诗的特点介绍(英文)

I.

Poetry

is

one

of

the

three

major

types

of

the

and

others

being

prose

and

literature,

musical,

drama. Most poems make use of highly concise,

emotionally

charged

language. Many

also

make

use

of

imagery,

figurative language, and special devices of sound

such

as

rhyme. Poems

are

often

divided

into

lines

and

stanzas

and

often

employ

regular

rhythmical

patterns,

or

meters. However,

some

poems

are

written

out

just

like

prose,

and

some

are written in free verse.

a.

ORAL

TRADITION

is

the

passing

of

songs,

stories,

and

poems

from

generation

to

generation by word of mouth.

b.

SOME TYPES OF POETRY

1.

A

CONCRETE POEM

is one with a

shape that suggests its subject. (See

handout)

William

Star,

If you are

A Love compassionate,

You will walk with us this year.

We face a glacial distance, who are here Huddl’d

At your feet.

The lines of the poem appear on

the

page

in

a

shape

of

a

tree,

and

the

words

star

and

at

your

feet

appear

in

appropriate

positions, at the top and bottom.

2.

DRAMATIC

POETRY

is

poetry

Burford’s

“A

Christmas Tree” is a concrete p

oem:

that

involves

the

techniques

of

drama.

a.

A

MONOLOGUE

is

a

speech

by one character in a play, story,

or poem.

3.

An

EPIGRAM

is a short poem with

a

single

point,

usually

two

to

four

lines long, but sometimes more. The

word

literally

means

“inscription”

and

they

originally

were

inscribed

on tombs.

4.

FREE VERSE

is poetry not written

in

a

regular

rhythmical

pattern,

or

meter. Free

verse

seeks

to

capture

the rhythms of speech.

5.

The

HAIKU

is a three-line Japanese

verse form. A haiku seeks to convey

a

single

vivid

emotion

by

means

of

images

a

certain

amount

from

of

1

2

nature. Each line has

syllables. Line

Line

----- 5

----- 7

Line 3 ----- 5

6.

LYRIC

POETRY

is

a

highly

musical

verse

that

expresses

the

observations and feelings of a single

speaker. They were at one time sung,

but

not

today. They

still

have

a

musical

quality

that

is

achieved

through

rhythm

and

other

devices

such as alliteration and rhyme.

a.

A

SONNET

is

a

14

line

lyric

poem, usually written in iambic

pentameter.

i.

The

SHAKESPEARE

AN

(ENGLISH)

sonnet

consists

of

three

quatrains

(four-line

stanzas)

and

a

couplet (two lines), usually

rhyming

abab cdcd efef

gg

. The

couplet

usually

comments

on

the

ideas

contained

in

the

preceding

twelve lines. The sonnet is

usually

not

printed

with

stanzas

divided,

but

a

reader

can

see

distinct

ideas in each.

ii.

The

PETRARCHAN

(

ITALIAN)

sonnet

consists

of

an

octave

(eight

line

stanza)

octave

rhymes

abbaabba

and

the

sestet

rhymes

cdecde

. The

octave

states

a

theme

or

asks a question. The sestet

comments on or answers a

question.

7.

A

NARRATIVE

POEM

is

one

that

and

a

sestet

(six- line stanza). Often the

tells a story.

c.

SPEAKER

is the imaginary voice assumed by

the

writer

of

a

poem. In

many

poems

the

speaker

is

not

identified

by

name. When