-
2016
年
中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试
试题
（
样题
）
SAMPLE TEST
UNIVERSITY OF
CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
ENGLISH
ENTRANCE EXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORAL CANDIDATES
PAPER
ONE
PART I
VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5
point each)
Directions: Choose the word
or expression below each sentence that best
completes the statement,
and mark the
corresponding letter of your choice with a single
bar across the square brackets on
your
Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1.
Ten
years
ago,
a
house
with
a
decent
bathroom
was
a
__________
symbol
among
university
professors.
A. post
B. status
C.
position
D. place
2. It would be far better
if collectors could be persuaded to spend their
time and money in support
of
___________ archaeological research.
A.
legible
B.
legitimate
C. legislative
D. illicit
3. We seek a
society that has at its __________ a respect for
the dignity and worth of the individual.
A. end
B. hand
C. core
D. best
4. A variety of
problems have greatly _________the
country
’
s normal educational
development.
A. impeded
B. imparted
C. implored
D. implemented
5. A good education is an asset you can
________for the rest of your life.
A. spell out
B. call upon
C. fall over
D. resort to
6.
Oil can change a society more ____________ than
anyone could ever have imagined.
A.
grossly
B.
severely
C. rapidly
D. drastically
7.
Beneath
its
myriad
rules,
the
fundamental
purpose
of
___________
is
to
make
the
world
a
pleasanter place to live
in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.
A. elitism
B. eloquence
C. eminence
D. etiquette
8.
The New Testament was not only written in the
Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek
philosophy were _____________ in many
parts of it.
A. altered
B. criticized
C. incorporated
D.
translated
9. Nobody will
ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for
him to come home.
A. over
B. with
C. down
D. through
10. While a
country
’
s economy is
becoming the most promising in the world, its
people should be
more ____________
about their quality of life.
A.
discriminating
B. distributing
C. disagreeing
D. disclosing
11. Cheated by two boys whom he had
trust on, Joseph promised to ____________ them.
A. find fault with
B. make the most of
C. look down upon
D. get even with
12. The
Minister
’
s _________ answer
let to an outcry from the Opposition.
A.
impressive
B. evasive
C. intensive
D. exhaustive
13. In proportion as the ____________
between classes within the nation disappears the
hostility
of one nation to another will
come to an end.
A. intolerance
B. pessimism
C.
injustice
D. antagonism
14. Everyone does their own thing, to
the point where a fifth-grade teacher
can
’
t __________ on a
fourth-grade teacher having taught
certain things.
A. count
B. insist
C. fall
D. dwell
15.
When
the
fire
broke
out
in
the
building,
the
people
lost
their
__________
and
ran
into
the
elevator.
A. hearts
B.
tempers
C. heads
D.
senses
16. Consumers deprived of the
information and advice they needed were quite
simply ___________
every cheat in the
marketplace.
A. at the
mercy of
B. in lieu of
C. by courtesy of
D. for the
price of
17. In fact the purchasing
power of a single person
’
s
pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of
the value of the _________ Singapore
pension.
A. equivalent
B. similar
C. consistent
D. identical
18.
He
became
aware
that
he
had
lost
his
audience
since
he
had
not
been
able
to
talk
____________.
A. honestly
B. graciously
C.
coherently
D. flexibly
19. The novel,
which is a work of art, exists not by its
_____________ life, but by its immeasurable
difference from life.
A.
significance in
B.
imagination at
C. resemblance to
D.
predominance over
20. She
was artful and could always ____________ her
parents in the end.
A. shout down
B.
get round
C. comply with
D. pass over
PART II
CLOZE
TEST
(15
minutes, 15 points)
Directions: For
each blank in the following passage, choose the
best answer from the four choices
given
in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding
letter of your choice with a single bar across
the square brackets on your Machine-
scoring Answer Sheet.
We are entering a
period in which rapid population growth, the
presence of deadly weapons, and
dwindling
resources will
bring
international
tensions
to
dangerous
levels
for
an extended
period.
Indeed,
21
seems no
reason for these levels of danger to subside
unless population equilibrium
is
22
and some rough measure of fairness
reached in the distribution of wealth among
nations.
23
of adequate magnitude imply a
willingness to redistribute income internationally
on a more
generous
24
than
the
advanced
nations
have
evidenced
within
their
own
domains.
The
required
increases
in
25
in
the
backward
regions
would
necessitate
gigantic
applications
of
energy merely to extract the
26
resources.
It
is
uncertain
whether
the
requisite
energy-producing
technology
exists,
and
more
serious,
27
that its application would bring us to
the threshold of an irreversible change in climate
28
a
consequence
of
the
enormous
addition
of
manmade
heat
to
the
atmosphere.
It
is
this
29
problem
that
poses
the
most
demanding
and
difficult
of
the
challenges.
The
existing
30
of
industrial
growth, with
no allowance
for
increased
industrialization
to
repair
global
poverty,
hold
31
the
risk
of
entering
the
danger
zone
of
climatic
change
in
as
32
as
three
or
four
generations. If the trajectory is in
fact pursued, industrial growth will
33
have to come to an
immediate
halt,
for
another
generation
or
two
along
that
34
would
literally
consume
human,
perhaps all life. The
terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the
extent that the wastage of
heat can be
reduced,
35
that technologies that do not add to
the atmospheric heat
burden
—
for
example, the use of solar
energy
—
can be utilized.
(1996)
21. A. one
B. it
C. this
D.
there
22. A. achieved
B. succeeded
C. produced
D. executed
23. A. Transfers
B. Transactions
C. Transports
D. Transcripts
24. A. extent
B. scale
C. measure
D. range
25. A. outgrowth
B. outcrop
C. output
D.
outcome
26. A. needed
B.
needy
C. needless
D. needing
27. A. possible
B. possibly
C. probable
D. probably
28. A. in
B. with
C. as
D. to
29. A.
least
B. late
C. latest
D.
last
30. A. race
B. pace
C. face
D. lace
31. A. on
B.
up
C. down
D.
out
32. A. less
B. fewer
C.
many
D. little
33. A. rather
B. hardly
C. then
D. yet
34. A. line
B. move
C. drive
D. track
35. A. if
B. or
C. while
D. as
PART III
READING COMPREHENSION
Section A
(60
minutes, 30 points)
Directions:
Below
each
of
the
following
passages
you
will
find
some
questions
or
incomplete
statements.
Each
question
or
statement
is
followed
by
four
choices
marked
A,
B, C,
and
D. Read
each passage carefully, and then select
the choice that best answers the question or
completes the
statement.
Mark
the
letter
of
your
choice
with
a
single
bar
across
the
square
brackets
on
your
Machine-
scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
The writing of a historical synthesis
involves integrating the materials available to
the historian into
a comprehensible
whole. The problem in writing a historical
synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or
impose a pattern upon, the detailed
information that has already been used to explain
the causes
for a historical event.
A synthesis seeks common elements in
which to interpret the contingent parts of a
historical
event.
The
initial
step,
therefore,
in
writing
a
historical
synthesis,
is
to
put
the
event
to
be
synthesized in a proper
historical perspective, so that the common
elements or strands making up
the event
can be determined. This can be accomplished by
analyzing the historical event as part of a
general
trend
or
continuum
in
history.
The
common
elements
that
are
familiar
to
the
event
will
become the ideological
framework in which the historian seeks to
synthesize. This is not to say that
any
factor will not have a greater relative value in
the historian
’
s handling of
the interrelated when
viewed in a broad
historical perspective.
The
historian,
in
synthesizing,
must
determine
the
extent
to
which
the
existing
hypotheses
have
similar
trends.
A
general
trend
line,
once
established,
will
enable
these
similar
trends
to
be
correlated and paralleled
within the conceptual framework of a common base.
A synthesis further
seeks
to
determine,
from existing
hypotheses,
why
an outcome
took
the
direction
it
did;
thus,
it
necessitates
reconstructing
the
spirit
of
the
times
in
order
to
assimilate
the
political,
social,
psychological, etc., factors within a
common base.
As such, the synthesis
becomes the logical construct in interpreting the
common ground between
an
original
explanation
of
an
outcome
(thesis)
and
the
reinterpretation
of
the
outcome
along
different
lines
(antithesis).
Therefore,
the
synthesis
necessitates
the
integration
of
the
materials
available into a comprehensible whole
which will in turn provide a new historical
perspective for
the event being
synthesized.
36. The author would mostly be
concerned with _____________.
A.
finding the most important cause for a particular
historical event
B. determining when
hypotheses need to be reinterpreted
C.
imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations
for the causes of a particular historical event
D. attributing many conditions that
together lead to a particular historical event or
to single motive
37. The most important
preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis
would be ____________.
A. to accumulate
sufficient reference material to explain an event
B. analyzing the historical event to
determine if a
“
single theme
theory
”
apples to
the event
C. determining the common
strands that make up a historical event
D. interpreting historical factors to
determine if one factor will have relatively
greater value
38. The best definition
for the term
“
historical
synthesis
”
would
be ______________.
A. combining
elements of different material into a unified
whole
B. a tentative theory set forth
as an explanation for an event
C. the
direct opposite of the original interpretation of
an event
D. interpreting historical
material to prove that history repeats itself
39. A historian seeks to reconstruct
the
“
spirit
”
of a time period because
____________.
A. the events in history
are more important than the people who make
history
B. existing hypotheses are
adequate in explaining historical events
C. this is the best method to determine
the single most important cause for a particular
action
D. varying factors can be
assimilated within a common base
40.
Which of the following statements would the author
consider false?
A. One
factor in a historical synthesis will not have a
greater value than other factors.
B. It is possible to analyze common
unifying points in hypotheses.
C. Historical events should be studied
as part of a continuum in history.
D. A synthesis seeks to determine why
an outcome took the direction it did.
Passage 2
When
you
call
the
police,
the
police
dispatcher
has
to
locate
the
car
nearest
you
that
is
free
to
respond.
This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the
status and location of every police
car
—
not an easy task for a
large department.
Another
problem, which arises when cars are assigned to
regular patrols, is that the patrols
may
be
too
regular.
If
criminals
find
out
that
police
cars
will
pass
a
particular
location
at
regular
intervals, they
simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol
is expected. Therefore, patrol cars
should pass by any particular location
at random times; the fact that a car just passed
should be no
guarantee that another one
is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering
the officers to patrol
at random would
lead to chaos.
A
computer
dispatching
system
can
solve
both
these
problems.
The
computer
has
no
trouble
keeping
track
of
the
status
and
location
of
each
car.
With
this
information,
it
can
determine
instantly
which
car
should
respond
to
an
incoming
call.
And
with
the
aid
of
a
pseudorandom
number
generator,
the
computer
can
assign
routine
patrols
so
that
criminals
can
’
t
predict
just
when
a police car will pass through a particular area.
(Before
computers,
police
sometimes
used
roulette
wheels
and
similar
devices
to
make
random
assignments.)
Computers also
can relieve police officers from constantly having
to report their status. The police
car
would contain a special automatic radio
transmitter and receiver. The officer would set a
dial on
this
unit
indicating
the
current
status
of
the
car
—
patrolling,
directing
traffic,
chasing
a
speeder,
answering a call,
out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, the
computer at headquarters could poll
the
car for its status. The voice radio channels would
not be clogged with cars constantly reporting
what they were doing. A computer in the
car automatically could determine the location of
the car,
perhaps using the LORAN
method. The location of the car also would be sent
automatically to the
headquarters
computer.
41. The best
title for this passage should be ___________.
A. Computers and Crimes
B.
Patrol Car Dispatching
C. The Powerful
Computers
D. The Police with Modern
Equipment
42. A police dispatcher is
NOT supposed to _____________.
A.
locate every patrol car
B. guarantee
cars on regular patrols
C. keep in
touch with each police car
D. find out
which car should respond to the incoming call
43. If the patrols are too regular,
_____________.
A. the dispatchers will
be bored with it
B. the officers may
become careless
C. the criminals may take advantage of
it
D. the streets will be in a state of
chaos
44. The computer dispatching
system is particularly good at ______________.
A. assigning cars to regular patrols
B. responding to the incoming calls
C. ordering
officers to report their location
D.
making routine patrols unpredictable
45.
According
to
the
account
in
the
last
paragraph,
how
can
a
patrol
car
be
located
without
computers?
A. Police officers report their status
constantly.
B. The headquarters poll
the car for its status.
C. A radio
transmitter and receiver is installed in a car.
D. A dial in the car indicates its
current status.
Passage 3
A
child who has once been pleased with a tale likes,
as a rule, to have it retold in identically the
same
words,
but
this
should
not
lead
parents
to
treat
printed
fairy
stories
as
sacred
texts.
It
is
always much better to
tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a
parent can produce what, in
the actual
circumstances of the time and the individual
child, is an improvement on the printed text,
so much the better.
A
charge
made
against
fairy
tales
is
that
they
harm
the
child
by
frightening
him
or
arousing
his
sadistic
impulse.
To
prove
the
latter,
one
would
have
to
show
in
a
controlled
experiment
that
children
who
have
read
fairy
stories
were
more
often
guilty
of
cruelty
than
those
who
had
not.
Aggressive,
destructive, sadistic impulses every child has
and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal
discharge seem to be rather a safety
valve than an incitement to overt action. As to
fears, there are,
I think, well-
authenticated cases of children being dangerously
terrified by some fairy story. Often,
however,
this
arises
from
the
child
having
heard
the
story
once.
Familiarity
with
the
story
by
repetition turns the pain
of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and
mastered.
There are also
people who object to fairy stories on the grounds
that they are not objectively true,
that
giants,
witches,
two-headed
dragons,
magic
carpets,
etc.,
do
not
exist;
and
that,
instead
of
indulging his fantasies in fairy tales,
the child should be taught how to adapt to reality
by studying
history and mechanics. I
find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic
and peculiar that I do
not know how to
argue with them. If their case were sound, the
world should be full of madmen
attempting
to
fly
from
New
York
to
Philadelphia
on
a
broomstick
or
covering
a
telephone
with
kisses in the belief that it was their
enchanted girl-friend.
No fairy story
ever claimed to be a description of the external
world and no sane child has ever
believed that it was.
46. According
to the author, the best way to retell a story to a
child is to ______________.
A. tell it
in a creative way
B.
take from it what the child likes
C.
add to it whatever at hand
D. read it
out of the story book.
47. In the second paragraph, which
statement best expresses the
author
’
s attitude towards
fairy
stories?
A. He sees in
them the worst of human nature.
B. He
dislikes everything about them.
C. He
regards them as more of a benefit than harms.
D. He is expectant of the experimental
results.
48.
According to the author, fairy stories are most
likely to ____________.
A. make
children aggressive the whole life
B.
incite destructiveness in children
C.
function as a safety valve for children
D. add children
’
s
enjoyment of cruelty to others
49. If the child has heard
some horror story for more than once, according to
the author, he would
probably be
______________.
A. scared to
death
B. taking it and even enjoying it
C. suffering more the pain of fear
D. dangerously terrified
50. The
author
’
s mention of
broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize
that ___________.
A. old fairy stories
keep updating themselves to cater for modern needs
B. fairy stories have claimed many
lives of victims
C. fairy stories have
thrown our world into chaos
D. fairy
stories are after all fairy stories
Passage 4
There
has
been
a
lot
of
hand-
wringing
over
the
death
of
Elizabeth
Steinberg.
Without
blaming
anyone
in
particular,
neighbors,
friends,
social
workers,
the
police
and
newspaper
editors
have
struggled to define the
community
’
s responsibility
to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As
the collective soul-searching
continues, there is a pervading sense that the
system failed her.
The fact is, in New
York State the system
couldn
’
t have saved her. It
is almost impossible to protect
a
child
from
violent
parents,
especially
if
they
are
white,
middle-class,
well-educated
and