-
1. as
…
as
和……一样
中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如:
This classroom is as big as
that one.
这间教室和那间一样大。
He runs as fast as Tom.
他和汤姆跑的一样快。
否定结构:
not as/so
…
p>
as,
“不如……”。上面的两个句子可分别改为:
This classroom is not
as/so large as that one.
这间教室不如那间大。
He doesn
’
t run
as/so fast as Tom.
他跑得不如汤姆快。
2. as soon as
一……就……
用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。例如:
I
’
ll
tell him the plan as soon as I see him.
我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。
He
’
ll go home as
soon as he finishes his work.
他一完成工作就回家。
3.
be
busy/enjoy/hate/go
on/finish
doing
sth.
忙于
/
喜欢
/
讨厌
/
继续
/
完成做某事<
/p>
在
enjoy, finish, hate, go on,
be busy
等词语后,一般用动词
-ing
形式作宾
语。例如:
Lin Tao is busy making a model
plane.
林涛正忙着做飞机模型。
My mother enjoys taking a walk after
supper.
我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。
I hate watching Channel
Five.
我讨厌看五频道。
When someone asked him to
have a rest, he just went on working.
当有人让他休息一会儿时,他仍继续工作。
I have finished writing the
story.
我已经写完了故事。
4.
fill
…
with
用……装满
p>
......
;
be filled with
充满了……;
be full of
充
满了
......
①
be filled with
说明由外界事物造成的此种状态,表示被动。例如:
The box is filled with
food.
盒子里装满了食物。
②
be
full
of
说明主语处于的状态。
此外,还可表示程度,意为“非常”。例
如:
The
patient
’
s room is full of
flowers.
那个病人的房间摆满了花。
The young man is full of
pride.
那个年轻人非常骄傲。
③这两种结构还可以相互改写。例如:
I fill the box with food.
The box is full of food.
5. be good/bad for
有利于
/
有害于……
此句型是:
be+adj.+for+n.
结构
。例如:
Doing
morning exercises is good for your
health.
做早操对你的健康有益。
Always playing computer games is bad
for your study.
总玩电脑游戏对你的学习不利。
6. be used to(doing) sth.
习惯于……
后
必
须
接
名
词
或
动
名
p>
词
,
可
用
于
现
在
、
过
去
、
将
< br>来
的
多
种
时
态
。
be
可
用
get,become
来代替。
例如:
He is used to life in the country.(He
is used to living in the country.)
他习惯于乡村生活。
He will get used to getting up
early.
他将会习惯于早起。
注意:
be used to do
的意思是“被用来做……”。例如:
Wood is used to make paper.
木材被用来造纸。
7. both
…
and
…两者都……
用来连接
两个并列成分
;
当连接两个并列主语时,其后谓语动词用复数。
例如:
Both
the
students
and
the
teachers
will
go
to
the
History
Museum
tomorrow.
不论老师还是学生明天都会去历史博物馆。
8.
can
’
t help doing sth.
禁不住做某事
help
在此的意思是“抑制
,
忍
住”,其后接动词
-ing
形式。例如:
His joke is too funny. We
can
’
t help
laughing.
他的笑话太有趣了,我们禁不止笑了起来。
9. sth. costs sb. some
money
某物花费某人多少钱
此句型的主语是物。
cost
一词带的
是双宾语,它的过去式、过去分词和原型一
样。
This book cost me five
yuan.
这本书花了我五元钱。
10. either
…
or
…
不是……就是…
…
,
或者……或者……
用来连接两个并列成分,
当连接并列
主语时,
谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。
You may either stay here or
go home.
你可以呆在这儿,也可以回家。
Either she or I am right. = Either I or
she is right.
不是她对就是我对。
11. enough (for sb.) to do sth.
足够……做……
< br>在此结构中
,for
用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
The ice
isn
’
t thick enough for you
to walk on.
这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面走的程度。
12. feel like doing sth.
想要做……
此处
like
为介词,后面跟动词
-
ing
形式。此句型与
would
like
to
do
sth.
同
义。例如:
I feel like drinking a cup
of milk.
我想喝一杯牛奶。
13. feel/find/think it
adj./n. to do sth.
认为某事……
在此结构中
it
为形式宾语,不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如:
I find it very interesting to play
football.
我发现踢足球很有趣。
She thinks it her duty to help
us.
她认为帮助我们是她的职责。
14. get ready
for sth./to do sth.
get ready for
sth.
意为“为某事做准备”;
get ready to
do
sth.
意为“准备
做某事”例如:
We are getting ready for
the meeting.
我们正在为会议做准备。
They were getting ready to have a
sports meet at that moment.
他们那时正准备开运动会。
15. get/receive/have a letter from
收到……的来信,相当于
hear
from
Did you
receive a letter from John?
你收到约翰的来信了吗
?
I got a letter from my
brother yesterday.
我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。
16. had better (not) do sth.
最好
(
别
)
做某事
had
better
为情态动词,其后需用动词原形。
had
better
常用缩写,变成’
d
b
etter
,其否定形式是在其后直接加
not
。例如:
We had
better go now. = We
’
d better
go now.
我们最好现在走吧。
You
’
d
better not go out because it is windy.
今天刮风,你最好别出去了。
17. have sth. done
使
< br>(
某事
)
完成
< br>
(
动作由别人完成
)
sth.
为宾语,
done
为过去分词作补语。例如:
We had the machine
repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了。
注意区分:
We have
repaired the machine.
我们
(
自己
)
已经修好了机器。
18. help sb. (to)
do
sth./with sth.
帮助某人
(
做
)
某事,其中的
to
可以省
略。例如
:
I often help
my mother with housework.
我常常帮助妈妈做家务。
Would you please help me (to) look up
these words?
请你帮助我查查这些词好吗
?
19. How do you
like
……
?
你认为……怎么样<
/p>
?
与
what do you
think of
…
?
同义。
例如:
How do you like the weather in
Beijing?
你认为北京的天气怎么样
?
你觉得这部新电影如何
?
20. I
don
’
t think/believe
that
…
我认我
< br>/
相信……不……
其中的
not
是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主
句否定
(
否定前移
)
< br>。
that
可省略。
例如:
p>
I
don
’
t think it will
rain.
我认为天不会下雨。
I
don
’
t believe the girl will
come.
我相信那女孩不会来了。
21. It happens
that
…
碰巧……
相当于
happen to
do
,例如:
It happened that I heard their
secret.
可改写为:
I happened to hear their
secret.
我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。
22. It
’
s/has been
+
一段时间
+since
从句
自从某时起做某件事情已经一段
时间了
该句型中
since
引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如:
It
’
s twenty years
since he came here.
他来这里已经
p>
20
年了。
It has been six years since he married
Mary.
他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。
23. It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth.
做某事对某人来说……
It
是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式
to do
sth
。例如:
It
’
s not easy for
us to study English well.
对我们来说学好英语并不容易。
It
’
s a good idea
for us to travel to the south.
去南方旅行对我们来说是个好主意。
24. It
’
s + adj. +
of sb. to do sth.
It
是形式主语,
to do
sth.
是真正的主语
,
当表语
p>
(
即形容词
)
能对
逻辑主语描述
时,常用介词
of,
而不
用
for
。例如:
It
’
s
very polite of you to give your seat to old
people.
你给老人让座,非常有礼貌。
25. It seems/appears
(
to
sb
)
that
…
(
在某人看来
)
好像……
此句中的
it
是主语,
that
引导的是表语从句。例如:<
/p>
It seems that he
is lying.
看样子他好像是在撒谎。
It appears to me that he never smiles.
在我看来,他从来没有笑过。
26.
It
is
+
数词
+metres/kilometers
long/wide
…
……是多少米
(
公里
)
p>
长
(
宽
)
用来表示物体的长
(
宽
,
高
)<
/p>
,如数词大于一,名词要用复数。例如:
It is 20 metres long from
this end to that end.
从这端到那端有二十米长。
27. It
’
s time for
sb. to do sth.
是某人干某事的时候了
it
是形式主语,真正的主语是动词
不定式
to do sth.
例如:
It
’
s
time for the child to go to bed.
孩子该睡觉了。
比较下面两种结构:
①
It
’
s time for +
n.
例如:
It
’
s time for
school.
②
It
’
s
time to do sth.
例如:
It
’
s time to go
to school.
28.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
花费某人多少时间做某事
it
是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式
to
do sth
。例如:
It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to
the bus stop from here.
从这儿走
着到公交车站将花费她
15
分钟。
It took the old man three
days to finish the work.
那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。
29. keep (on) doing sth.
一直坚持做某事
keep doing
sth.
一般用于静态动词。
keep on doing s
th.
意为“继续不停地做
某事”,一般用于动态动词,但二者
的区别并不是很严格,有时可以互换。例
如:
Don
’
t
keep on doing such foolish things.
不要再做这样的傻事了。
He kept sitting there all
day.
他整天坐在那里。
30.
keep
…
from doing sth.
阻止
......
做某事
相当于
stop
…
from doing sth.,
prevent
…
from doing sth.
在主动句中,
stop
和
prevent
后面的
from
可以
省略,但在被动结构中,
from
不可以省略。例
如:
Please
keep the children from swimming in the
sea.
请别让孩子到海里游泳。
The big noise outside my
room stopped me from doing my homework.
屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作业。
31. keep sb. doing sth.
让某人一直做某事
不可和
keep doing
sth.
结构混淆。例如:
Why do you keep me waiting for a long
time?
你为什么让我等了很长时间
?
32. make sb. do sth.
使某人干某事
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