-
新视野大学第三版英语课后翻译答案
Unit
1
原文：
苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，
被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。
他是
一个谜一般的人物，
人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，
尤其
是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。
苏格拉底以他对伦理学的
贡献而闻名。
他的教学法亦称
为苏格拉底法，
即通过提问和回答来激
发批判性思维以及阐述观
点。
该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。
他
还在认识论和逻辑领域做出了重大而深远的贡献。
他的思想和方法所
带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。
苏格拉底是古代哲学
史上最丰富多彩的人物。
他
在他那个时代已威名远扬。
虽然他未
曾
建立什么哲学体系，
未曾设立什么
学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但
他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。
翻译：
Socrates
was
a
classical
Greek
philosopher
who
is
credited
with
laying
the
fundamentals
of
modern
Western
philosophy.
He
is
a
mysterious
figure
known
chiefly
through
the
accounts
of
later
classical
writers,especially
the
writings
of
his
most
famous
student
es
has
become
well
known
for
his
contribution
to
the
field
of
ethics.
His
method
of
teaching,
known
as
the
Socratic
Method,
by
asking
and
answering
questions
to
stimulate
critical
thinking
and
to
explain
ideas
remains
a
commonly
used
tool
in
a
wide
range
of
discussions.
He
also
made
important
and
lasting
contributions
to
the
field
of
epistemology
and
logic,
and
the
influence
of
his
ideas
and
approach
remains
a
strong
foundation
for
Western
philosophy
that
es
was
the
most
colorful
figure
in
the
history
of
ancient
fame
was
widespread
in
his
own
time,
and
his
name
soon
became
a
household
word
although
he
原文：
1
constructed
no
philosophical
system,
established
no
school,
and
founded
no
sect.
孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家的创始人，被
尊称为古代的
“
圣人
”
。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》一书中。
《论语》
是中国古代文化的经典著作，
对后来历代的思想家、
文学家、
政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》
，就不能真正把握中国
几千
年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，
对中国社会
产生了深远的影响。在<
/p>
21
世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人
的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。
翻译：
Confucius
was
a
great
thinker
and
educator
in
Chinese
was
the
founder
of
Confucianism
and
was
respectfully
referred
to
as
an
ancient
words
and
life
story
were
recorded
in
The
Analects.
An
enduring
classic
of
ancient
Chinese
culture,
The
Analects
has
had
a
great
influence
on
the
thinkers,writers,
and
statesmen
that
came
after
Confucius.
Without
studying
this
book,
one
could
hardly
truly
understand
the
thousands-of-years'
traditional
Chinese
culture.
Much
of
Confucius'
thought,
especially
his
thought
on
education,
has
had
a
profound
influence
on
Chinese
society.
In
the
21st
century,
Confucian
thought
not
only
retains
the
attention
of
the
Chinese,
but
it
also
wins
an
increasing
attention
from
the
Unit
2
原文：
圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文
化节日，
全世界有许许多多的人在
1
2
月
2
5<
/p>
日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日
最早可追
溯到公元
3
3
6
< br>年。
渐渐地，
这一节日演变为一个既是宗教
又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞
节在全球
被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。
不同国家的圣诞
节风
俗也各不相同。
现代流行的圣诞节风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞
礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、
举行家庭聚会以及准
备一顿特别的大餐。
对小孩子们来说，
这个节日
2
充满了幻想和惊喜。
据
传说，
圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人
家，
给乖巧听话的孩子带来礼物。
由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方
面推动了基督徒和非基督徒的经济活动，
圣诞节也因此成为商家的一
个重大活动和主要销售季
翻译：
Christmas
is
a
widely
observed
cultural
holiday,
celebrated
on
December
25
by
millions
of
people
around
the
world.
It
commemorates
the
birth
of
Jesus
Christ.
The
festival
dated
from
as
early
as
336
AD.
Gradually
it
evolved
into
a
religious
as
well
as
secular
celebration,
celebrated
by
an
increasing
number
of
non-
Christians.
Today
Christmas
is
observed
as
an
important
festival
and
public
holiday
around
the
world.
Christmas
customs
differ
in
different
countries.
Popular
modern
customs
of
the
holiday
include
an
exchange
of
Christmas
cards
and
gifts,
Christmas
singing,
church
attendance,
the
display
of
various
Christmas
decorations
and
trees,
family
gatherings,
and
a
special
meal
preparation.
To
small
children,
the
festival
is
full
of
fantasy
and
surprise.
Legend
has
it
that
Santa
Claus
will
enter
each
house
through
the
chimney
and
bring
gifts
to
well-
behaved
children
on
Christmas
Eve.
Because
gift-giving
and
many
other
aspects
of
the
Christmas
festival
heighten
economic
activity
among
both
Christians
and
non-Christians,
the
holiday
has
also
become
a
significant
event
and
a
key
sales
period
for
businesses.
原文：
<
/p>
每年农历八月十五是我国的传统节日
——
中秋节。
这时是一年秋
季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一
项重要活动是赏月。夜晚，
人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆的
时刻，
远在他乡的游子，
会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之
情。
中秋节
的习俗很多，
都寄托着人们
对美好生活的热爱和向往。
自
2008
年起，
中秋节成为中国的法定节假日
翻译：
3
According
to
the
Chinese
lunar
calendar,
August
15
of
every
year
is
a
traditional
Chinese
festival
—
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival.
This
day
is
the
middle
of
autumn,
so
it
is
called
Mid-Autumn.
One
of
the
important
Mid-Autumn
Festival
activities
is
to
enjoy
the
moon.
On
that
night,
people
gather
together
to
celebrate
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival,
looking
up
at
the
bright
moon
and
eating
moon
cakes.
The
festival
is
also
a
time
for
family
reunion.
People
living
far
away
from
home
will
express
their
feelings
of
missing
their
hometowns
and
families
at
this
festival.
There
are
many
customs
to
celebrate
the
festival,
all
expressing
people's
love
and
hope
for
a
happy
life.
Since
2008,
the
Mid-Autumn
Festival
has
become
an
official
national
holiday in
China.
Unit
3
原文：
伦敦地铁是英国的一个快速交
通运输系统，
服务于大伦敦的大部
分地区。
地铁系统因其地铁隧道的典型形状也被称为地下管道。
伦敦
地铁始建于
19
世纪中期，是世界上最早的地下铁路系统。它
的第一
段地铁于
1863
年开始运营
。自此，伦敦地铁不断延伸，发展成为一
个包括
12
条线路、
275
个车站、
铁轨总长超过
250
英里的地铁杰作，
其中有
45
％在地下运行。就路线长度而言，它是世界上第四
大地铁
系统，
也是车站数量最多的地铁系统之一。
作为一个走遍伦敦的经济
便捷的途径，
伦敦地铁一向
是每天数百万通勤者以及在节假日游历伦
敦的游客的首选。伦敦地铁已成为伦敦的一个国
际标志。
2013
年伦
敦举办了各种
各样的活动，庆祝地铁运营
150
周年，纪念这一里程
碑。
翻译：
London
Underground
is
a
rapid
transit
system
in
the
United
Kingdom,
serving
a
large
part
of
Greater
London.
The
underground
system
is
also
known
as
the
Tube,
due
to
the
characteristic
shape
of
the
subway
tunnels.
It
all
started
in
the
mid-1800s.
The
Tu
4
be
was
the
world's
first
underground
train
system,
with
the
first
section
opening
in
1863.
Since
then
it
has
grown
to
an
underground
masterpiece
of
12
lines,
275
stations,
and
over
250
miles
of
rail
track,
45%
of
which
is
underground.
It
is
the
fourth
largest
metro
system
in
the
world
in
terms
of
route
miles.
It
also
has
one
of
the
largest
numbers
of
stations.
As
an
affordable
and
easy
way
to
get
around
London,
the
Tube
remains
the
first
choice
for
millions
of
commuters
each
day,
as
well
as
tourists
visiting
the
city
on
holidays.
The
Tube
has
been
an
international
icon
for
London.
The
London
Underground
celebrated
its
150
years
of
operation
in
2013,
with
various
events
marking
the
milestone.
原文：
中国航天业开创于
1956
年。几十年来，
中国航天事业创造了一
个又一个奇迹。
1970
年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成
为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发
射人造地球卫星的国家。
1992
年，
中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程。
2003
年，中国成功发射了
神舟五
号
载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。
2007
年发射
了
嫦娥一号<
/p>
，
即第一颗绕月球飞行的人造卫星。
2013
年，
第五艘载
人飞船
神舟十号
< br>发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。
翻译：
China's
space
industry
was
launched
in
1956.
Over
the
past
decades,
China's
space
industry
has
created
one
miracle
after
another.
In
1970
China
launched
its
first
man-
made
earth
satellite,
ranking
China
the
fifth
country
in
the
world
to
independently
develop
and
launch
man-
made
earth
satellites.
In
1992
China
began
to
carry
out
the
manned
spaceflight
program.
In
2003
China
launched
Shenzhou-5,
a
manned
spaceship.
The
successful
launch
made
China
the
third
country
to
launch
manned
spaceships.
In
2007
Chang'e-1,
the
first
lunar-
orbiting
man-made
satellite,
was
sent
to
space.
In
2013
Shenzhou-10,
the
fifth
manned
spaceship,
was
launched
successfully,
laying
the
foundation
for
building
the
5
Chinese
Space
Station.
Unit
4
原文：
作
为通过中国游历亚洲的首批欧洲人之一，马可
?
波罗可能是中<
/p>
国人最熟知的外国商人和航海家。从
1271
年到
1295
年，他和他的
家人游历广泛，遍及欧洲和亚洲。期间，他在中国留居了
17
年。他
的著作《马可
?
波罗游记》描述了他游历亚洲的旅程，让欧洲人首次
全面领略了包括中国、
印度和日本在内的远东地区的情况。
从他的文
字叙述
中，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火药、印刷术、纸币以
及丝绸。在
15
世纪末和
16
世纪欧
洲发现与征服的大航海时代，马
可
?
波
罗所记录的大量新的地理信息得到了广泛使用。在他去世后的
这几个世纪
里，马可
?
波罗获得了他在
有生之年未曾获得的赞誉。马
可
?
波罗
的故事鼓舞了其他无数的探险者去踏上征程，发现世界。
翻译：
As
one
of
the
first
Europeans
to
travel
across
Asia
through
China,
Marco
Polo
is
perhaps
the
most
well-known
foreign
merchant
and
voyager
to
the
Chinese
people.
He
traveled
extensively
with
his
family,
journeying
from
Europe
to
Asia
from
1271
to
1295.
He
remained
in
China
for
17
of
those
years.
His
book
The
Travels
of
Marco
Polo
depicts
his
journeys
throughout
Asia,
giving
Europeans
their
first
comprehensive
look
into
the
Far
East,
including
China,
India,
and
his
written
accounts
the
Westerners
learned
of
porcelain,
coal,
gunpowder,
printing,
paper
money,
and
silk
for
the
first
time.
The
wealth
of
new
geographic
information
recorded
by
Polo
was
widely
used
in
the
late
15th
and
the
16th
centuries
during
the
age
of
the
European
voyages
of
discovery
and
conquest.
In
the
centuries
since
his
death,
Marco
Polo
has
received
the
recognition
that
failed
to
come
his
way
during
his
lifetime.
Marco
Polo's
story
has
inspired
countless
other
adventurers
to
set
off
and
see
the
world.
6
原文：
郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家。公元
1405
年，明朝的统治
者为了稳固边防和开展海上贸易，
派郑和下西洋。
在此后的
28
年里，
郑和带领船队七下西洋，
前后出海的人员有
10
多万人，
访问了
30
多
个国家和地区。船队纵横南亚、西亚，一直到非洲大陆。郑和下西
洋
是世界航海史上的壮举，
它展现了郑和卓越的航海和组织才能
，
同时
展现了明朝的国力和国威，加强了明朝和海外各国之间的
关系。
翻译：
Zheng
He
was
the
most
famous
maritime
explorer
in
Chinese
history.
In
1405
AD,
the
ruler
of
the
Ming
Dynasty
sent
Zheng
He
on
a
voyage
to
the
Western
Seas
in
order
to
strengthen
border
defense
and
develop
trade
by
sea.
In
the
following
28
years,
Zheng
He
led
his
fleet,
made
seven
voyages
to
the
Western
Seas
with
over
100,000
crew
members
in
total,
and
visited
more
than
30
countries
and
regions.
The
fleet
traveled
far
into
South
Asia
and
West
Asia,
and
made
all
the
way
to
the
continent
of
Africa.
Zheng
He's
voyages
to
the
Western
Seas
were
a
great
feat
in
the
world's
navigation
history.
It
showed
Zheng
He's
outstanding
navigation
and
organization
talents;
meanwhile,
it
exhibited
the
national
strength
and
prestige
of
the
Ming
Dynasty,
and
strengthened
the
relationships
between
the
Ming
Dynasty
and
the
overseas
countries.
Unit
5
原文：
有关古代奥林匹克运动会的最早文
字记载可追溯至公元前
776
年。古代奥运会每
4
年举办一次，在
8
月
6
日与
9
月
19
日之间的一
个纪念宙斯的宗教节日期间举行
。第一届现代奥运会于
1896
年在希
腊雅典举办。
奥运会的标志由五个大小相同的套环组成，
代表着
五大
洲的联
合和来自世界各地运动员
的大聚会。奥运会真正腾飞、成为
一项国际体育盛会是在
192
4
年之后，即第
8
届奥运会在巴黎举办
之
后。这一年，来自
44
个国家约
3,000
名运动员同场竞技，并且第一
7