-
英语复习小结
一、
名
词：
有可数名词和不可数名词。
1
、可数名词有单数、复数之分，
名词复数形式的构成规则：
(1)
一般在名词词尾加“
s
‖
如：
teacher
—<
/p>
teacher
s
egg---
egg
s
(2)
以
s, x, sh,
ch
结尾的名词加
es
如
class---classes
box--
boxes
bus
--buses
watch--watches
(3)
以辅音字母
+y
的名词变
y
为
i
再加
es
如：
story
---stor
ies
library---
librar
ies
,
dictionary----
dictionar
ies
hobby---
hobb
ies
(4)
以
f, fe
结尾的名词，变
f, fe
为
v
加
es
如：
life
---li
ves
leaf
---lea
ves
half---
hal
ves
knife---
kni
ves
wolf-
wol
ves
wife---
wi
ves
(5)
以
o
结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加
es
hero---hero
es
mango---
mango
es
potato---
potato
es
tomato---
tomato
es
其
余
加
s
（
目
前
所
学
的
词
）
zoo---
zoos
kilo---kilos
radio
—
radios
photo---
photos
piano--
pianos
(6)
不规则名词单复数形式
如：
child
—
children
woman --- women
man ---men
foot---feet
tooth---teeth
有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如
Japanese
，
Chinese
，
sheep,
如：
I have one
sheep. He has two sheep.
2
、不可数名词没有复数形式
不可数名词有：
(1)milk, water,
juice, tea, ice;
(2) food, rice, meat,
fish, chicken, bread, cheese
(3) paper, newspaper , hair, time,
money, homework,
housework
不可数名词的数量常表示如下
two bottles of milk
a
cup of juice
half a
kilo of cheese
a bag of rice
three kilos of meat
some
water
二、人称代词
人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语，宾
格用于动词或介词后作
宾语。
主
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
格
宾
me
us
you
him
her
it
them
格
我
我
你
,
他
她
它
他们
们
你
们
We
are going to have a
picnic.
Let
us
go.
I
miss
everyone
in
China.
Who
can
help
me
?
What
is
he
doing?
He
is
trying
to
get
on
the
bus.
Look at
him
.
She
can
’
t hear.
This dog helps
her
.
Tell
me
more
about the Great Wall.
三．物主代词
物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代
词。
形容词性物主代词后需跟名词，名词性物主代词后
不用跟。
名词性物主代词含义
=<
/p>
形容词性物主代词
+
名词
的
含义
1
形
my
our
your
his
her
its
their
容
词
性
物
主
代
词
名
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
词
性
物
主
代
词
我的
我
你<
/p>
他
她
它
他
们
们
的
，
的
的
的
的
的
你
们
的
This is
my
book
. = This
book is
mine
.
This is
his bag
.
= This bag is
his
.
Your
watch
is old, but
hers
is new.
Thanksgiving is
my
favourite festival.
We
say
―
Thank
you
‖
for
our
food, family and friends.
四、
疑问词
who
谁
what
什么
when
什么时候
what time
几点
where
哪
里
why
为
什
么
how
怎
样
how much
多少
how
many
多
少
how
old
多
大
whose
谁的
what colour
什么颜色
how long
多长
1.
对人物提问用
who
Who gave it to you?
Simon
’
s family
gave it
to me.
Who can help
me?
I can help you.
2.
对事物或做某事提问用
what
What
do
you
want?
I
want
a
hot
dog.
What are you doing?
I am reading a
book.
What
are
you
going
to
study?
I
’
m
going
to
study
English.
What are
you going
to do?
We
’
re
going to
walk around the lake.
What
’
s
it
about?
It
’
s
about
animals.
3.
对时间提问用
when
When
are
you
going
to
eat?
We
’
re
going
to
eat at
half past twelve.
When
was
he
born?
He
was
born
in
1809.
4.
对点钟提问用
what time
What time is it?
It
’
s twelve.
What
time
do
you
get
up?
I
get
up
at
six
o
’
clock.
5.
对地点提问用
where
Where
was
he
born?
He
was
born
in
France.
Where
are you?
I
am on the train.
Where
’
s
your
mum?
She
’
s
at
the
supermarket.
6.
对原因提问用
why
Why
are
you
wearing
a
raincoat?
Because
it
’
s going to
rain.
7.
对身体状况或方式提问用
how
How are you?
I
’
m
fine.
2
How are you
going to go to school?
I
’
m going to go
to school by bus.
8.
对价钱或不可数名词的数量提问用
how much
How
much
is
it?
It
’
s
thirteen
dollars
and
twenty-five cents.
How
much
milk
do
you
want?
I
want
two
bottles of milk.
9.
对可数名词的数量提问用
how
many
How many books are there on the
desk?
There are three books on the
desk.
10.
对年龄提问用
how old
How old are you?
I
’
m twelve.
11.
对“某人的”提问用
whose
Whose cap is this?
It
’
s
Amy
’
s cap.
Whose
pen is that?
It
’
s his pen.
12.
对颜色提问用
what
colour
What colour is it?
It
’
s black.
13.
对星期提问用
what day
What day is it today?
It
’
s Monday.
14.
How long is it?
It
’
s about six
thousand seven hundred kilometers.
特殊疑问句语序：
疑问词
+
一般疑问句语序？
例：
How do you go to school?
疑问词（做主语）
+
谓语动词
+
……
?
例：
Who gave it to you?
五．时态
1.
一般过去时
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存
在的状态。
经常与表示过去的时间连用。如
yesterday
（昨
天）
, last
week
（上周）
, last
month
（上个月）
, last
year
（去年）
, two
months ago
（两个月前）等。
构成：
(1)
肯定句：主语
+
动词过去式
+
……
He
made
a video.
否定句：主语
+didn't
+
动词原形
+
……
He
didn
’
t
make
a video.
一般疑问句：
Did +
主语
+
动词原形
+
……
.?
Did
he
make
a video?
(2)
be
动词用
was,
were
.
否定句在
was,
were
后加
not.
一般疑问句把
was,
were
提前到句首。
She
was
born in America.
She
was not
born in America.
Was she born in America?
2.
现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作
构成：主语
+am /is / are+
< br>现在分词
+
……
The birds
are singing
in the trees.
否定句在
am /is /
are
后加
not.
The birds
are
not singing
in the trees.
一般疑问句把
am /is /
are
提前到句首。
Are
the birds
singing
in the trees?
3.
一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或
存在的状态。
经常与表示将来的时间连用。如
tomorrow
(
明天
),
next week
（下周）
,
next year
（明年）等。
构成：
(1)
主语
+ will +
动词原形
+
……
He
will
pick
up the apples.
否定句在
will
后加
not.
He
will not pick
up the apples.
一般疑问句把
will
提前到句首。<
/p>
Will
he
pick
up the apples?
(2)
主语
+ be going
to +
动词原形
+
……
We
are going to
study
French.
否定句在
am /is /
are
后加
not.
We
are not going
to study
French.
一般疑问句把
am
/is
/
are
提前到句
3
首。
Are
you
going to study
French?
4.
一般现在时
表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
< br>构成：
（
1
）主语
+am /is / are
+……
否定句在
am /is /
are
后加
not.
一般疑问
句把
am /is /
are
提前到句首。
Helen
Keller
is
a
model
for
blind
people
and
for you and me.
(2)
肯定句：主语
+
动词原形
+
……
The ducks
like
it.
否定句：主语
+don't
+
动词原形
+
……
The ducks
don
’
t
like
it.
一
般
疑
问
句
：
Do
+
主
语
+
动
词
原
形
+
……
.?
Do
the ducks
like
it?
(3)
肯定句：主语
(
三单
)
+
动词第三人称单数
形式
+
……
He
likes
noodles.
否定句：主语
+doesn't
+
动词原形
+
……
He
doesn
’
t
like
noodles.
一
般
疑
问
句
：
Does
+
主
语
+
动
词原形
+
……
.?
Does
he
like
noodles
六．动词过去式形式
规则动词的过去式构成
1.
一般在动词词尾加
ed
如：
work --- worked
play---played
watch--
watched
2.
以
e
结尾动词在词尾加
d
如：
live --- lived
3.
以辅音字母
+ y
< br>结尾的动词，
把
y
变为
i
再加
ed
如：
study
---studied
copy---copied
cry---cried
carry---carried
4.
有些动词双写最后一个字母再加
ed
，
如：
stop ---stopped
drop--- dropped
5
、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加
记忆。
动词原形
动词过去式
动词原形
动词过去式
go
went
come
came
become
became
bring
brought
say
said
put
put
teach
taught
can
could
read
read
give
gave
am/is
was
are
were
do
did
fly
flew
have
had
make
made
run
ran
see
saw
ride
rode
win
won
get
got
tell
told
eat
ate
send
sent
take
took
buy
bought
sit
sat
meet
met
write
wrote
draw
drew
swim
swam
fly
flew
rink
drank
give
gave
ring
rang
fall
fell
七．动词
ing
形式也是现在分词形式
现在分词的构成规则
1.
一般在动词词尾直接加“
ing
”
sleep---sleeping
look
---looking
wear---wearing
send---sending
eat---eating
sing---singing
go---going
jump---jumping
4
play---playing
2.
以不发音的
e
结尾的动词要去掉
e
再加上
“
ing
”
We
can
’
t
go
now.
I
can
’
t
write
Chinese.
I
can
’
t
carry
everything.
His
friends
can
’
t
write---writing
come---coming
hear
him.
ride---riding
have---having
shine---shining
She
couldn
’
t see and she
couldn
’
t hear.
make---making
一般疑问句把
can,
could
提前到句首。
take
---taking
Can
you swim?
Yes, I can. / No, I
can
’
t.
close--
closing
3.
有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“
ing
”
get
---getting
put---putting
sit
---sitting
run---running
swim---swimming
skip---skipping
shop---shopping
八．动词第三人称单数形式
动词第三人称单数的构成规则
1
．大多数动词在词尾加
“S”
.
stop
－
stops
make
－
makes
read
－
reads
play
－
plays
say [sei]
－
says
[sez]
2
．以辅音字母加
“y”
结尾的，要先将
“y”
变为
“i”
，然
后在加
“es
”
fly
－
flies
carry
－
carries
study
－
studies
worry
－
worries
3
．以
“s, x,
sh
，
ch, o
”
< br>结尾，在词尾加
“es”
.
teach
－
teaches
watch
－
watches
go
—
goes
do-- does
九、情态动词
can
过去式
could
后加动词原形
I
can
write English.
I
can
carry
this
bag.
I
can
help
you.
We
can
always
be
friends.
Later
she
could
read and write.
否定句在
can,
could
后加
not
can
not = can
’
t
could not =
couldn
’
t
Can
you
speak
English?
Can
I
write
to
your friends?
Can you be my Chinese pen friend?
Yes, of
course.
十．反义词
big---
small
long---
short
new---
old
tall--- short
young---
old
heavy---
light
easy---
hard/
difficult
up---
down
early---late
fat---
thin
white--- black
cry---
laugh
different
---
same
inside---outside
hot---cold
happy
---sad
good---bad
clean---dirty
bring---take
this---that
these---those
always---never
woman---man
十一、同音词
for---
four
son---
sun
hour---
our
too--
two
right---
write
eye
---
I
aren
’
t---
aunt
sent---cent
where---
wear
their---
there
by---
buy
see---sea
十二
.
、近义词
5
good--- well
study --- learn
十三、缩写形式与完全形式
饮料：
milk
牛
奶
tea
茶
orange
< br>juice
橙
汁
coffee
咖啡
I
am
=
I
’
m
he
is
=
he
’
s
she
is
=
she
’
s
cola
可乐
water
水
juice
果汁
it is = it
’
s
颜色：
that
is
=
that
’
s
what
is
=
what
’
s
red
红色的
green
绿色的
yellow
黄色的
black
let us =
let
’
s
we
are
=
we
’
re
they
are
=
they
’
re
you are=
you
’
re
can
not=
can
’
t
could
not
=
couldn
’
t
should
not
=
shouldn
’
t
will
not
=
won
’
t
I
’
ll = I will
we
’
ll = we will
do
not
=
don
’
t
does
not
=
doesn
’
t
did not =
didn
’
t
it has got
= it
’
s got
I have got =
I
’
ve got
have not
= haven
’
t
has not =
hasn
’
t
are not =
aren
’
t
is not =
isn
’
t
十四、小学英语分类单词和词组
天气：
rain
下雨
snow
下雪
rainy
有雨的
snowy
有雪的
hot
炎热的
cold
寒冷的
warm
温暖的
cool
凉爽的
windy
有风的
sunny
晴朗的
食物：
hamburger
汉堡
hot
dog
热狗
sandwich
三明治
chip
薯条
chicken
鸡肉
fish
鱼肉
meat
肉
noodles
面条
rice
大米
soup
汤
cake
蛋
糕
bread
面
包
cheese
奶酪
vegetable
蔬
菜
fruit
水
果
sausage
< br>香
肠
biscuit
饼干
sweets
糖果
ice
cream
冰激凌
peanut
花生
黑色的
white
白色的
orange
橙色的
blue
蓝色
的
purple
紫色的
pink
粉红色的
星期：
Monday
星期一
Tuesday
星期二
Wednesday
星期
三
Thursday
星期四
Friday
星期五
Saturday
星期六
Sunday
星期日
月份：
January
一月
February
二月
March
三月
April
四月
May
五月
June
六月
July
七月
August
八月
September
九月
October
十月
November
十一月
December
十二月
季节：
spring
春天
summer
夏天
autumn
秋天
winter
冬天
数字：
one
一
two
二
three
三
four
四
five
五
six
六
seven
七
eight
八
nine
九
ten
十
eleven
十
一
twelve
十二
thirteen
十三
fourteen
十四
fifteen
十五
sixteen
十六
seventeen
十七
eighteen
十八
nineteen
十九
twenty
二十
thirty
三十
forty
四十
fifty
五十
sixty
六十
seventy
七十
eighty
八十
ninety
九十
one hundred
一百
one
thousand
一千
one million
一百万
6
衣服：
T-shirt
T
恤衫
dress
裙子
sweater
毛衣
trousers
裤子
skirt
短裙
sock
袜子
shoe
鞋
coat
外套，
上衣
动物：
Bridge
伦敦桥
the
British
Museum
大
英
< br>博
物
馆
the
London Eye
伦敦眼
the
Great
Wall
长城
the
Summer
Palace
颐和园
the
Changjiang
River
长江
the
West
Lake
西湖
cat
猫
dog
狗
monkey
猴
panda
熊猫
the Huangshan
Mountain
黄山
elephant
大象
tiger
老虎
lion
狮子
pig
猪
chameleon
变色
龙
snake
蛇
mouse
老
鼠
bear
熊
kangaroo
袋鼠
frog
青蛙
parrot
鹦鹉
bird
鸟
owl
猫头鹰
cam
el
骆
驼
家庭成员：
grandmother
奶
奶
grandfather
爷
爷
grandparents
祖父母
mother
妈
妈
father
爸
爸
parents
父母亲
brother
兄弟
sister
姐妹
uncle
叔，伯，舅
aunt
阿姨
cousin
表兄弟
学科：
Chinese
语文
English
英语
Math
数学
PE
体育
Art
艺术
Science
科学
Physics
物理
Chemistry
化
学
History
历史
Geography
地理
节日：
Flag
< br>Day
国
旗
日
< br>
Thanksgiving
Day
感
恩
节
Halloween
万
圣
节
Easter
Festival
复<
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活
节
Christmas
圣诞节
Spring Festival
春节
Lantern
Festival
元宵
节
Dragon Boat
Festival
端午节
Mid-Autumn
Festival
中秋节
名胜景点：
Big
Ben
大本钟
the River
Thames
泰晤士河
Hyde
Park
海德公园
Tower
Bridge
塔桥
the
London
The Ming
Tombs
明十三陵
Mount
Qomolangma
珠
穆朗玛峰
球类
：
play
football
踢足球
play
basketball
打篮球
play
baseball
打棒球
play
table
tennis
打乒乓球
play
volleyball
打排球
棋类：
play chess
下象棋
乐器：
play
the
guitar
弹吉他
play
the
drums
敲鼓
play
the
zither
弹吉他
play
the
piano
弹钢琴
play
the
flute
吹笛子
play the
trumpet
吹小号
体育运动：
have
a
Sports
Day
举
行
运
动
会
do
morning
exercises
做早操
do
Taijiquan
打太极拳
do
the
high
jump
跳远
do
the
long
jump
跳高
run
the
100
meters
跑一百米
run
fast
跑得快
jump
high
跳高
jump
long
跳远
swim
游泳
go
swimming
去游泳
skip
跳绳
control the
ball
控制球
catch the ball
接球
row a
boat
划船
生日
：
Happy
Birthday!
生日快乐
make
a
birthday
card
制作生日卡片
have a birthday
party
举办生日派对
have
a great birthday
过愉快的生日
交通工具：
by bus
乘公共汽车
by
car
乘小汽车
by
bike
骑自
行车
by
plane
乘飞机
by ship
乘轮船
by
train
坐
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