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机械英语_挖掘机.doc

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2021-02-09 03:26
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2021年2月9日发(作者:尺寸检测)


Hydraulic Excavators


液压挖掘机




7



1



Overview


概述








7.1.1 Basic Concept


.


基本概念



An excavator is an engineering vehicle consisting of an articulated arm (boom, stick), bucket


and


cab


mounted


on


a


pivot


(a


rotating


platform)


atop


an


undercarriage


with


tracks


or


wheels.


Their design is a natural progression from the steam shovel.


挖掘机是一种由铰接臂杆(动臂和斗 杆)


、铲斗和安装于履带或轮式底盘上的转盘(一


种旋转平台) 所组成的工程机械(车辆)


。挖掘机是在蒸汽铲的基础上自然发展起来的。



The


history


of


heavy


excavating


machinery


began


in


1835


when


the


dipper


shovel


was


invented


to


excavate


hard


soil


and


rock


and


to


load


trucks.


Of


course,


with


the


invention


of


gasoline-and diesel-powered vehicles, construction equipment became even more adaptable. Most


construction equipment is powered by diesel engines, although electric-power, battery power, and


propane tanks are used on specialized equipment.


重型挖掘机的历史 始于


1835


年,当时发明了拉铲式挖掘机用于开挖坚硬的土石 方及装


载卡车。当然,


随着汽油机和柴油机车辆的发明,


工程机械也变得越来越适用。虽然在一些


专用设备上使用了电力驱动、


蓄电池驱动和丙烷气罐,


然而大多数工程机械仍然依靠柴油机< /p>


驱动。



Design


modifications


are


driven


by


customer


demand.


As


of


2000,


the


two


primary


areas


where


customers


would


like


to


see


more


improvements


are


in


the


ease


of


operation


and


the


operator's comfort. The need for simple operation is forced by the fact that there are fewer skilled


operators


in


the


marketplace.


And


operations


and


reliability


are


both


improving


because


of


the


continuing


integration


of


electronics,


automation,


better


engine


technology,


and


on-board


diagnostics. It is now up to the manufacturers to cost-effectively incorporate improvements.


客户要求推动着设计的改进。 自从


2000


年以来,客户所期望改进的两个主要方面为操


作方便性和操作舒适性。


操作简单的要求迫于在市场中很难找到熟练 操作人员的事实。


由于


电子技术、


自动 化、


高性能发动机技术、


在线诊断技术的不断集成,操作性和可 靠性均得到


了不断的改进。目前,制造商在进行各种成本效益方面的改进。



7.1.2



Applications


应用






1
















3


















5






7
































2
















4






6


















8










































9
































10









11

































12









13

































14



1. digging and loading


挖掘装载;


2.



stonework


石方工程;


3.



mining engineering


采 掘工程;


4.



port operation


港口作业;


5.



trench excavation


开挖坑槽;


6.


t


ake down old buildings


建筑拆


除;


7.



rock breaking


岩石破碎;


8.



under water operation


水下作业;


9.



pipe laying


铺设管道;


10.



hoisting heavy object


起吊重物;


11.



breaking pavement


破碎路面;


12.



clear up side slope


< br>理边坡;


13.



watercourse clearance


疏通水道;


14.



removal treatment


清理作业



7.1.3 Types


类型











1





























2











3



4











5
































6




















7


































8








9



































10












11



































12



1.



mini


type


excavator


微型挖掘机;



type


excavator


小型挖掘机;



type


excavator


中型挖掘机;


type excavator


大型挖掘机;


5.



wheel excavator


轮式挖掘机;


6.


large type shovel



face excavator



大型正铲挖掘机;


7. Ultra high demolition hydraulic excavator


超高层建筑物拆除液 压挖掘机;


8.



river


channel


dredging


excavator


河道疏浚挖掘机;


9.


telescopic


boom


e xcavator


伸缩臂式挖掘机;


10.


wetlands



excav ator


湿地挖掘机;


11.


wheel


backhoe loader


轮式挖掘装载机;


12.



radio controlled excavator


无线控制型挖掘机



7.2 Components



and Features


组成与特点



7.2.1



Overall Structure


总体结构




1. diesel engine and hydraulic system


柴油机及液压系统;


arriage


行走支 承机构;


3.


swing


mech anism


回转机构;


4.



work


equipment


as sembly


工作装置总成;


5.



steering


and


operating system


转向操纵系统



7.2.2 Major Components


主要部件



7.2.2.1 Diesel Engine and Hydraulic System


柴油机及液压系统




1. diesel engine


柴油机;


2. hydraulic pump


液压泵



7.2.2.2 Undercarriage


行走支承机构




1. main frame


主机架;


2. track


履带;


3. track idler


导向轮;


4. track frame


履带台车架;


5. final drive(driving motor and drive sprocket)


最终传动装置(液压马达与驱动链轮)



7.2.2.3 Work Equipment Assembly


工作装置总成




1. bucket


铲斗;


2. bucket linkage


铲斗连接件;


3. bucket cylinder


铲斗油缸;


4. arm


斗杆;


5. arm cylinder


斗杆油缸;


6. boom


动臂;


7. hydraulic pipeline


液压管路;


cylinder



臂油缸;


9. bucket lip


斗齿



7.2.2.4 General Purpose Bucket


通用铲斗




-torsion pipe fitted for increased strength


抗扭增强钢管;


piece side plates


两边


侧板;


3. wear straps fitted to increase base strength


斗底增强耐磨板条;


4. cutting edge


切削刃



7.2.2.5 Steering and Operating System


转向操纵系统




1.


driver’s Seat


驾驶员座椅;


2.



arm rest


扶手;


3.



joystick control


操纵控制手柄;


4.



control


pedal


操纵踏板;


5. travel lever


行走操纵杆;


6.



monitor


工况监视器;


7.

< p>



console


仪表控制台



7.2.3 General Arrangement of Large Type Excavator


大型挖掘机总体布置




1. engines


发动机;


2. PTO


分动箱;


3. hydraulic pumps


液压泵;


4. hydraulic tank


液压油箱;


5. oil coolers


液压油冷却器;


6. control valves


控制阀;


7. swing motors


回转马达;


8. swivel joint


旋转接头;


9. fuel tank


燃油箱;


10. radiators


散热器;


11. air cleaners


空气滤清器;


12. hydraulic


filters


液压过滤器;


13. operator cab


驾驶室;


14. walkways


行走通道



7.2.4 Typical Hydraulic System


典型液压系统




1.



hydraulic pump


液压泵;


2



4.



distributing valve



group


分配阀组;< /p>


3.


check valve


单向


阀;


5.



speed limit valve


速度限制阀;


6.


hydraulic cylinder


液压缸;


7

< p>


8.



traveling


hydraulic

< br>motor


行走液压马达;


9.


double



speed valve


双速阀


10.



slewing hydraulic motor


回转液压马


达;


11.


boom cylinder


动臂油缸;


12.



auxiliary cylinder


辅助油缸;


13.


arm cylinder


斗杆油缸;


14.


bucket cylinder


铲斗油缸;


15.



back pressure valve


背压阀;


16.


oil



cooler


冷却器;


17.



oil


filter


滤油器



7.2.5 APC System


自动功率控制系统




1. engine


发动机;


2. APC control valve APC


控制阀;


3.



hydraulic pump


液压泵;


4. APC &


accelerator


back


up


switch


APC


与加速器备用开关;


5.



pressure


sensor


压力传感器;


6.


APC


controller APC


控制器;


7. accelerator emergency circuit


加速器应急回路;


8. APC emergency


circuit


APC


应急回路;


9.


accelerator


dial


加 速器调节刻度盘;



电子控制单元;


at ion monitor


综合监视器;


switch


杠杆操纵开关;


13. high power switch



功率开关;


accelerator switch


快速加速开关



7.2.6 Specifications


工作性能



7.2.6.1



Standard Equipment Specifications


标准装置规格类型与性能参数



1. Engine


发动机:


Mode l


型号;


Type


< br>Water-cooled, 4 cycle



Direct injection


类型:水冷,


四冲程,直喷式;


Aspiratio n



Turbocharged


充气形 式:涡轮增压;


Number of cylinders


气缸


数;


Bore x stroke


缸径


×


冲程;


Piston displacement


活塞排量;


Governor




Mechanical, all-speed


contro l


调速器:机械式,全程调速;


Net Flywheel horsepower


净飞轮功率;


To meet U.S. EPA


Tier 3 emissions requirements


符合美国


3


类环保排放标准;


Net flywheel power advertised is the


power available at the flywheel when the engine is equipped with fan, air cleaner, muffler and


alternator.


所标示的净 飞轮功率是指发动机配备风扇、空气滤清器、消声器和发电机时飞轮


所能输出的功率。< /p>



2. Hydraulic System


液压系统:


Max. pressure



Travel


行走系统最大压力;


Max. pressure




Swing


回转系统最大压力;



HydrauMind system.



Closed-center system with load-sensing valves


and pressure- compensated valves


智能液压系统,负荷感应阀与压力补偿阀中心闭 锁系统;


selectable working modes


可选工作模式;


Main pump



Variable-displacement piston pump


液压


主泵:变量柱塞泵;


Maximum flow


最大流量;


Sub- pump for control circuit


控制回路辅助液压


泵;


Travel motors with parking brake


驻车制动型行走液压马达;


Swing motor with swing


holding brake


制动型回转液压马达;


Axial piston motor


轴向柱塞马达;


Relief valve set ting


安全


阀设定;


Impleme nt circuits


执行回路;


Travel circuit


行走回路;


Swing circuit


回转回路;


Pilot


circuit


控制回路;


Service valve


操纵阀;


Number of cylinders



bore x stroke


液压 缸数量—缸径


×行程;


Service valves maximum flow


操纵阀最大流量



3. Drives & Brakes


驱动和制动装置:


Steering control



Two levers with peda ls


转向控制:


两组操纵杆和踏板;


D rive method



Fully hydrostatic


驱动方式:全静液驱动;


Travel motor



Axial piston motor



in-shoe design

< br>行走马达:轴向柱塞马达,滑靴设计;


Reduction system




Planetary gear



double



reduction


减速系统:行星减速,双级减速;

< br>Max. drawbar pull


最大牵


引力;


Max. travel speed


最大行驶速度;


Service brake



Hydraulic lock


行车制动:液压锁止;


Parking brake



Oil disc brake


驻车制动:湿式盘式制动



4. Swing System


回转系统:


Driven by Hydraulic motor


液压马达驱动;


Swing reduction



转减速;


Pla netary double reduction


行星双级减速;


Swing circle lubrication



Grease-bathed



转圈润滑:油脂润滑;


Swing lock


回转锁定;


Swing speed


回转速度;


Swing torque


回转力矩



5. Und ercarriage


下部支承


(


行走 机构


)




Center frame



X-f rame


中心机架:


X


型机架;


Track frame



Box- section type


履带台车架:


箱型截面;

< p>
Sealed track


密封型履带;


Track adjuster



Hydraulic type


张紧装置:液压型;


No. of shoes


履带板数量;


No. of carrier rollers


托链轮数量;


No. of track rollers


支重轮数量



7.2.6.2 Dimensions


尺寸规格




1. Shipping Height


海运高度;


2. Shipping Length


海运长度;


3. Tail Swing Radius


尾部摆动


半径;


4. Length to Center of Rollers


滚轮中心距离;


5. Track Length


履带长度;


6. Ground


Clearance


离地间隙;


7. Track Gauge


轨距;


8. Transport Width


运输宽度;


9. Cab Height


驾驶室


高度;


10. Counterweight Clearance


配重离地间隙



7.2.6.3



Working Ranges


工作范围




1. Maximum Digging Depth


最大挖掘深度;


2. Maximum Reach at Ground Level


最大水平


移动距离;


3. Maximum Cutting Height


最大挖掘高度;


4. Maximum Loading Height


最大装载


高度;


5. Minimum Loading Height


最小装载高度;


6. Maximum Depth Cut for Level Bottom



大水平切削深度;


7. Maximum Vertical Wall Digging Depth


最大垂直挖掘深度



7.2.7


Small Excavator Features


小型挖掘机特点




1.



Mustang introduces a new bucket series with innovative design improvements that achieve


greater bucket volumes, higher breakout forces and improved vertical digging.


新 型铲斗系列进行了改进设计,具有更大的斗容量、更强的破碎力和更好的垂直挖掘。



2.



Standard headlights mounted on the boom and at the front of the cab provide excellent


nighttime visibility.


安装于动臂上和驾驶室前方的标准照明灯提供了最佳的夜间视 觉。



3.



To help avoid damage and downtime, Mustang securely routes bucket cylinder hoses


through the dipper stick. For faster attachment management and parts replacement, we connect


boom and arm hoses on the outside of the machine.


为避免损坏和停机,


沿杆臂安全布置液压缸软管。


为快速处理附件和更换零件,

< br>在机器


外部连接动臂和斗杆软管。



4. Independent right and left boom swing, for offset digging.


动臂左、右独立摆动,以适应侧向挖掘。



5.



Special digging situations call for specialized digging machines, which allow vertical


digging even on slopes up to 15 degrees.


特殊的挖掘环 境需要专业的挖掘机械,即使在


15


°的坡道上也可进行垂直挖 掘作业。



6.



Mustang’s chassis includes edges reinforced with cast iron —


nearly indestructible. This


heavy-duty reinforced bumper protects components against accidental collisions.


底盘进行了铸铁棱边强化,


几乎不可损坏。


这种重型保险装置可在碰撞事故中保护机械


部件。



7.3 Attachments


工作附件















1
































2
















3




























4
















5





























6








7



















9








11



















13

































8


10




















12

















14
























15





























16



e


抓斗;


Bucket


拇指型铲斗;


bucket


抓斗;


tor ripper


松土


齿;


digging


石料铲斗;


ng bucket


挖沟铲斗;


g bucket


斜挖铲斗;


ell


bucket


蚌壳式抓斗;


bucket


挖泥斗;


up bucket


清扫铲斗;


11. eliminator manual


quick


coupler

< br>分离式手动快速连接器;


12.


hydraulic


crusher


液压破碎器;


13.


universal


compaction wheel


万能压实轮;


14. vibro hammer


振动锤;


15. hydraulic breaker


液压破碎锤;


16. skeleton bucket


格栅铲斗



7.4 New Technology of Typical



Hydraulic Excavator


典型液压挖掘机新技术



7.4.1 Introduction


简介



The Hitachi ZAXIS-3 series new- generation hydraulic excavators are packed with a host of


technological features



clean engine, Hitachi advanced hydraulic technologies, with strong


undercarriage and front attachment, plus well matching of power and speed. The ZAXIS-3 series


can get the job done with proven productivity, durability, and reliability, especially in heavy-duty


excavation and quarry operations.



日立


ZAXIS-3


系列新一代液压挖掘机具有一系列技术特点:清洁发动机,先 进的日立液


压技术,坚固耐用的行走底盘和工作装置附件,以及功率与速度的良好匹配。


ZAXIS-3


系列


挖掘机所具有的生 产率、


寿命和可靠性得到了检验证实,


特别是在重型挖掘和采石 场作业更


加适用。



To yield high production yet maintain low fuel consumption, such was the objective of the


development of a new engine and hydraulic system .


以较低的燃料消耗获得更大的生产能力是新型 发动机和液压系统研究的目标。



7.4.2 New- Generation Clean Engine


新一代清洁发动机



1. High Power Yet Low Fuel Consumption


高功率输出低燃料消耗



4% Increase in output (vs. Conventional model). The new clean engine, complying with the


emission regulations Tier 3 in US(EPA) and EU Stage III, can reduce fuel costs by electronic

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