-
常用介词的原始概念及部分引申意义
1.
about
表示地点：
“在
……
周围，在各处，在
……
附近”
Don
’
t
throw waste paper about.
W
e took the
foreign friend about the garden.
表示时间、程度：
“大约，近于
……
”
The tree is about 10 meters
tall.
The bus will leave at about 8:30.
表示客体关系：
“对于，关于，有关
……
”
What do you
talk about the subject?
What is she so happy
about
？
2.
above
表示位置，职业，数量，年龄等：
“在
……
上方，在
……
之
上，超过
……
”
The temperature is above
8
℃
today.
There
is
a
map
of
China
above
the
blackboard.
A bird is flying above the woods.
引申义：表示品质，
行为能力等方面“超过，
超出
……
之外”
；
“因<
/p>
……
太
……
（难
好）而不
……
”
The problem is above me.
Jim is above all the other
boys in his class.
反义词
below
用法基本相同。
3.
at
表示时间：
“在
……
（时刻、钟点、岁
数）等
The meeting will begin at 9:00
tomorrow
.
表示地点：
“在
……
（指小地方）
at
the food of the hill
at NO.248 in/on
Guangming Road
表示动作方向：
“针对
……
，朝
……
，向
……
”
He threw a stone at the
window
.
Look at
point at
表示状态：
“在
……
之中”
at
work
at
meeting
at
desk
at
table
表示原因：
He was
surprised at my words.
They
were sad at hearing the mews.
He was
glad at what her brother had said.
4.
after
表示时
间和空间：
“在
……
之后”
He
goes on working day after day.
Don
’
t work at
once after meals.
After you!
你先请
引申意
义：
“追求
……
”
Who is he
after?
他在追求谁？
5agaist
：
“反对
……
，违背
……
”
The man is standing against the wall.
W
e will have
match against Class3 tomorrow
.
表示时
间：
“在
……
之前、以前”
the day before
yesterday
表示位置：
“在
……
前面、当着
< br>……
的面”
There is a chair before the bed.
：
“沿着
/
顺着
……
”
W
alk along the road and you
will find the cinema.
8among
：
among:
在
……
之中，
between
：在
……
（两者）之间
：
表示地点，位置：在
……
背后，
在
……
后面
There is a tree behind my house.
表示时间：迟于、晚于、落后于
……
His ideas are
behind the times.
在
……
旁
<
/p>
边，在
……
附近
The
man who is standing beside my father is my uncle.
There is a beautiful park beside the
hotel.
s
except
but
用法区别
Besides
表示“除
……
之外还有
……
”
；<
/p>
except
和
but
近
义，
表示
“除
……
之外没有
……
”
Besides
the Spring
Festival
,Mid-autumn
Day
is
also
an
important traditional
festival in China.
This
morning
nobody
was
late
for
school
except
Tim.(Tim was late for school)
表示地点：在
……
旁边，在
……
身边
Come and sit by me !
There is a house by the
river.
表示方式，手段：
“靠，用，
通过
……
”
He usually goes to school
by
bus. (by bike ,by
car ,
by
air , by ship , by boat
…)
表示时间：到
……
为止（常用于完成时态中）
By the end
of this year, we have planted more than two
thousand trees.
The
meeting
had
been
on
for
ten
minutes
by
the
time
I
got there.
表示动作方向，位置：经过，沿着
……
I go by his office every morning.
They went on by the hill-road.
沿着
……
向下（副词：朝下，向下）
fall
down , get down , go down the street
在
……
期间
Father
Christmas
will
come
during
the
night
before
Christmas
表示行为目的，对象：
为
……
，
替
（代）
……
，
对于
……
you can have a rest , I will do it for
you.
W
e eat for living , but
living is not for eating.
I went
shopping for mother last Sunday.
“限定于
……
，供
……<
/p>
用的”