-
一、时态讲解：现在完成时
（
1
）构成：现在完成时由助动词
have +
过去分词构成，助动词
have
有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数
用
has
，其余用
have.
现在完成时的否定式
直接在助动词后面加上
not
、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前
。以
study
为例，
其否定式、疑
问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式
I have not (haven’t)
studied….
You have not
(haven’t) studied….
He has
not (hasn’t) studied….
否定疑问式
Have I not
(Haven’t I) studied…?
Have
you not (Haven’t you) studied…?
Has he not (Hasn’t he)
studied…?
简单回答（肯定
/
否定）
Yes, you
have. No, you haven’t.
Yes,
I have. No, I haven’t.
Yes,
he has. No, he ha
sn’t.
疑问式
Have I
studied…?
Have you
studied…?
Has he
studied…?
（
2
）用法：
1
）现在完成时通常表示在
说话之前已
经完成的动作
或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对
现
在的
结果或影响
。
My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure
we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
She
has arrived.
她到了。
2
）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，
如
recently,
already, just,
lately, for…,
since…,
yet
等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days.
这些日子我没有收到她
的信。
We
haven’t seen you recently.
最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years.
他们离开已经两年了。
She
has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
a)
since
和
for
的区别
since
后接时间点，如
1993
< br>，
last term, yesterday, the time I
got there
for
后接一段时间，表示
“
长达多久
”
，如
ten years, a while, two
days
等。
Exercise:
用
since
和
for
填空
1. Jim has
been in Ireland ______ Monday.2. Jill has been in
Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt
has lived in Australia ______15 days.4. Mary is in
her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent
country ______1974.
6. The bus is late.
They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They
have been empty ______ many years.
8.
Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been
in hospital ______ October.
2
）表示短暂意义的动词如
arrive, leave, borrow, buy,
begin, start, die
等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时
间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come
here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has
died for 4 months. ×
They have left only
for 5 minutes.
×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has
been here for 2 old man has ______ _______ for 4
months.
have _____ _____ only for 5
minutes
2
）
have
(has) been
和
have (has) gone<
/p>
的区别：表示
“
曾到过某地
”
要用
“have
(has) been”;
表示
“
已
经去某
地
”
要用
“have (has)
gone”
。试比较：
Where has he been?
他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone?
他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They
have been to Canada.
他们到过加拿大。
（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone
to Canada.
他们到加拿大去了。
（可能在路上和已
经到加拿大）
.
3
）
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，
如
yes
terday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just
now, when
I came
in
，
但可以和
already,
yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately,
recently, once, twice, ever,
never
等连
用。例如：
She has already come.
她已经来了。
I haven’t
read it yet.
我还没读过这个。
I have
met him before.
我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong
has always been a good student.
马红一直是个好学生。
I have
often seen him in the street.
我经常在街上看见他。
They
have never been t
o Yan’an.
他们从未去过延安。
I
haven't seen him lately.
我近来没看到他。
Exercise:
I. Fill in the
blanks with the proper form.
1. I____
already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it
last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish)
his work today? Not yet.
3. My father
____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired
now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________
(go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I
______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I
_______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs
______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish)
my homework.
9. He ________
(go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science
book yet?
11. If it ____
(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read)
English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb)
the tree.
14. My mother
__________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen.
_________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you
_______ here?A. come
B
. got
C. arrived
2.
My grandpa died _________.
A. at the
age of my 2
B. for 2 years
C.
when I was 2.
3. Jane has
_____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been
B. gone
C. went
D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw
her.A. after
B.
since
C.
for
5.
--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?
--I will. I
_____ her several times.
A. met
B.
have met
C. had met
D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____
you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy
B.
did, buy
C. are, having
D. have, had
D. been
D. my age was 6.
D. that
7.--Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we
were very young.
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have turned
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8
years.A. has lived
B. lived
C. have been
D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking.
Can I speak to Mr. Black?--
Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A.
has been to
B. has gone to
C. went to
D.
will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to
the US? -- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone
B. Have, been
C, Do, go
D. were, going
III. Rewrite
the sentences.
1. I have
been to Macau before.
(
改为否定句
)
I
_________ _________ been to Macau before.
2.
He hasn’t come to school
because he was ill.
(
就划线部分提问
)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (
用
just
改写
)
I ____ just ____ a new
bike.
4. We began to learn English
three years ago.(
改为同义句
) We
____ ____English ____three years
5. He
has never surfed, _______ _______?
（改成反意疑问句）
6. They have been here
since 2000.
(
对划线部分提问
) _______
_______have they been here?
7. The old
man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for
a year. (die)
（动词填空）
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.
(
同义句转换
)Miss Gao
has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
Ask the questions
1) I have
been there for two days.__________ _________
__________ you __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since
2000._________ _________ __________ your father
_________ __________?
3) He left here
yesterday._________ ________ he _________
__________?
4) They bought a book two
hours ago._________ ___________ they __________ a
book?
Use
“
never,
ever, already, just, yet, for,
since
”
to fill in the
blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him
before, so I have no idea about him.
2.
Jack has _________ finished his homework.3. Mr.
Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?”
“No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it
has _________ left.”
现在完成时练习题及答案
一、翻译下列句子：
1.
你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2.
我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3.
我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4.
他已经吃过午饭
5.
你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6.
我哥哥还没回来。
7.
这本字典我已买了三年了。
8.
他离开中国三年了。
9.
我认识他们五年了。
10.
他们已去了美国五年了。
11.
自
从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。
12.
我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
13.
自从
1999
年以来他们就认识。
14.
我
来到这个学校已
3
年多了。
二、用
s
ince
和
for
填空
1.______two years
2.____two years ago3.___last month
4.______ 1999
5._______yesterday
6._______ 4
o’clock7
4
hours
8._____an
hour ago
9. ___we were
children
10._____ lunch time
11.____ she left here
12. He
has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him _
_____ we
were children.
14. Our teacher has
studied Japanese ______ three years.
15. She has been away from the city
______ about ten years.
16. It’s about
ten years __________ she left the city.
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。
①
arrive at
/ in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to
sp
→
be in sp /
at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be
there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes
Beijing for
.
2)
I moved to the USA in 2008.
I
the
USA since
.
3) I went home yesterday.
I
home for
.
4)
They came here last week.
They ___________ here since
_____________.
②
come to / go back to
/ return
to
→
be
back to
go out
→
be out
1) He came out two years
______________ for ____________.
2) We
return to Beijing ___ ____________ to Beijing
since __________.
③
become
→
be
1) I became a teacher in
2000.
I ________________ a
teacher for _________________.
2) The
river became dirty last year. The river _______
_______ dirty for _______ ________.
④
close
→
be closed
open
→
be open
1) The shop closed
two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for
_________________.
2) The door opened
at six in the door ________ ________ ________ for
six hours.
⑤
get
up
→
be
up
；
die
→
be
dead
；
leave sp.
→
be away from
sp.
fall asleep / get tot sleep
→
be
asleep
；
finish /
end
→
be
over
；
marry
→
be
married
；
1) I got
up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since
_______________.
2) He left Shanghai
just _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for
five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in
grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at meeting
________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I
________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since
_________.
⑥
start / begin to do sth.
→
do sth.
；
begin
→
be on
1) I began to teach at this school in
1995.
I ____ ____ at this
school since ____.
2) The film began
two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦
borrow
→
keep
；
lose
→
not have
；
buy
→
have
；
put on
→
wear
catch / get a cold
→
have a
cold
；
get to know
→
know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They __________it since
_____________.
2) I bought a pen two
hours ago.
I ____________a pen for
_____________.
3) I got to know him
last year.
I
___________ him since ___________.
4) I
put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my
glasses for ______________.