-
使役动词
have let make
的用法
的用法
1).
have
宾语
省
to
不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事
,
宾语和宾补之
间是一种主动关系
.
而且还可以与情态动词
will, would
连用<
/p>
,
不用于被动结构
.
The rich lady had the singer eat with
his servants.
I will have him come and
help you.
2). have
宾语
现在分词：表示让某人或物连续
进行某动作或处于某状态中
,
宾语和宾
补是一种主动关系
.
亦可转化为“劝说
,
鼓励”宾语干某事
.
The
two cheats had the lights burning all night long.
He had us waiting for him three hours
yesterday.
I have them all talking to
each other in English.
我鼓励他们用英语交谈
.
3).
have
宾语
过去分词：表示主语的主观意志
,
即主语让别人为自己完成
某事
,
宾语和
宾补是动宾关系
.
还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事
.
Tom said he had had his TV set
repaired.
Tom had his wallet stolen on
the bus yesterday.
“别人”在句中一
般不出现
,
这是它与结构
1)
的区别所在
.
试比较：
Have you washed your clothes?
你洗了衣服了吗
?(
自己洗
)
Have you had your clothes washed?
你叫人洗了衣服了吗
?(
别人洗
< br>)
4). have
宾语
形容词
/
副词
/
介词短语作宾补
Please
have your tickets ready.
The Emperor
had nothing on.
I am sure
I
’
ll have him in the
argument.
的用法
1). let
宾语
省
to
不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干
某事
,
宾语和宾补之
间是一种主动关系
,
罕用于被动语态
.
< br>有时也可指一种假设
.let
后不能接现在分词
,
过去
分词作宾补
.
Let them stay in the classroom and do
their exercises themselves.
Let AB be
equal to CD.
假设
AB
等于
CD.
2). let
宾语
副词
/
介词短语作宾补
Let me in
and let them out.
Who let you into the
building?
的用法
1).
make
宾语
省
to
不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事
,
宾语和宾补之
间是一种主动关系
.
此结构常用被动结构
.make
后不接现在分词作宾补
.
The teacher made the
naughty boy stand there for an hour.
The naughty boy was made to stand there
for an hour.
2).make
宾语
过去分词
,
此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词
.
He raised his voice to make himself
heard.
Can you easily make yourself
understood in English?
They will make
an important plan known to the public soon.
3). make
宾语
形容词
,
宾语亦可是从句
.
The news made her happy.
He made it clear that he objected to
the proposal.
let
用法三注意：
注意一：用作使役动词，表示“让”，其后接不定式的复合结构时，不定式不带
to
。
如：
Let me have a try.
我来试一试。
Let me pay
for myself.
让我自己来付我的那份钱。
If you want help, let me know, will
you?
如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗
?
注意二：用作宾语补足语的动词与副词连用时，若意思明确，往往省略动词而只保留副
< br>词。如：
Let him (come) in.
让他进来。
Let her
(pass) by.
让她过去。
注意三：
let
很少用于被动语态。在被动语态中可改用
allow
或其他表达。如：
After questioning he was allowed to go
home.
经过问讯后，他得到允许，可以回
家。
使役动词
make
用法注意：
1.
后接不定式的复合结构作宾语时，不定式不能带
to;
但是，若
make
为被动语态，则
不定式必须带
to
。如：
Though he had often made his little
sister cry, today he was made to cry by his
little sister.
虽然他曾经常把他小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了。
注意，若
make
不表示“使”，而表
示其他意思则情况不同，比如下面两句，
make
后的
不定式不是宾语补足语，而是目的状语：
We
make candles to give light.
我们做蜡烛照明。
He made
a box to put his money in.
他做了个盒子来装钱。
2.
其后除可接不带
to
的不定式作宾语补足语外
，还可以接以下成分：
(1)
接过去分词作宾语补足语。如：
He
tried to make his ideas known.
他设法让别人知道他的想法。
She
had to shout to make herself heard.
她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。
注意，其后通常不接现在分词作宾语补足语。如：
他让司机在外面等他。
误：
He made the driver waiting
for him outside.
正：
He had
the driver waiting for him outside.
(2)
接形容词作宾语补足语。如：
Have I made myself clear?
我的意思说清楚了吗
?
We
’
ll do our best
to make you happy.
我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。
(3)
接介词短语作宾语补足语。如：
Sit down and make yourself at home.
请坐，不要拘束。
使役动词后不定式
符号
to
的省略问题：
第一种情况：当不定式用于
let, make, have<
/p>
等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式必
须省略
< br>to
。如：
Let me
give you a piece of advice.
让我给你一个忠告。
He had
his son clean the car.
他叫他的儿子擦车。
They
made me repeat the whole story.
他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。
但
是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式则必须要带
to
。如：
虽然他以前经常把他小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了。
误：
Though he had often made
his little sister cry, today he was made cry by
his little sister.
正：
Though he had often made
his little sister cry, today he was made to cry
by his little sister.
注意，表示使
役意义的
let
和
have
很少用于被动语态。
第二种情况：表示“使”“迫使”的
force, get,
oblige
等动词后接不定式作宾语补
足语时，不定式必须带
to(
不能省略
)
。如：
They forced her to
sign the paper.
他们强迫她在文件上签字。
The police obliged him to leave.
警方强迫他离开。
Once she
has decided on doing it, you
won
’
t get her to change her
mind.
旦她下决心干，你就别想使她改变主意。
一
使役动
词习题
50
道
1
、
Her father
makes himself ________ longer hours ________ the
big family
．
work; to raise
work; raise
; to raise
; raise
2
、
The foreigner
spoke very slowly and tried to make himself
________
．
tand
tanding
tood
understand
3
、
Mrs
Smith made her pupils ________ the text every
morning
．
read
g
reading
4
、
We must have an
engineer ________ the workers build the
house
．
see
5
、
The woman let
her daughter the clothes by herself.
C. to
wash
g
6
、
Danny did all
kinds of things to make the baby .
stop crying
crying
stop to cry
to cry
7
、
--We all like
Miss Wang.
—
I agree with
always makes her English
classes
.
sting
st
sted
sts
8. I
will go to have my car _____ .
A.
repair
B. repaired
C.
repairing
D. to repair
9
.My bike was broken.
I’ll
my bike repaired this
afternoon.
D. have
father me to finish my
homework.
A.
got
B. let
C. have
D. make
11.---
What’s wrong
with
Tom?
---Poor guy! He
had his wallet at the station.
B. stole
D.
to steal
12.---Lily, do you want to go
with me to watch the
Furious 7?
---
I’d
love to.
It will definitely make me .
B. excited
C. exciting
D. to excite
13.---
I’m really sorry to
have kept you
for so long.
---
It doesn’t matter. Forget
it.
ng
B. wait
C. to wait
D. waited
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