.
In
1980,
it
was
listed
into
the
state
sports
competition
programs
and
has
since
been
held
every
year.
The
award
is
called
Yuan Cup.
Zongzi
is an essential food of the Dragon Boat Festival.
It is said that people ate them
in
the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476
BC). In early
times,
it was
only
glutinous
rice
dumplings wrapped in reed or other plant leaves
and tied with colored thread, but
now
the fillings are more diversified, including
jujube and bean paste, fresh meat, and
ham and egg
yolk. If time
permits, people
will soak
glutinous
rice,
wash
reed
leaves
and
wrap
up
zongzi
themselves.
Otherwise,
they
will
go
to
shops
to
buy
whatever
stuff
they
want.
The
custom
of
eating
zongzi
is
now
popular
in
North
and
South
Korea,
Japan and Southeast Asian nations.
On
Dragon
Boat Festival, parents also need
to dress their children
up with a
perfume
pouch.
They
first
sew
little
bags
with
colorful
silk
cloth,
then
fill
the
bags
with
perfumes or
herbal
medicines, and
finally
string
them
with silk
threads.
The perfume
pouch
will be
hung around the
neck or tied
to the
front of a
garment as an
ornament.
They are said to be able to
ward off evil.
端午节是古老的传统节日，始于中国的春秋战国时期，
至今已有
2000
多年
历史。
据《史记》
“屈原贾生列传”记载，屈原，是
春秋时期楚怀王的大臣。他倡
导举贤授能，
富国强兵，
力主联齐抗秦，
遭到贵族子兰等人的强烈反对，
屈原遭
馋去职，被赶出都城，流放到沅、湘流域。他在流放中，写下了忧国忧民的《离<
/p>
8
骚》<
/p>
、
《天问》
、
《
九歌》等不朽诗篇，独具风貌，影响深远（因而，端午节也称诗
人节）
< br>。公元前
278
年，秦军攻破楚国京都。屈原眼看自己的
祖国被侵略，心如
刀割，但是始终不忍舍弃自己的祖国，于五月五日，在写下了绝笔作《
怀沙》之
后，抱石投汨罗江身死，以自己的生命谱写了一曲壮丽的爱国主义乐章。
传说屈原死后，
楚国百姓哀痛异常，
纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原。
渔夫们
划起船
只，
在江上来回打捞他的真身。
有位渔夫拿出为屈原准备的饭团
、
鸡蛋等
食物，
“扑通、扑通”地丢进
江里，说是让鱼龙虾蟹吃饱了，就不会去咬屈大夫
的身体了。
人
们见后纷纷仿效。
一位老医师则拿来一坛雄黄酒倒进江里，
说是
要
药晕蛟龙水兽，
以免伤害屈大夫。
后
来为怕饭团为蛟龙所食，
人们想出用楝树叶
包饭，外缠彩丝，发
展成棕子。
賽龙舟，
是端午节的主要
习俗。
相传起源于古时楚国人因舍不得贤臣屈原投
江死去，
许多人划船追赶拯救。
他们争先恐后，
追至
洞庭湖时不见踪迹。
之后每
年五月五日划龙舟以纪念之。借划龙
舟驱散江中之鱼，以免鱼吃掉屈原的身体。
竞渡之习，盛行于吴、越、楚。
其实
，
“龙舟竞渡”
早在战国时代就有了。
在急鼓声中划刻成龙形的独木舟，
做竞渡游戏，以娱神与乐人，是祭仪中半宗教
性、半娱乐性的节目。后来，赛龙
舟除纪念屈原之外，
在各地人
们还付予了不同的寓意。
此外，
划龙舟也先后传入
邻国日本、越南等及英国。
1980
年，赛龙舟被列
入中国国家体育比赛项目，并
每年举行“屈原杯”龙舟赛。
<
/p>
端午节吃粽子，
这是中国人民的又一传统习俗。
< br>粽子，
又叫
“角黍”
、
“筒粽”
。
其由来已久，花样繁多。
据记载，早在春秋时期，用菰叶（茭白叶）包黍米成牛角状，称“角黍”
；
用竹筒装米密封烤熟，称“筒粽”
。
一直到今天，每年五月初，中国百姓家家都
要浸糯米、洗粽叶、包粽子，其花色品种更为
繁多。从馅料看，北方多包小枣的
北京枣粽；南方则有豆沙、鲜肉、火腿、蛋黄等多种馅
料，其中以浙江嘉兴粽子
为代表。吃粽子的风俗，千百年来，在中国盛行不衰，而且流传
到朝鲜、日本及
东南亚诸国。
端午节
小孩佩香囊，
传说有避邪驱瘟之意，
实际是用于襟头点缀装饰。
香囊
内有朱砂、雄黄、香药，外包以丝布，清香四溢，再以五色
丝线弦扣成索，作各
种不同形状，结成一串，形形色色，玲珑可爱。
9