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2016年国科大英语博士研究生考试试题

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2021-02-08 22:26
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2021年2月8日发(作者:鲜橙汁)


2016



中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试 试题




样题




SAMPLE TEST


UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES


ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION


FOR



DOCTORAL CANDIDATES


PAPER ONE


PART I



VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)


Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement,


and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on


your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.


1.


Ten


years


ago,


a


house


with


a


decent


bathroom


was


a


__________


symbol


among


university


professors.


A. post


















B. status













C. position



















D. place



2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support


of ___________ archaeological research.


A. legible
















B. legitimate


C. legislative















D. illicit


3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.


A. end

















B. hand


C. core
















D. best




4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country



s normal educational development.





A. impeded













B. imparted





C. implored















D. implemented


5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.





A. spell out














B. call upon






C. fall over














D. resort to



6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.


A. grossly
















B. severely


C. rapidly
















D. drastically




7.


Beneath


its


myriad


rules,


the


fundamental


purpose


of


___________


is


to


make


the


world


a


pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.


A. elitism




















B. eloquence






C. eminence















D. etiquette


8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek


philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.


A. altered
















B. criticized



C. incorporated















D. translated



9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home.


A. over

































B. with



C. down





































D. through



10. While a country



s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be


more ____________ about their quality of life.





A. discriminating









B. distributing





C. disagreeing












D. disclosing


11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to ____________ them.


A. find fault with




































B. make the most of


C. look down upon











































D. get even with


12. The Minister



s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.






A. impressive













B. evasive






C. intensive














D. exhaustive



13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility


of one nation to another will come to an end.


A. intolerance















B. pessimism


C. injustice














D. antagonism



14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can



t __________ on a


fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.


A. count



























































B. insist


C. fall































































D. dwell


15.


When


the


fire


broke


out


in


the


building,


the


people


lost


their


__________


and


ran


into


the


elevator.


A. hearts

















B. tempers


C. heads


















D. senses


16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________


every cheat in the marketplace.



A. at the mercy of











B. in lieu of


C. by courtesy of









D. for the price of


17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person



s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of


the value of the _________ Singapore pension.


A. equivalent













B. similar



C. consistent













D. identical


18.


He


became


aware


that


he


had


lost


his


audience


since


he


had


not


been


able


to


talk


____________.


A. honestly















B. graciously






C. coherently













D. flexibly


19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable


difference from life.


A. significance in











B. imagination at


C. resemblance to









D. predominance over



20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end.


A. shout down













B. get round







C. comply with
















D. pass over


PART II



CLOZE TEST




(15 minutes, 15 points)


Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices


given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across


the square brackets on your Machine- scoring Answer Sheet.


We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, and


dwindling


resources will


bring


international


tensions


to


dangerous


levels


for


an extended


period.


Indeed,



21



seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium


is



22



and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations.



23



of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more


generous



24



than


the


advanced


nations


have


evidenced


within


their


own



domains.


The


required


increases


in



25



in


the


backward


regions


would



necessitate


gigantic


applications


of


energy merely to extract the



26



resources.




It


is


uncertain


whether


the


requisite


energy-producing


technology


exists,


and


more


serious,



27



that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate




28



a


consequence


of


the


enormous


addition


of


manmade


heat


to


the


atmosphere.


It


is


this



29



problem


that


poses


the


most


demanding


and


difficult


of


the


challenges.


The


existing



30



of


industrial


growth, with


no allowance


for


increased


industrialization


to


repair


global


poverty,


hold



31




the


risk


of


entering


the


danger


zone


of


climatic


change


in


as



32



as


three


or


four


generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will




33




have to come to an


immediate


halt,


for


another


generation


or


two


along


that



34



would


literally


consume


human,


perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of


heat can be reduced,



35



that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burden



for


example, the use of solar energy



can be utilized. (1996)


21. A. one





B. it










C. this











D. there


22. A. achieved




B. succeeded







C. produced








D. executed


23. A. Transfers






B. Transactions




C. Transports






D. Transcripts


24. A. extent






B. scale











C. measure









D. range


25. A. outgrowth



B. outcrop









C. output










D. outcome


26. A. needed






B. needy







C. needless








D. needing



27. A. possible







B. possibly








C. probable








D. probably


28. A. in










B. with












C. as









D. to


29. A. least







B. late












C. latest









D. last


30. A. race








B. pace












C. face











D. lace


31. A. on









B. up














C. down











D. out


32. A. less








B. fewer











C. many











D. little


33. A. rather






B. hardly










C. then












D. yet


34. A. line








B. move












C. drive










D. track


35. A. if










B. or










C. while










D. as


PART III






READING COMPREHENSION






Section A



(60 minutes, 30 points)


Directions:


Below


each


of


the


following


passages


you


will


find


some


questions


or


incomplete


statements.


Each


question


or


statement


is


followed


by


four


choices


marked


A,


B, C,


and


D. Read


each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the


statement.


Mark


the


letter


of


your


choice


with


a


single


bar


across


the


square


brackets


on


your


Machine- scoring Answer Sheet.


Passage 1


The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into


a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or


impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes


for a historical event.






A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical


event.


The


initial


step,


therefore,


in


writing


a


historical


synthesis,


is


to


put


the


event


to


be


synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up


the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a


general


trend


or


continuum


in


history.


The


common


elements


that


are


familiar


to


the


event


will


become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that


any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian



s handling of the interrelated when


viewed in a broad historical perspective.


The


historian,


in


synthesizing,


must


determine


the


extent


to


which


the


existing


hypotheses


have


similar


trends.


A


general


trend


line,


once


established,


will


enable


these


similar


trends


to


be


correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further


seeks


to


determine,


from existing


hypotheses,


why


an outcome


took


the


direction


it


did;


thus,


it


necessitates


reconstructing


the


spirit


of


the


times


in


order


to


assimilate


the


political,


social,


psychological, etc., factors within a common base.


As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between


an


original


explanation


of


an


outcome


(thesis)


and


the


reinterpretation


of


the


outcome


along


different


lines


(antithesis).


Therefore,


the


synthesis


necessitates


the


integration


of


the


materials


available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for


the event being synthesized.





36. The author would mostly be concerned with _____________.


A. finding the most important cause for a particular historical event


B. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpreted


C. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical event


D. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive


37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be ____________.


A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an event


B. analyzing the historical event to determine if a



single theme theory




apples to the event


C. determining the common strands that make up a historical event


D. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value


38. The best definition for the term



historical synthesis




would be ______________.


A. combining elements of different material into a unified whole


B. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an event


C. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an event


D. interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself


39. A historian seeks to reconstruct the



spirit


< p>


of a time period because ____________.


A. the events in history are more important than the people who make history


B. existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical events


C. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular action


D. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base


40. Which of the following statements would the author consider false?



A. One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors.



B. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypotheses.



C. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history.



D. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction it did.



Passage 2


When


you


call


the


police,


the


police


dispatcher


has


to


locate


the


car


nearest


you


that


is


free


to


respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police car



not an easy task for a large department.






Another problem, which arises when cars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols


may


be


too


regular.


If


criminals


find


out


that


police


cars


will


pass


a


particular


location


at


regular


intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars


should pass by any particular location at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no


guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol


at random would lead to chaos.


A


computer


dispatching


system


can


solve


both


these


problems.


The


computer


has


no


trouble


keeping


track


of


the


status


and


location


of


each


car.


With


this


information,


it


can


determine


instantly


which


car


should


respond


to


an


incoming


call.


And


with


the


aid


of


a


pseudorandom


number


generator,


the


computer


can


assign


routine


patrols


so


that


criminals


can



t


predict


just


when a police car will pass through a particular area.


(Before


computers,


police


sometimes


used


roulette


wheels


and


similar


devices


to


make


random


assignments.)


Computers also can relieve police officers from constantly having to report their status. The police


car would contain a special automatic radio transmitter and receiver. The officer would set a dial on


this


unit


indicating


the


current


status


of


the


car



patrolling,


directing


traffic,


chasing


a


speeder,


answering a call, out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, the computer at headquarters could poll


the car for its status. The voice radio channels would not be clogged with cars constantly reporting


what they were doing. A computer in the car automatically could determine the location of the car,


perhaps using the LORAN method. The location of the car also would be sent automatically to the


headquarters computer.



41. The best title for this passage should be ___________.


A. Computers and Crimes


B. Patrol Car Dispatching


C. The Powerful Computers


D. The Police with Modern Equipment


42. A police dispatcher is NOT supposed to _____________.


A. locate every patrol car


B. guarantee cars on regular patrols


C. keep in touch with each police car


D. find out which car should respond to the incoming call


43. If the patrols are too regular, _____________.


A. the dispatchers will be bored with it


B. the officers may become careless




C. the criminals may take advantage of it


D. the streets will be in a state of chaos


44. The computer dispatching system is particularly good at ______________.


A. assigning cars to regular patrols


B. responding to the incoming calls












C. ordering officers to report their location


D. making routine patrols unpredictable


45.


According


to


the


account


in


the


last


paragraph,


how


can


a


patrol


car


be


located


without


computers?


A. Police officers report their status constantly.


B. The headquarters poll the car for its status.


C. A radio transmitter and receiver is installed in a car.


D. A dial in the car indicates its current status.


Passage 3


A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the


same


words,


but


this


should


not


lead


parents


to


treat


printed


fairy


stories


as


sacred


texts.


It


is


always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in


the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text,


so much the better.


A


charge


made


against


fairy


tales


is


that


they


harm


the


child


by


frightening


him


or


arousing


his


sadistic


impulse.


To


prove


the


latter,


one


would


have


to


show


in


a


controlled


experiment


that


children


who


have


read


fairy


stories


were


more


often


guilty


of


cruelty


than


those


who


had


not.


Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal


discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are,


I think, well- authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often,


however,


this


arises


from


the


child


having


heard


the


story


once.


Familiarity


with


the


story


by


repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.



































There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true,


that


giants,


witches,


two-headed


dragons,


magic


carpets,


etc.,


do


not


exist;


and


that,


instead


of


indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying


history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do


not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen


attempting


to


fly


from


New


York


to


Philadelphia


on


a


broomstick


or


covering


a


telephone


with


kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend.


No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever


believed that it was.













46. According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to ______________.


A. tell it in a creative way















B. take from it what the child likes


C. add to it whatever at hand


D. read it out of the story book.












47. In the second paragraph, which statement best expresses the author



s attitude towards fairy


stories?


A. He sees in them the worst of human nature.


B. He dislikes everything about them.


C. He regards them as more of a benefit than harms.


D. He is expectant of the experimental results.












48. According to the author, fairy stories are most likely to ____________.


A. make children aggressive the whole life


B. incite destructiveness in children


C. function as a safety valve for children


D. add children



s enjoyment of cruelty to others












49. If the child has heard some horror story for more than once, according to the author, he would


probably be ______________.














A. scared to death


B. taking it and even enjoying it


C. suffering more the pain of fear


D. dangerously terrified





















50. The author



s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize that ___________.


A. old fairy stories keep updating themselves to cater for modern needs


B. fairy stories have claimed many lives of victims


C. fairy stories have thrown our world into chaos


D. fairy stories are after all fairy stories


Passage 4


There


has


been


a


lot


of


hand- wringing


over


the


death


of


Elizabeth


Steinberg.


Without


blaming


anyone


in


particular,


neighbors,


friends,


social


workers,


the


police


and


newspaper


editors


have


struggled to define the community



s responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As


the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her.


The fact is, in New York State the system couldn



t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect


a


child


from


violent


parents,


especially


if


they


are


white,


middle-class,


well-educated


and

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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