-
一、时态讲解：现在完成时
（
1
）构成：现在完成时由助动词
have
+
过去分词构成，助动词
have
有人
称和数的变化。
第三人称单数用
has
，其余用
have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加
上
not
、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以
study
为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式
I have not
(haven’t) studied….
You have
not (haven’t) studied….
He
has not (hasn’t) studied….
否定疑问式
Have I not
(Haven’t I) studied…?
Have
you not (Haven’t you) studied…?
Has he not (Hasn’t he)
studied…?
简单回答（肯定
/
否定）
Yes, you
have. No, you haven’t.
Yes,
I have. No, I haven’t.
Yes,
he has. No, he ha
sn’t.
疑问式
Have I
studied…?
Have you
studied…?
Has he
studied…?
（
2
）用法：
1
）现在完成时通常表示在
说话之前已
经完成的动作
或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该
动作或状态对现
在的
结果或影响
。
My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。
I’m
sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
She
has arrived.
她到了。
2
）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，
如
recently, already, just,
lately, for…,
since…,
yet
等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days.
这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently.
最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years.
他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
a)
since
和
for
的区别
since
后接时间点，如
1993
< br>，
last term, yesterday, the time I
got there
for
后接一段时间，表示
“
长达多久
”
，如
ten years, a while, two
days
等。
Exercise:
用
since
和
for
填空
1. Jim has
been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill
has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia
______15 days.
4. Mary is in her
office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent
country ______1974.
6. The bus is late.
They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They
have been empty ______ many years.
8.
Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been
in hospital ______ October.
2
）表示短暂意义的动词如
arrive, leave, borrow, buy,
begin, start, die
等，在完成时当中不能和
表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks.
×
The
old man has died for 4 months.
×
They have left
only for 5 minutes.
×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has
been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has
______ _______ for 4 months.
They have
_____ _____ only for 5 minutes
2
）
have (has) been
和
have (has) gone
的
区别：
表示
“
曾到过某地
”
要用
“have
(has) been”;
表示
“
已
经去某地
”
要用
“have (has)
gone”
。试比较：
Where
has he been?
他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone?
他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They
have been to Canada.
他们到过加拿大。
（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone
to Canada.
他们到加拿大去了。
（可能在路上和已
经到加拿大）
.
3
）现在完成时不能
和表示过去的时间状语连用，如
yesterday, last year, in
1976, two days ago,
just now, when I
came in
，但可以和
already, yet,
sometimes, always, often, before, lately,
recently,
once, twice, ever,
never
等连用。例如：
She
has already come.
她已经来了。
I haven’t
read it yet.
我还没读过这个。
I have
met him before.
我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong
has always been a good student.
马红一直是个好学生。
I have
often seen him in the street.
我经常在街上看见他。
They
have n
ever been to Yan’an.
他们从未去过延安。
I
haven't seen him lately.
我近来没看到他。
Irregular Verbs
Base Form
bear
beat
become
blow
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
do
drink
drive
Past Form
bore
beat
became
blew
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
did
drank
drove
Past Participle
born
beaten
become
blown
brought
built
bought
caught
chosen
come
done
drunk
driven
eat
fall
find
fly
get
give
go
grow
have
hear
keep
leave
lose
make
put
read
run
say
see
sell
send
sing
sink
take
teach
write
am, is
are
ate
fell
found
flew
got
gave
went
grew
had
heard
kept
left
lost
made
put
read
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
sang
sank/sunk
took
taught
wrote
was
were
eaten
fallen
found
flown
got
given
gone
grown
had
heard
kept
left
lost
made
put
read
run
said
seen
sold
sent
sung
sunk
taken
taught
wrote
been
been
Exercise:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper
form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the
film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2.
_____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back
from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s
Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s
office.
5. I __________
(work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite
a few friends here.
7. How long
________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For
two weeks.
8. I ________ just
___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot
every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science
book yet?
11. If it ____
(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read)
English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb)
the tree.
14. My mother
__________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen.
_________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you
_______ here?
A. come
B. got
C. arrived
D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2
B. for 2 years
C. when I was
2.
D. my age was
6.
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She
will come back tomorrow.
A. been
B.
gone
C. went
D. never been
4. It is ten
years _____ I last saw her.
A. after
B. since
C. for
D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet
Lorry?
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met
B. have met
C. had met
D. will meet
6. --What a
nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy
B.
did, buy
C. are, having
D. have, had
7.--Do you know
Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____
friends since we were very young.
A.
have made
B. have become
C. have been
D.
have turned
8. The Smiths _______ in
China for 8 years.
A. has lived
B. lived
C. have been
D.
live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green
speaking.
Can I speak to
Mr. Black?
--
Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A.
has been to
B. has gone to
C. went to
D.
will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to
the US?
-- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone
B. Have, been
C, Do, go
D. were, going
III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before.
(
改为否定句
)
I _________ _________ been to Macau
before.
2.
He hasn’t come to
school
because he was ill.
(
就划线部分提问
)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (
用
just
改写
)
I ____ just
____ a new bike.
4. We
began to learn English three years
ago.(
改为同义句
)
We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______
_______?
（改成反意疑问句）
6. They have
been here since 2000.
(
对划线部分提问
)
_______ _______have they been here?
7. The old man _________ last year. He
has _______ _______for a year. (die)
（动词填空）
8. Miss
Gao left an hour ago.
(
同义句转换
)
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________
an hour ago.
Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you
__________ __________?
2) My father has
lived here since 2000.
_________
_________ __________ your father _________
__________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________
__________?
4) They bought a book two
hours ago.
__________ ___________ they
__________ a book?
Use
“
never, ever, already, just,
yet, for, since
”
to fill in
the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him
before, so I have no idea about him.
2.
Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school
________ ten years.
4. “Have you
________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen
it.”
5. “Has the bus left
_______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
现在完成时练习题及答案
一、翻译下列句子：
你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2.
我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3.
我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4.
他已经吃过午饭
5.
你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6.
我哥哥还没回来。
7.
这本字典我已买了三年了。
8.
他离开中国三年了。
9.
我认识他们五年了。
10.
他们已去了美国五年了。
11.
自
从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。
1
2.
我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
13.
自
从
1999
年以来他们就认识。
14.
我来到这个学校已
3
年多了。
二、用
since
和
for
填
空