英语专业八级阅读理解模拟试题及解析

的价值，按照作品中所提出的黑人个体的各观念对每个作品进行评价。

虽然小说确实是源于政治环境，但 作者反映这些环境的方法是非意识形态的，如把小说和故事

的讨论作为意识形态的工具， 则会忽视了许多小说的成就。罗森布莱特对黑人文学的分析揭示了黑

人小说着作间的密切 关系和联系，而纯粹政治研究中忽视了这些联系。

然而写出为人所接受的黑人小说评论的前提是要对许多问题做 出令人满意的回答。首先，除了

这些作家的种族身份外，是否有充分的理由可将黑人作家 的作品归于一类其次，黑人小说如何将自

己和其他现代小说分开它们大半属于同一时代的 作品。罗森布莱特的研究阐明了黑人小说已构成了

一个与众不同的作品群体，它们具有可 识别的、连贯的文学传统。着眼于最近八十年黑人创作的小

说，罗森布莱特揭示了小说中 与时代无关而反复出现的侧重点和布局。这些结构与主题相关，并不

让人感到惊奇的是， 它们源于这样一个中心事实，即小说中的黑人生存在一个白人文化支配的环境

中，不管他 们试图迎合这一文化还是反叛这一文化。

《黑人小说》确实对一些美学的问题没有给予回答，罗森布莱 特的主题分析允许相当的客观性；

他甚至直言，

对各个作品的优 劣判定不是他工作的意图

DD

然而他的犹豫看起来是不合时宜的 ，

尤其

是因为尝试评定可能会导致一些有趣的结果。例如，一些 小说所显示的结构散漫冗长。这是否是一

个缺陷，或者是作者这样做是出于一种美学考虑 ，还是作者试图创造一种不同类的美学另外，象金

图莫的《手杖》那样的黑人小说风格， 近于表现主义和超现实主义；难道这个技巧只是用更自然主

义的表现方式为表达流行的黑 人英勇反抗命运的主题提供一个对应物吗

尽管存在这些遗漏，罗森布莱特所做的包括他的讨论，已包括 了足以构成精明而有价值的研究

内容。

《黑人小说》考察了广泛 的小说，在此过程中我们的注意力被吸引到一些引人入胜但鲜为人知

的作品上，如詹姆士 威尔顿约翰逊的《一个曾是有色人的自传》

。这本书的主题结构紧密，直率、明

晰的风格例示了一种冷静而敏锐的文学评论。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析三

Bernard

Bailyn

has

recently

reinterpreted

the

early

history

of

the

United

States

by

applying

new

social

research

findings

on

the

experiences

of

European

migrants.

In

his

reinterpretation,

migration

becomes

the

organizing

principle

for

rewriting

the

history

of

preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.

The

first

of

these

asserts

that

residents

of

early

modern

England

moved

regularly

about

their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although at

first

the

colonies

held

little

positive

attraction

for

the

English

D

they

would

rather

have

stayed home D by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because

they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the

notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New

World community.

For example, the economic and demographic

character

of

early New England

towns varied considerably.

Bailyn's third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many

thousands

of

migrants:

one

group

came

as

indentured

servants,

another

came

to

acquire

land.

Surprisingly,

Bailyn

suggests

that

those

who

recruited

indentured

servants

were

the

driving

forces

of

transatlantic

migration.

These

colonial

entrepreneurs

helped

determine

the

social

character

of

people

who

came

to

preindustrial

North

America.

At

first,

thousands

of

unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730's, however, American employers demanded

skilled artisans.

Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the

European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part

of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial

periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as

Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what

of seventeenth- century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a

distinguished university, and published books Bailyn might respond that New England was

exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had

powerful effects on North American culture.

Although

Bailyn

goes

on

to

apply

his

approach

to

some

thousands

of

indentured

servants

who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the

political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how

we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the

period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising

that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed

west

to

ensure

their

personal

independence

by

acquiring

land.

Thus,

it

is

in

the

west

that

a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of

authority and intensely anti- aristocratic.

Which

of

the

following

statements

about

migrants

to

colonial

North

America

is

supported

by information in the text

[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured

servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.

[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at

making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.

[C]

Migrants

to

colonial

North

America

were

more

successful

at

acquiring

their

own

land

during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.

[D] By the 1730's,migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American

employers than were unskilled laborers.

The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to

[A] Give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the

colonies and England.

[B] Describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their

culture in the United States.

[C] Take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to

colonial North America specifically to acquire land.

[D]

Relate

the

experience

of

the

migrants

to

the

political

values

that

eventually

shaped

the character of the United States.

Which of the following best summarizes the author's evaluation of Bailyn's fourth

proposition

[A] It is totally implausible.

[B] It is partially acceptable.

[C] It is highly admirable.

[D] It is controversial though persuasive.

According

to

the

text,

Bailyn

and

the

author

agree

on

which

of

the

following

statements

about the culture of colonial New England

[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.

[B]

The

cultural

achievements

of

colonial

New

England

have

generally

been

unrecognized

by historians.

[C]

The

colonists

imitated

the

high

culture

of

England

，

and

did

not

develop

a

culture

that was uniquely their own.

[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.

The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following

statements about Bailyn's work

[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.

[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.

[C] Bailyn's

description

of the

colonies

as

part

of

an

Anglo-American empire

is