-
2012
考研英语答案
——
英语一答案及解析
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text.
Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank
and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET
1. (10 points)
The ethical judgments of
the Supreme Court justices have become an
important issue recently. The
court
cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule
of law _2_ justices behave like politicians.
Y
et,
in
several
instances,
justices
acted
in
ways
that
_3_
the
court
’
s
reputation
for
being
independent and
impartial.
Justice
Antonin
Scalia,
for
example,
appeared
at
political
events. That
kind
of
activity
makes
it
less
likely that the court
’
s
decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part
of the problem is that
the justices are
not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the
court should make itself _6_to the
code
of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal
judiciary.
This and other
similar cases _8_the question of whether there is
still a _9_between the court and
politics.
The
framers
of
the
Constitution
envisioned
law
_10_having
authority
apart
from
politics.
They
gave
justices
permanent
positions
_11_they would
be
free
to
_12_
those
in
power
and
have
no
need
to
_13_
political
support.
Our
legal
system
was
designed
to
set
law
apart
from
politics
precisely because
they are so closely _14_.
Constitutional
law is
political because it results from choices rooted
in fundamental social _15_
like
liberty
and
property.
When the court
deals
with social
policy
decisions,
the
law
it
_16_
is
inescapably
political-which
is why
decisions
split
along
ideological
lines
are
so
easily
_17_
as
unjust.
The justices must _18_ doubts about the
court
’
s legitimacy by making
themselves _19_ to the
code of conduct.
That would make rulings more likely to be seen as
separate from politics and,
_20_,
convincing as law.
1. [A]emphasize
[B]maintain
[C]modify
[D]
recognize
2. [A]when
[B]lest
[C]before
[D] unless
3. [A]restored
[B]weakened
[C]established
[D] eliminated
4.
[A]challenged
[B]compromised
[C]suspected
[D] accepted
5. [A]advanced
[B]caught
[C]bound
[D]founded
6. [A]resistant
[B]subject
[C]immune
[D]prone
7. [A]resorts
[B]sticks
[C]loads
[D]applies
8. [A]evade
[B]raise
[C]deny
[D]settle
9. [A]line
[B]barrier
[C]similarity
[D]conflict
10. [A]by
[B]as
[C]though
[D]towards
11.
[A]so
[B]since
[C]provided
[D]though
12.
[A]serve
[B]satisfy
[C]upset
[D]replace
13. [A]confirm
[B]express
[C]cultivate
[D]offer
14. [A]guarded
[B]followed
[C]studied
[D]tied
15. [A]concepts
[B]theories
[C]divisions
[D]conceptions
16. [A]excludes
[B]questions
[C]shapes
[D]controls
17. [A]dismissed
[B]released
[C]ranked
[D]distorted
18. [A]suppress
[B]exploit
[C]address
[D]ignore
19. [A]accessible
[B]amiable
[C]agreeable
[D]accountable
20. [A]by all
mesns [B]atall costs
[C]in a word
[D]as a result
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four
texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
T
ext 1
Come on
–
Everybody
’
< br>s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is
what
most
of
us
think
of
when
we
hear
the
words
peer
pressure.
It
usually
leads
to
no
good-drinking, drugs and
casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club,
Tina Rosenberg contends
that
peer
pressure can
also
be
a
positive
force
through what
she
calls
the social
cure,
in which
organizations
and
officials
use
the
power
of
group
dynamics
to
help
individuals
improve
their
lives and possibly the
word.
Rosenberg, the recipient of a
Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the
social cure in action: In
South
Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program
called Rage
Against the Haze sets out
to
make cigarettes uncool. In South
Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as
LoveLife recruits
young people to
promote safe sex among their peers.
The
idea seems promising
，
and
Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique
of the lameness of
many pubic-health
campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer
pressure for healthy habits, and
they
demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of
psychology.
”
Dare
to be different, please
don
’
t
smoke!
”
pleads
one
billboard
campaign
aimed
at
reducing
smoking
among
teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing
more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues
convincingly that
public-health
advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,
so skilled at applying peer pressure.
But on the general effectiveness of the
social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join
the Club is
filled
with
too
much
irrelevant
detail
and
not
enough
exploration
of
the
social
and
biological
factors
that
make
peer
pressure
so
powerful. The
most
glaring
flaw
of
the social
cure
as
it
’
s
presented here is that it
doesn
’
t work very well for
very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once
state funding was cut. Evidence that
the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is
limited and
mixed.
There
’
s no doubt
that our peer groups exert enormous influence on
our behavior. An emerging
body
of
research
shows
that
positive
health
habits-as
well
as
negative
ones-spread
through
networks
of
friends
via
social
communication.
This
is
a
subtle
form
of
peer
pressure:
we
unconsciously imitate the behavior we
see every day.
Far less certain,
however, is how successfully experts and
bureaucrats can select our peer groups
and
steer
their
activities
in
virtuous
directions.
It
’
s
like
the
teacher
who
breaks
up
the
troublemakers in the
back row by pairing them with better-behaved
classmates. The tactic never
really
works. And that
’
s the
problem with a social cure engineered from the
outside: in the real
world, as in
school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
21. According to the first paragraph,
peer pressure often emerges as
[A] a
supplement to the social cure
[B] a
stimulus to group dynamics
[C] an
obstacle to school progress
[D] a cause
of undesirable behaviors
22. Rosenberg
holds that public advocates should
[A]
recruit professional advertisers
[B]
learn from advertisers
’
experience
[C] stay away
from commercial advertisers
[D]
recognize the limitations of advertisements
23. In the
author
’
s view,
Rosenberg
’
s book fails to
[A] adequately probe social and
biological factors
[B] effectively
evade the flaws of the social cure
[C]
illustrate the functions of state funding
[D]produce a long-lasting social effect
24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation
of behaviors
[A] is harmful to our
networks of friends
[B] will mislead
behavioral studies
[C] occurs without
our realizing it
[D] can produce
negative health habits
25.
The author suggests in the last paragraph that the
effect of peer pressure is
[A] harmful
[B] desirable
[C] profound
[D] questionable
T
ext 2
A
deal
is
a
deal-except,
apparently
,when
Entergy
is
involved.
The
company,
a
major
energy
supplier
in New England, provoked justified
outrage in
V
ermont last week
when it announced it
was reneging on a
longstanding commitment to abide by the strict
nuclear regulations.
Instead,
the company
has
done
precisely
what
it
had
long
promised
it
would
not challenge
the
constitutionality of
V
ermont
’
s rules
in the federal court, as part of a desperate
effort to keep its
V
ermont
Y
ankee nuclear power plant running.
It
’
s a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since
2002, when the corporation bought
V
ermont
’
s only
nuclear
power plant, an aging reactor
in V
ernon. As a condition of receiving
state approval for the sale, the
company agreed to seek permission from
state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006,
the state
went
a step
further,
requiring
that
any
extension
of
the
plant
’
s
license
be
subject
to
V
ermont
legislature
’
s
approval. Then, too, the company went along.
Either Entergy never really
intended to
live
by those commitments, or it simply
didn
’
t foresee
what would happen next. A
string of accidents, including the partial
collapse of a cooling tower in
207 and
the discovery of an underground pipe system
leakage, raised serious questions about both
V
ermont
Y
< br>ankee
’
s
safety
and
Entergy
’
s
management
–
especially
after
the
company
made
misleading statements about the pipe.
Enraged by Entergy
’
s
behavior, the V
ermont Senate voted
26 to 4 last year against allowing an
extension.
Now
the
company
is
suddenly claiming
that
the
2002
agreement
is
invalid
because
of
the
2006
legislation,
and
that
only
the
federal
government
has regulatory
power
over
nuclear
issues.
The
legal
issues in the case are obscure: whereas the
Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some
regulatory
authority
over
nuclear
power,
legal
scholars
say
that
V
ermont
case
will
offer
a
precedent-setting test of how far those
powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns
about the
patchwork regulations that
could result if every state sets its own rules.
But had Entergy kept its
word, that
debate would be beside the point.
The
company seems to have concluded that its
reputation in V
ermont is already so
damaged that it
has
noting
left
to
lose
by
going
to
war
with
the
state.
But
there
should
be
consequences.
Permission
to
run
a
nuclear
plant
is
a
poblic
trust.
Entergy runs
11
other
reactors
in
the
United
States, including Pilgrim Nuclear
station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim
safely, the company
has
applied
for
federal
permission
to
keep
it
open
for
another
20
years.
But
as
the
Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the
company
’
s application, it
should keep it mind what
promises from
Entergy are worth.
26. The phrase
“
reneging
on
”
(Line .1) is closest in
meaning to
[A] condemning.
[B] reaffirming.
[C]
dishonoring.
[D] securing.
27. By entering into the 2002
agreement, Entergy intended to
[A]
obtain protection from V
ermont
regulators.
[B] seek favor from the
federal legislature.
[C] acquire an
extension of its business license .
[D]
get permission to purchase a power plant.
28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy
seems to have problems with its
[A]
managerial practices.
[B] technical
innovativeness.
[C] financial goals.
[D] business vision
29. In
the author
’
s view, the
V
ermont case will test
[A]
Entergy
’
s capacity to
fulfill all its promises.
[B] the
mature of states
’
patchwork regulations.
[C]
the federal authority over nuclear issues .
[D] the limits of
states
’
power
over nuclear issues.
30. It can be
inferred from the last paragraph that
[A] Entergy
’
s
business elsewhere might be affected.
[B] the authority of the NRC will be
defied.
[C] Entergy will withdraw its
Plymouth application.
[D]
V
ermont
’
s
reputation might be damaged.
T
ext 3
In the
idealized version of how science is done, facts
about the world are waiting to be observed
and collected by objective researchers
who use the scientific method to carry out their
work. But
in the everyday practice of
science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous
and complicated
route.
We
aim
to
be
objective,
but we cannot
escape the context
of
our
unique
life
experience.
Prior knowledge
and interest influence what we experience, what we
think our experiences mean,
and the
subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for
misinterpretation, error, and self-deception
abound.
Consequently,
discovery
claims
should
be
thought
of
as
protoscience.
Similar
to
newly
staked
mining
claims,
they
are
full
of
potential.
But
it
takes
collective
scrutiny
and
acceptance
to
transform a discovery claim into a
mature discovery. This is the credibility process,
through which
the individual
researcher
’
s me, here, now
becomes the community
’
s
anyone, anywhere, anytime.
Objective
knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.
Once
a
discovery
claim
becomes
public,
the
discoverer
receives
intellectual
credit.
But,
unlike
with mining claims,
the community takes control of what happens next.
Within the complex social
structure of
the scientific community, researchers make
discoveries; editors and reviewers act as
gatekeepers by controlling the
publication process; other scientists use the new
finding to suit their
own purposes; and
finally, the public (including other scientists)
receives the new discovery and
possibly
accompanying
technology.
As
a
discovery
claim
works
it
through
the community,
the
interaction
and
confrontation
between
shared
and
competing
beliefs
about
the
science
and
the
technology involved transforms an
individual
’
s discovery claim
into the community
’
s
credible
discovery.
Two
paradoxes
exist
throughout
this
credibility
process.
First,
scientific
work
tends
to
focus
on
some
aspect
of
prevailing
Knowledge
that
is
viewed
as
incomplete
or
incorrect.
Little
reward
accompanies
duplication
and
confirmation
of what
is
already
known
and
believed.
The
goal
is
new-
search,
not
re-search.
Not
surprisingly,
newly
published
discovery
claims
and
credible
discoveries
that
appear
to
be
important
and
convincing
will
always
be
open
to
challenge
and
potential
modification
or
refutation
by
future
researchers.
Second,
novelty
itself
frequently
provokes disbelief. Nobel
Laureate
and
physiologist
Albert
Azent-Gyorgyi
once
described
discovery
as
“
seeing
what
everybody has seen and
thinking what nobody has
thought.
”
But
thinking what nobody else has
thought
and telling others what they have missed may not
change their views. Sometimes years
are
required for truly novel discovery claims to be
accepted and appreciated.
In the end,
credibility
“
happens
< br>”
to a discovery claim
–
a process that
corresponds to what
philosopher
Annette
Baier
has
described
as
the
commons
of
the
mind.
“
We
reason
together,
challenge, revise, and complete each
other
’
s reasoning and each
other
’
s conceptions of
reason.
”
31.
According to the first paragraph, the process of
discovery is characterized by its
[A]
uncertainty and complexity.
[B]
misconception and deceptiveness.
[C]
logicality and objectivity.
[D] systematicness and regularity.
32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2
that credibility process requires
[A]
strict inspection.
[B]shared efforts.
[C] individual wisdom.
[D]persistent innovation.
aph 3 shows that a discovery claim
becomes credible after it
[A] has attracted the attention of the
general public.
[B]has been examined by
the scientific community.
[C] has
received recognition from editors and reviewers.
[D]has been frequently quoted by peer
scientists.
34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi
would most likely agree that
[A]
scientific claims will survive challenges.
[B]discoveries today inspire future
research.
[C] efforts to make
discoveries are justified.
[D]scientific work calls for a critical
mind.
of the following
would be the best title of the test?
[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific
Development.
[B]Collective Scrutiny in
Scientific Discovery
.
[C]
Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.
[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate
to Science.
T
ext 4
If
the trade
unionist
Jimmy
Hoffa were
alive
today,
he
would
probably
represent civil
servant.
When
Hoffa
’
s
Teamsters were
in
their
prime
in
1960,
only
one
in
ten
American
government
workers belonged
to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of
unionists in America
’
s
public
sector
passed
that
of
their
fellow
members
in
the
private
sector.
In
Britain,
more
than
half
of
public-sector workers but only about
15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
There are three reasons for the public-
sector unions
’
thriving. First, they can shut things
down
without
suffering
much
in
the
way
of
consequences.
Second,
they
are
mostly
bright
and
well-
educated. A
quarter of
America
’
s public-sector
workers have a university degree. Third, they
now dominate left-of-centre politics.
Some of their ties go back a long way.
Britain
’
s Labor Party,
as its name implies, has long been
associated with trade unionism. Its current
leader, Ed Miliband,
owes his position
to votes from public-sector unions.
At
the state level their influence can be even more
fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy
Institute
of
California
points
out
that
much
of
the
state
’
s
budget
is
patrolled
by
unions.
The
teachers
’
unions keep an eye on schools, the
CCPOA
on prisons and a variety of labor
groups on
health care.
In
many rich countries average wages in the state
sector are higher than in the private one. But the
real
gains
come
in
benefits
and
work
practices.
Politicians
have
repeatedly
“
backl
oaded
”
public-
sector pay deals, keeping the pay
increases modest but adding to holidays
and especially
pensions that are
already generous.
Reform
has
been
vigorously
opposed,
perhaps
most
egregiously
in
education,
where
charter
schools,
academies
and
merit
pay
all
faced
drawn-
out
battles.
Even
though
there
is
plenty
of
evidence
that
the
quality
of
the
teachers
is
the
most
important
variable,
teachers
’
unions
have
fought against getting rid of bad ones
and promoting good ones.
As
the
cost
to
everyone
else
has
become
clearer,
politicians
have
begun
to
clamp
down.
In
Wisconsin
the
unions
have
rallied
thousands
of
supporters
against
Scott
Walker,
the
hardline
Republican
governor. But many within the public sector suffer
under the current system, too.
John
Donahue at Harvard
’
s Kennedy
School points out that the norms of culture in
Western civil
services
suit
those
who
want
to
stay
put
but
is
bad
for
high
achievers.
The
only
American
public-sector workers who earn well
above $$250,000 a year are university sports
coaches and the
president
of
the
United
States.
Bankers
’
fat
pay
packets
have
attracted
much criticism,
but
a
public-sector
system
that
does
not
reward
high
achievers
may
be
a
much
bigger
problem
for
America.
36. It can be
learned from the first paragraph that
[A] Teamsters still have a large body
of members.
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to
work as a civil servant.
[C] unions
have enlarged their public-sector membership.
[D]the government has improved its
relationship with unionists.
37. Which
of the following is true of Paragraph 2?
[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in
taking actions.
[B] Education is
required for public-sector union membership.
[C] Labor Party has long been fighting
against public-sector unions.
[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in
trouble for their actions.
38. It can
be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the
state sector is
[A] illegally secured.
[B] indirectly augmented.
[C] excessively increased.
[D]fairly adjusted.
39. The
example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that
unions
[A]often run against the current
political system.
[B]can change
people
’
s political
attitudes.
[C]may be a barrier to
public-sector reforms.
[D]are dominant
in the government.
40. John
Donahue
’
s attitude towards
the public-sector system is one of
[A]disapproval.
[B]appreciation.
[C]tolerance.
[D]indifference.
Part B
Directions:
In
the
following text,
some sentences
have
been
removed.
For
Questions
41-45,
choose
the
most
suitable one from the list A-G
to fit
into each of the numbered blanks. There are two
extra
choices,
which
do
not
fit
in
any
of
the
blanks.
Mark
your
answers
on
ANSWER
SHEET1.
（
10
points
）
Think of
those fleeting moments when you look out of an
aeroplane window and realise that you
are flying, higher than a bird. Now
think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper
envelope, or
your cellphone in the palm
of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at
those marvels. Y
ou
are the
lucky inheritor of a dream come true.
The
second
half
of
the
20th
century
saw
a
collection
of
geniuses,
warriors,
entrepreneurs
and
visionaries
labour
to create
a
fabulous
machine
that could
function
as
a
typewriter
and
printing
press, studio
and
theatre,
paintbrush
and
gallery,
piano
and
radio,
the
mail
as
well
as
the
mail
carrier. (41)
The networked computer is an amazing
device, the first media machine that serves as the
mode of
production, means of
distribution, site of reception, and place of
praise and critique. The computer
is
the 21st century's culture machine.
But
for all the reasons there are to celebrate the
computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I
call
it
a
secret
war
for
two
reasons.
First,
most
people
do
not
realise
that
there
are
strong
commercial agendas at work to keep them
in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority
of
people
who
use
networked computers
to
upload
are
not
even
aware
of
the
significance
of what
they are doing.
All animals download, but only a few
upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests.
Y
et for
the most part, the
animal kingdom moves through the world
downloading. Humans are unique in
their
capacity
to
not
only
make
tools
but
then
turn
around
and
use
them
to create
superfluous
material
goods
-
paintings,
sculpture
and
architecture
-
and
superfluous
experiences
-
music,
literature, religion
and philosophy. (43)
For all the
possibilities of our new culture machines, most
people are still stuck in download mode.
Even after the advent of widespread
social media, a pyramid of production remains,
with a small
number
of
people
uploading
material,
a slightly
larger
group commenting
on
or
modifying
that
content, and a huge
percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)
Television
is
a
one-way
tap
flowing
into
our
homes.
The
hardest
task
that
television
asks
of
anyone is to turn the
power off after he has turned it on.
(45)
What counts as
meaningful uploading? My definition revolves
around the concept of
creations and
experiences to which others adhere.
[A]
Of course,
it
is
precisely
these superfluous
things
that
define
human culture
and
ultimately
what
it
is
to
be
human.
Downloading
and consuming
culture
requires
great
skills,
but
failing
to
move beyond
downloading is to strip oneself of a defining
constituent of humanity.
[B]
Applications like , which allow users to combine
pictures, words and other media
in
creative ways and then share them, have the
potential to add stickiness by amusing,
entertaining
and enlightening others.
[C]
Not
only
did
they
develop
such
a
device
but
by
the
turn
of the
millennium
they
had
also
managed
to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by
billions of people every day.
[D] This
is because the networked computer has sparked a
secret war between downloading and
uploading
-
between
passive
consumption
and
active
creation
-
whose
outcome will
shape
our
collective future in
ways we can only begin to imagine.
[E]
The
challenge
the
computer
mounts
to
television
thus
bears
little
similarity
to
one
format
being replaced by
another in the manner of record players being
replaced by CD players.
[F] One reason
for the persistence of this pyramid of production
is that for the past half-century,
much
of
the
world's
media
culture
has
been
defined
by
a
single
medium
-
television
-
and
television is defined by
downloading.
[G]The networked computer
offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the
flow, to encourage
thoughtful
downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful
uploading.
Part C
Directions: Read the following text
carefully and then translate the underlined
segments into
Chinese. Y
our
translation should be written clearly on ANSWER
SHEET 2. (10 points)
Since
the
days
of
Aristotle,
a
search
for
universal
principles
has
characterized
the
scientific
enterprise. In some ways, this quest
for commonalities defines science.
Newton
’
s laws of motion
and Darwinian evolution each bind a
host of different phenomena into a single
explicatory frame
work.
(46)In physics, one approach takes this
impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks
a theory
of
everything
—
a single
generative equation for all we is becoming less
clear, however, that
such a theory
would be a simplification, given the dimensions
and universes that it
might entail,
nonetheless, unification of sorts
remains a major goal.
This tendency in
the natural sciences has long been evident in the
social sciences too. (47)Here,
Darwinism seems to offer justification
for it all humans share common origins it seems
reasonable
to suppose that cultural
diversity could also be traced to more constrained
beginnings. Just as the
bewildering
variety of human courtship rituals might all be
considered forms of sexual selection,
perhaps the
world
’
s languages, music,
social and religious customs and even history are
governed
by
universal
features.
(48)To filter
out
what
is
unique
from
what
is
shared might
enable
us
to
understand how complex cultural
behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary
or cognitive
terms.
That,
at
least,
is
the
hope.
But
a
comparative
study
of
linguistic
traits
published
online
today
supplies a reality
check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland
and his colleagues consider
the
evolution of grammars in the light of two previous
attempts to find universality in
language.
The most famous of
these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who
suggested that humans are
born
with
an
innate
language
—
acquisitio
n
capacity
that
dictates
a
universal
grammar.
A
few
generative rules are then sufficient to
unfold the entire fundamental structure of a
language, which
is why children can
learn it so quickly.
(49)The second, by
Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach
to universality identifying
traits
(particularly
in
word
order) shared
by
many
language
which
are
considered
to
represent
biases that result
from cognitive constraints
Gray
and
his colleagues
have
put
them to
the
test
by
examining
four family
trees
that
between
them
represent
more
than
2,000
langua
ges.(50)Chomsky
’
s
grammar
should
show
patterns
of
language
change
that
are
independent
of
the
family
tree
or
the
pathway
tracked
through
it.
Whereas
Greenbergian
universality
predicts
strong
co-dependencies
between
particular
types
of
word-order
relations.
Neither
of
these
patterns
is
borne
out
by
the
analysis,
suggesting
that
the
structures of the
languages are lire age-specific and not governed
by universals.
Section III
Writing
Part A
51.
Directions: Some internationals students are
coming to your university. Write them an email in
the name of the
Students
’
Union
to
1) extend your welcome and
2) provide some suggestions for their
campus life here.
Y
ou should
write about 100 words on ANSWER not sign your
name at the end of the
letter. Use
“
Li
Ming
”
instead.
Do not write the address(10 points)
Part B
52. Directions: write
an essay of 160-200 words based on the following
drawing. In your essay
you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments
Y
ou should write neatly on
ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)
答案
2012
年的完型填空是有关美国司法官伦理和政治关系的一篇文章，出自
New
Y
ork
Times,
June, 30th ,
2011
的
“Ethics, Politics and
the Law”
一文。选材回归了
2000
< br>年完型曾出过的法律
类文章，而且和当年一样，也是包含几个小段落，不像以往的
文章，三段或者四段论，脉络
比较清晰，结构容易把握。而且，较去年比较
“
平易近人
”
的文章，这篇
法律类文章背后有一
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