-
英语
-
阅读理解
(
十一
)
(
总分：
100.00
，做题时间：
90
分钟
)
一、
Reading Comprehension
(
总题数：
0
，分数：<
/p>
0.00)
二、
Passage 1<
/p>
(
总题数：
1
，
分数：
20.00)
In department
stores and closets all over the world, they are
walking. Their outward appearance
seems
rather appealing because they come in a variety of
styles, textures, and colors. But they
are ultimately the biggest deception
that exists in the fashion industry today. What
are they?
They are high
heels
—
a woman's worst enemy
(whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are
the
downfall
of
modern
society.
Fashion
myths
have
led
women
to
believe
that
they
are
more
beautiful
or
sophisticated
for
wearing
heels,
but
in
reality,
heels
succeed
in
posing
short
as
well
as
long
term hardships. Women should fight the
high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase
them
in order to save the world from
unnecessary physical and psychological suffering.
For the sake of fairness, it must be
noted that there is a positive side to high heels.
First,
heels are excellent for aerating
(
使通气
) lawns. Anyone who has
ever worn heels on grass knows
what I
am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in
a pair of those babies eliminates all
need to call for a lawn care
specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes
to give any lawn
oxygen without all
those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second,
heels are quite functional
for defense
against oncoming enemies, who can easily be seared
away by threatening them with a
pair of
these sharp, deadly fashion accessories.
Regardless of such
practical
uses for heels, the fact remains
that
wearing
high
heels
is
harmful
to one's
physical health.
Talk to any podiatrist
(
足病医生
), and
you
will
hear that
the
majority
of
their
business
comes
from
high-
heel-wearing
women.
High
heels
are
known
to
cause
problems
such
as
deformed
feet
and
torn
toe-nails.
The
risk
of
severe
back
problems
and
twisted
or
broken
ankles
is
three
times
higher
for
a
high
heel
wearer
than
for
a
flat
shoe
wearer.
Wearing
heels
also
creates
the
threat
of
getting
a
heel
caught
in
a
sidewalk
crack
or
a
sewer-grate
(
阴沟栅
)
and
being
thrown
to the
ground
—
possibly breaking a
nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing
heels for
a
day,
any
woman
knows
she
can
look
forward
to
a
night
of
pain
as
she
tries
to
comfort
her
swollen,
aching feet.
（分数：
20.00
）
(1).What makes women
blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?
A. The multi-functional use of high
heels.
B. Their attempt to show off
their status.
C. The rich variety of
high heel styles.
D. Their wish to
improve their appearance.
（分数：
4.00
）
A.
B.
C.
D.
√
解
析：
[
解析
] A
、
B
两项都极易被排除：
A
显然是作者对高跟鞋的戏谑，而非妇女穿高跟鞋的理由；
B
项意
为“她们想炫耀自己的身份”，文章中找不到这样的意思。
C
项有一定迷惑性，因为它与文章第二句话吻
合。
虽然
C
项本身是正确的陈述，也与文章内容相符，但它不能作为
所问问题的答案。根据第一段第七句
话
(Fashion
myths have led women...)
可知
D<
/p>
项正确。
(2).The
author's presentation of the positive side of high
heels is meant ______.
A. to be ironic
B. to poke fun at women
C. to be fair
to the fashion industry D. to make his point convi
ncing
（分数：
4.00
）
A.
√
B.
C.
D.
解析：
[
解析
]
态度性问题。
ironic
是个超纲词，
但我们知道
irony<
/p>
的意思是
n.
“反语；
嘲弄”。
poke
fun
at
是个短语，意为“拿……
开玩笑，取笑”。
D
项意为“支持他的论点”，显然不对，因为
作者的论点是
高跟鞋有害，
the positive
side of high heels
当然不会支持这种论点；选择
< br>C
项的考生显然是仅从字
面上来理解文章中“For
the sake of fairness(为了公平起见)”的意思；文章是批评高跟鞋的危害的，
而不是批评妇女，所以
B
项也不对。
(3).The author uses the
expression
A. to show their fragile
characteristics B. to indicate their feminine
features
C. to show women's affection
for them D. to emphasize their small size
（分数：
4.00
）
A.
B.
C.
√
D.
解析：
[
解析
]
推断题。
fragile
意为“易
碎的，脆的，易损坏的；虚弱的，脆弱的”。题目要求考生正确
理解文中“those
babies”的含义，考生须联系上下文来体会。其实，在日常生活中我们也常常对自己喜
爱的东西称为“小宝贝(baby)”。
(4).The
author's chief argument against high heels is that
______.
A. they pose a threat to lawns
B. they are injurious to women's health
C. they don't necessarily make women
beautiful
D. they are ineffective as a
weapon of defense
（分数：
4.00
）
A.
B.
√
C.
D.
解析：
[
解析
]
主题性问题。本文的主旨就是告诫妇女穿高跟鞋有害
于健康。文章最后一段就是在不厌其烦
地列举高跟鞋威胁健康的例子。
< br>
(5).It can be inferred from the
passage that women should ______.
A.
see through the very nature of fashion myths
B. boycott the products of the fashion
industry
C. go to a podiatrist
regularly for advice
D. avoid following
fashion too closely
（分数：
4.00<
/p>
）
A.
B.
C.
D.
√
解析：
[
解析
]
推断题。
B
、
C
两项极易被排除。
A
项具有一定的迷惑性。其意思是：“看穿时尚的本质。”D
项意为“不要跟潮流跟得太紧”。文章的主要内容是：流行趋势使得许多妇女崇尚高跟鞋，但实际上 高跟
鞋不利于穿着者的健康。其言下之意就是不要跟潮流跟得太紧。文章并没有花费笔墨
去讲述高跟鞋这一事
物流行的本质。
三、
Passage 2
(
总题数：
1
，分数：
20
.00)
For
centuries,
explorers
have
risked
their
lives
venturing
into
the
unknown
for
reasons
that
were
to
varying
degrees
economic
and
nationalistic.
Columbus
went
west
to
look
for
better
trade
routes
to
the
Orient
and
to
promote
the
greater
glory
of
Spain.
Lewis
and
Clark
journeyed
into
the
American
wilderness to find out what the U.S.
had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the
Appolo
astronauts rocketed to the moon
in a dramatic show of technological muscle during
the cold war.
Although their missions
blended commercial and political-military
imperatives, the explorers
involved all
accomplished some significant science simply by
going where no scientists had gone
before.
Today Mars looms
(
隐约出现
) as humanity's next
great terra incognita
(
未探明之地
). And with
doubtful prospects for a short-term
financial return, with the cold war a rapidly
fading memory
and amid a growing
emphasis on international cooperation in large
space ventures, it is clear
that
imperatives
other
than
profits
or
nationalism
will
have
to
compel
human
beings
to
leave
their
tracks on the planet's reddish surface.
Could it be that science, which has long played a
minor
role in exploration, is at last
destined to take a leading role? The question
naturally invites
a
couple
of
others:
are
there
experiments
that
only
humans
could
do
on
Mars?
Could
those
experiments
provide insights
profound enough to justify the expense of sending
people across interplanetary
space?
With
Mars
the
scientific
stakes
are
arguably
higher
than
they
have
ever
been.
The
issue
of
whether
life ever existed on
the planet, and whether it persists to this day,
has been highlighted by
mounting
evidence
that
the
Red
Planet
once
had
abundant
stable,
liquid
water
and
by
the
continuing
controversy
over
suggestions
that
bacterial
fossils
rode
to
Earth
on
a
meteorite
(
陨石
)
from
Mars.
A more
conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or
present, would give researchers invaluable
data about the range of conditions
under which a planet can generate the complex
chemistry that
leads to life. If it
could be established that life arose independently
on Mars and Earth, the
finding
would
provide
the
first
concrete
clues
in
one
of
the
deepest
mysteries
in
all
of
science,
the
prevalence of life in the universe.
（分数：
20.00
）
(1).According to the passage, the
chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown
places in the
past was ______.
A. to display their country's military
might
B. to accomplish some significant
science
C. to find new areas for
colonization
D. to pursue commercial
and state interests
（分数：
4.00<
/p>
）
A.
B.
C.
D.
√
解析：
[
解析
]
细节题。选择依据为文章第一
句话。该句中的
reasons
即问题所问的
< br>purpose
。依据第二段
前半句话也可知答案为
D
。
该句中的
im
perative“命令”与问题中的
purpose
对应。<
/p>
A
项“显示军事实力”、
C
项“寻找新的殖民地”都只是经济和政治因素的一种，探险所肩负的经济、政治使命不一定就是显示军
事实力或寻求新殖民地，所以可排除
A
、
C
项，可从第二段第一句话中看出：过去的探险虽然大都具有
一定
科学意义，但这只是探险活动的客观结果，而非探险的主观目的。
< br>
(2).At present, a probable
inducement for countries to initiate large-scale
space ventures is
______.
A.
international cooperation B. nationalistic reasons
C. scientific research D. long-term pro
fits
（分数：
4.00
）
A.
B.
C.
√
D.
解析：
[
解析
]
推断题。回答依据为第三段第二、三句话，尤其是第二句话。
B
、
D
两项都容易被排除，
A
项
迷惑性较大。原文意思是：在短期内看不到
经济效益、冷战结束、太空探索中日益强调国际合作的今天，
显然促使人类踏上火星的原
因不是利润和民族主义。
(3).What is the
main goal of sending human missions to Mars?
A. To find out if life ever existed
there.
B. To see if humans could
survive there.
C. To prove the
feasibility of large-scale space ventures.
D. To show the leading role of science
in space exploration.
（分数：
4.0
0
）
A.
√
B.
C.
D.
解析：
[
解析
]
细节题。选择依据为第四段第二句。文章中找不到<
/p>
B
、
C
两项的意
思。至于
D
项，科学目的
在太空探索中
具有重要意义，是其主要目的，但人类登陆火星并不是为了显示科学目的在太空探索中的重
要意义。
(4).By saying
the author means that ______.
A. with Mars the risks involved are
much greater than any previous space ventures
B. in the case of Mars, the rewards of
scientific exploration can be very high
C. in the case of Mars, much more
research funds are needed than ever before
D. with Mars, scientists argue, the
fundamental interests of science are at issue
（分数：
4.00
）
A.
B.
C.
D.
√
解析：
[
解析
]
推断题。文章中找不到
A
、
B
、
C
三项的意思。
要正确理解这句话的意思，必须联系上下文。
上文中说：以前的探险主要是为着经济和民
族主义原因，但火星探险却在近期内看不到经济效益，而且现
在冷战结束，
在太空探索中强调国际合作，
那么，科学目的是否会在火星探索中占据主导地
位呢
?
在火星探
索中，科学家们比以往
哪次探险都更积极地参与其中。由此可见，该句的意思是说：在火星探险中，科学
家更多
地参与其中是因为科学研究是探险的主要目的。
D
项与此意思相
同。
(5).The passage tells us
that proof of life on Mars would ______.
A. make clear the complex chemistry in
the development of life
B. confirm the
suggestion that bacterial fossils traveled to
Earth on a meteor
C. reveal the kind of
conditions under which life originates
D. provide an explanation why life is
common in the universe
（分数：
4.
00
）
A.
B.
C.
D.
√
解
析：
[
解析
]
细节题。选择依据为文章最后一句话。文章中找不到
A
项的意
思；
B
项的出题依据为第四段
第二句话
后半部分内容，但仔细阅读该句便可知
B
项内容与其不符；
C
项具有一定迷惑性，其出题依据是
倒数第
二句话。
该句谓语部分
(
包括宾语
)
与
C
项意思类似
，
但主语的含义与题干中宾语从句的主语
(proof
of
life on
Mars)
含义不同。
四、
Passage 3
(
总题数：
1
，分数：
20
.00)
Not too
many decades
ago it
seemed
to
the general
public
and to sociologists that
modern society has changed people's
natural relations, loosened their responsibilities
to kin
(
亲戚
) and
neighbors, and substituted in their place
superficial relationships with passing
acquaintances. However, in recent years
a growing body of research has revealed that the
is
not
true.
It
seems
that
if
you
are
a
city
resident,
you
typically
know
a
smaller
proportion of your
neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a
smaller community. But, for
the most
part, this fact has few significant consequences.
It does not necessarily follow that
if
you know few of your neighbors you will know no
one else.
Even
in
very
large
cities,
people
maintain
close
social
ties
within
small,
private
social
worlds.
Indeed, the number
and quality of meaningful relationships do not
differ between more and less
urban
people. Small-town residents are more involved
with kin than are big-city residents. Yet
city dwellers compensate by developing
friendships with people who share similar
interests and
activities.
Urbanism
may
produce
a
different
style
of
life,
but
the
quality
of
life
does
not
differ
between
town
and
city.
Nor
are
residents
of
large
communities
any
likelier
to
display
psychological
symptoms of stress or alienation, a
feeling of not belonging, than are residents of
smaller
communities. However,
city
dwellers
do
worry
more
about
crime, and
this leads
them to
a distrust
of strangers.
These
findings
do
not
imply
that
urbanism
makes
little
or
no
difference.
If
neighbors
are
strangers
to one another,
they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an
elderly couple living next door
or keep
an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as
Wirth suggested, there may be a link
between a community's population size
and its social heterogeneity
(
多样性
). For instance,
sociologists
have
found
much
evidence
that
the
size
of
a
community
is
associated
with
bad
behavior
including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-
city urbanites are also more likely than their
small-town
counterparts to have a
cosmopolitan (
见多识广者的
)
outlook, to display less responsibility to
traditional kinship roles, to vote for
leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant
of
nontraditional religious groups,
unpopular political groups, and so-called
undesirables.
Everything
considered,
heterogeneity
and
unusual
behavior
seem
to
be
outcomes
of
large
population
size.
（分数：
20.00
）
(1).Which of the following statements
best describes the organization of the first
paragraph?
A. Two contrasting views are
presented.
B. An argument is examined
and possible solutions given.
C.
Research results concerning the quality of urban
life are presented in order of time.
D.
A detailed description of the difference between
urban and small-town life is given.
（分数：
4.00
）
A.
√
B.
C.
D.
解析：
[
解析
]
本题可以算是一道主旨题
。
它问本文第一段的组织结构是什么，
其实是问第一段的主旨大
意。
A
项意为“提出两种相反的观点”，最为恰当地概括了第一
段的内容。
(2).According to the
passage, it was once a common belief that urban
residents ______.
A. did not have the
same interests as their neighbors
B.
could not develop long-standing relationships
C. tended to be associated with bad
behavior
D. usually had more friends
（分数：
4.00
）
A.
B.
√
C.
D.
解析：
[
解析
]
< br>推理题。
文章开头就明确提出：
过去人们普遍认为现代社
会改变了人们自然形成的人际关系，
亲戚和邻居之间变得冷漠，代之以与认识的过路人一
样肤浅、表面化的关系。
B
项说“不再形成持久、深
入的人际关系”，显然
B
项与原文相符。
(3).One
of
the
consequences
of
urban
life
is
that
impersonal
relationships
among
neighbors
______.
A. disrupt people's
natural relations
B. make them worry
about crime
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