-
分析例题
【考试题目】
Many
people think it is very important to protect the
environment but they make no effort
to
do it themselves. Why do you think it is the case?
What actions can be done to suggest
individuals protect the
environment?
1.
Environmental problem is too big for
individual countries and individual people to
address. In other words, we have
reached the stage where the only way to protect
the
environment is at an international
level. To what extent do you agree or disagree
with
this opinion? (040228,
040515)
2.
Some people think that
companies and individuals, rather than the
government,
should pay for cleaning
pollution. To what extent do you agree or disagree
with this
statement?
(090711)
3.
Individuals can do nothing to improve
the environment. Only governments and large
companies can make a difference. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this
opinion? (070203,091031)
4.
Some people believe that environmental
problems are too big for individuals to deal
with, while others think that
individuals should take some action. Discuss both
views
and give your opinion.
(090221)
第一段交代问题，第二段列举理由，第三段给出解决方法，最后一段进行简单的总结。
I.
Introduction
：交代问题
1.
文章背景
< br>：从全球范围来看，环境恶化已经成为了
21
世纪最严重
的挑战之一。
Globally, environmental
degradation has been recognised as one of the main
challenges that people have to overcome
in the 21
st
century.
2.
交代问题
：
尽管媒体不断宣传，
但是今天的人们似乎仍然很少采取切实行动来保
护环境。
Despite the widespread media
coverage, few people actually take any
practical measures to protect the
environment.
3
．
正文结构
：
本文旨在探析这种现象的原因，
并且给出解决方法。
This essay aims
to explore the underlying factors
contributing to this phenomenon and present
some responsible solutions.
II.
Body
1
：
原因
1.
个人
：个人往往人为自己的力量
过于渺小，因此往往对环保采取消极态度
take a
pessimistic view towards environmental
protection.
2.
政府
：缺乏相关的立法，对破坏环境
的行为惩处不力。缺乏激励机制，很难鼓
励民众进行环保活动。
3.
社会
：现代生活对物质的过分追求导致人们过多选择了高能耗、一次性等不环
保的产品
energy-wasting and disposable
products
，例如大排量汽车
cars with
high discharge
volume
，一次性的饭盒与筷子
disposable
lunchboxes
and chopsticks
等，导致了资源的浪费和环境的污染。
III.
Body
2
：
解决方法
1.
政府
1
：
制定严格的法律和法规严惩破
坏环境者。
The government should
constitute more rigid laws and
regulations to punish those who pollute the
environment.
2.
政府
2
：
通过对高能耗、一次性产品征
收高昂的税收，减少人们的选用。
Heavy
taxation can be imposed on high energy-
wasting and disposable products, in
order to discourage people from using
them.
同时补贴环保产品，鼓励人们垃
< br>圾分类。
Meanwhile, the government should
subsidise environmentally friendly
products, and encourage people to
classify household garbage to facilitate
waste recycling.
3.
媒体：
通过做公益广告
public
service
advertisement
，多举办环保活动
launch
environment campaigns
，向公众宣传，
个人的力量积少成多就可以发挥很大的
力量。
Many a
mickle makes a muckle.
【谚语】
IV.
Conclusion
：
1.
重申问题
：
环境恶化如果得不到妥善解决，
将会给人类的将来生存构成
巨大的威
胁。
If not solved
properly, the rapid environmental deterioration
may pose a huge
threat to our survival
in the years ahead.
2.
总结方案
：
因此，
每一个
人都应该为保护环境承担自己的应尽的责任。
Therefore,
every citizen should shoulder their own
share of responsibility to protect the
environment.
论点
想法
?
?
Pros
?
?
?
?
?
?
Cons
?
?
?
?
?
Discuss
opinions
男女分校
single-sex
middle school
的好坏
防止早恋
avoid love
in early ages
?
disturb/
affect study
管理方便
convenient/ easy to manage
针对性
student-
oriented
communication/
interaction with the opposite sex/ gender
working
with/
cooperating
with
the
opposite
sex/
gender
enables
us
to
work
easier.
/
makes the task easier.
help the students to find
the other half
Model 1
Single-sex
high
schools
help
to
produce
better
students
because
there
are
fewer
distractions in these kinds of schools
than in co-educational school. Nowadays, students
are learning more than ever before, and
while they are trying to understand all this new
knowledge,
they
do
not
need
distractions.
If
boys
and
girls
are
studying
together,
they
may become more focused on each other
and not concentrate on the lesson. For example,
a male students might be more
interested in impressing a female peer than
listening to the
teacher; similarly,
female students might get into arguments over
popular boys, or spend
their
time
discussing
the
boys
in
their
class
instead
of
listening
to
the
teacher.
If
high
schools are single sex, these kinds of
distractions can be reduced.
Model 2
On the other hand, co-ed schools have
some advantages for teenagers because they offer
the opportunity to learn important
social skills. If young people only interact with
their
same
sex
peers,
they
may
not
feel
comfortable
in
mixed
company
when
they
go
to
university. For example,
they may never learn how to talk easily to the
opposite sex, and
they might do some
very foolish things when they first start to study
with the opposite sex.
While
they
are
learning
at
university,
they
need
to
focus
on
their
study.
If
they
are
socialising with
the opposite sex for the first time at
university, they
may be distracted
and they may neglect their studies and
focus on their social life instead.
比较级
表
示“
A
比
B
更
加
……”
基本形式为
”…
比较级
…than…”
如：
–
Environmental protection is less
important than economic development.
–
There are more
advantages than disadvantages in terms of
globalisation.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
有时候前面可以加上程度副词
far,
much
等
–
Studying in
schools has far more benefits than at home for
children, as they can
learn to
communicate with others.
但是，前后比较的对象必须一致！
–
The population
of Japan is more than China.
条件句型
If,
unless
等引导的句子叫做条件句，例如
–
If
the
government
spends
more
money
on
infrastructure,
people
will
enjoy
staying in rural areas.
–
Unless
the
government
spends
more
money
on
infrastructure
,
people
will
not
enjoy staying in rural
areas.
–
Unless=if…not…
Counter a
view
Model 1
Model 1
英语中的“让步”
Model 1
英语中的逻辑结构
Ex
：给下面一段话添加逻辑词
Ex
Let’s look at
an examp
le
In a
job interview, an interviewer interviews the
interviewee. And the interviewee answers
the questions put forward by the
interviewer. The interviewer will then consider
all the
qualities
of
the
interviewee
and
finally
decide
whether
the
interviewee
can
go
to
the
company.
So how to better it?
In
a
job
interview,
the
manager
asks
the
candidate .
And
the
job
hunter
answers
the
questions put forward by his potential
boss. The officer will then consider all the
qualities
of
the
possible
jobholder
and
finally
decide
whether
the
interviewee
can
go
to
the
company.
But there are some cases
where….
When people
communicate with each other, they are trying to
communicate about their
ideas and
thoughts. After the people who communicate
communicate for a certain time,
they
will get to know each other better and they will
communicate more.
When people communicate with each
other, they are trying to exchange their ideas and
thoughts. Communicators will get to
know each other better through communication and
they will become more communicative.
There are even
severer situations
A
few
people
think
that
governments
should
spend
money
on
saving
lesser-spoken
language.
One
argument
is
that
these
languages
means
the
different
cultures
from
different
countries,
so
saving
the
lesser-spoken
language
is
saving
different
cultures.
Another argument is that language is a
symbol of nation. If government does not protect
the lesser-spoken languages, nations
with only a few people would disappear following
the disappearance of a language.
?
一、社会经济发展
?
讨论是否将动物用于科学实验：
?
Some scientists
claim that experiments carried out on animals
would be crucial for
potential
breakthroughs in treating some of the most-feared
incurable diseases.
?
讨论社会道德下滑：
?
Development
of
science
and
technology
has
given
birth
to
materialism
and
capitalism
which
favor
the
research
for
economic
growth
and
freedom
of
men.
Consequently, no
spiritual, moral, and traditional values are taken
into account.
?
压力大的原因：
?
The
rapid
development
of
science
and
technology
makes
work
today
more
demanding than it used to
be.
?
亲情淡漠的原因：
?
The
availability
of
a
great
variety
of
high-tech
recreational
facilities
also
diverts
people from enjoying
chats with the members of their
families.
?
环保全球化的原因：
?
Developing
countries lack sufficient numbers of qualified
scientists and other skilled
personnel
to cope with the increasingly serious
environmental problems, such as the
ozone depletion, the marine pollution
and the like.
?
二、科技娱乐利弊
?
比如电脑
…
?
肉体
?
You don't have
to be a scientist to see that, due to overuse of
the computer, a lot of
kids get little
exercise, which makes them obese.
?
Another common
disadvantage is that playing too much on the
computer can cause
bad
eyesight.
?
灵魂
?
There is not deny in that with the
advent of technology, our patience grows
thin.
?
Media
violence
affects
children
by:
increasing
aggressiveness
and
anti-social
behavior;
intensifying their fear of becoming victims;
making them less sensitive to
violence
and to victims of violence; encouraging their
appetite for more violence in
entertainment and in real
life.
?
For
lack
of
face-to-face
contact,
modern
children
tend
to
be
more
introverted,
unsocial, isolated and indifferent than
those kids in last century.
?
三、权利和平等
?
动物的保护问题时，可以说：
?
Animals
are
not
created
for
humans
any
more
than
women
are
created
for
men,
black for white.
?
在写到政府是否该花钱来发展武器时，可以说：
?
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
advancement
of
military
technologies
is
one
of
the
greatest dangers to all
human rights, including the most basic right to
life itself.
?
在写到环境的重要性时，可以说：
?
All human
beings have the fundamental right to an
environment adequate for their
health
and well-being.
?
在写到传统的西方道德中对私有财产的尊重时，可以说：
?
Respect for
property is no less important than respect for
person. Indeed, respect for
property
is
one
species
of
respect
for
person.
Property
is
the
stuff
of
personal
independence. It is, therefore, an
economic foundation of freedom. A society in which
respect for property diminishes is one
in which freedom diminishes.
?
四、个人国家
?
?
运动员是否应该拿高薪：
?
Athletes’ sweat
and sacrifice physically and psychologically
m
ore than the average
people, which can justify their high
salary.
?
青少年犯罪的原因：
?
Young people’s
inexperience and gullibility easily lead them into
traps. (
个人
)
?
The
government
failing
to
establish
supporting
system
to
offer help
to
adolescents
can explain this
social issue.
(
国家
)
?
在男女平等的意义上使用个人和国家的分析角度也是很有效的：
?
Every woman is
worthy to be respected, educated, and safe from
exploitation. It is
our
responsibility
and
right
to
pray,
promote,
and
protect
the
human
and
divine
rights
of all. The world's stability and prosperity
depend on it.
?
The full and
equal participation of women in all spheres of
life is essential to social
and
economic development, the abolition of war, and
the ultimate establishment of a
united
world.
?
五、文化和道德
?
反对强势文化入侵
?
Globalization
might
undermine
cultural
diversity.
Multinational
corporations
promote
a
certain
kind
of
consumerist
culture,
in
which
standard
commodities,
promoted by
global marketing campaigns
，
exploiting basic material
desires, create
similar lifestyles,
which is so-called Coca- Colanization.
?
该不该撒谎：
?
The
dishonest
practice
of
telling
lies
will
produce
a
perverse
impact
on
one’s
personality.
?
教育类常用论据
?
学校和老师
?
传道授业解惑
–
Education can
be thought of as the transmission of the values
and accumulated
knowledge of a society.
?
个性化
–
Teachers are
more student-oriented than computers.
?
交流、互动
–
They can
socialise with their peers.
?
CAI
和自学
?
高效、准确、便捷
–
Studying online
is more efficient, accurate and convenient
?
形象生动，尤其是抽象概念
–
Learning
could
be
improved
through
the
employment
of
audiovisual
facilities,
especially in terms of abstract
concepts.
?
少小离家
?
Argument
?
独立
?
?
?
?
?
–
Children can become more independent
when they are receiving education.
交流
–
They can
socialise with their peers.
开拓视野
–
Schooling
broadens children’s horizon.
Counter-argument
思乡和危险
–
Studying abroad
may lead to homesickness or some possible risks.
误入歧途
–
It is likely
that children are lead astray by their peers.
?
接受能力
–
There’s a great possibility that kids
cannot absorb too much knowledge within a
short time.
?
Education
?
Some people say that the teaching
method with a teacher and students in a classroom
will
not exist by the year 2050. Do
you agree or disagree?(2010.12.18)
?
Education
?
Some people believe that children
should be sent to school as early as possible.
Others
think that children should be
sent to school after their seven years old.
Discuss both views
and give your
opinion. (2011.03.04)
?
?
?
?
Brainstorm
科技
利
方便、舒服、高效、省钱
–
Convenient,
comfortable , efficient and economical
?
促进发展
–
Promote the development of sth.
?
弊
?
人际交往差
–
Computer
addiction often cause alienation( isolation).
?
不利于健康
–
Physically
harmful
—
eye strain and
muscle fatigue
–
radiation
?
Science and
technology
?
Around the world more adults can work
from home and children can study at home as the
development of computer science has
become cheaper and more accessible. Discuss the
advantage and disadvantage of the
development.(2011.03.19)
?
?
?
?
Brainstorm
media
merits
宣传，知情权
–
The main role
of the media is publicity, which reflects our
rights to know.
?
教育意义
–
It is edifying.
?
加强家庭纽带
–
Media help to
strengthen family attachment when families get
together to watch
TV
.
?
demerits
?
欺骗；侵犯隐私
–
Information can
be frauds, and the way they obtain these
information may invade
others’
privacy.
?
黄色、暴力信息
–
Pornographic
and violent information
?
疏远
–
Alienated;
isolated
?
Media
?
Children
nowadays spend too much time watching TV and
playing
video games.
What
are the effects on children, families
and the society? What are the measures to solve
the
problem?(2010.09.25)
?
?
?
?
?
Media
Brainstorm
Role of the government
建造基础设施
–
infrastructure
construction
?
立法执法
–
Formulate laws
and regulations and enforce them strictly against
any violation
?
鼓励
–
Encourage
–
Encourage
people to take part in some interactive activities
–
?
?
?
?
?
Tourism
argument
increasing understanding between
nations
understand the people and
culture
?
?
?
?
?
Boost the economy
beautiful
scenery of the world and the wonders of mankind.
Counter-argument
tourists are often trapped
in big hotels and only gaze at the natives from a
distance.
Since tourists do
not have time to mix with the local people, they
cannot have a full view
of the local
culture.
?
Tourism creates pollution and has
destroyed many beautiful scenic spots.
模板句
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Advantages
基础句型<
/p>
1
：对
……
有好
处
There are several benefits
of …..
…. has many
benefits.
…. gives rise to a
varie
ty/ range of benefits.
One of the benefits of … is
….
…. is beneficial to
everyone.
… is the
beneficiary of …
上网对学习有益
Benefit
Surfing the internet benefits study.
Surfing the internet is
beneficial for study.
Study benefits
from surfing the internet.
Study is the beneficiary of surfing the
internet.
我们是科技的受益人
We are the beneficiaries of technology.
Beneficiary
运动对我们有好处
Sports have many benefits to us.
参加体育锻炼对我们很有好处
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Take part in
sports have many benefits.
Taking part
in sports have many benefits.
Taking
part in sports
has
many
benefits.
To take part in sports
_______ many benefits.
Ex
请用至少三种方式表达：
保护环境很重要
Environmental protection is
important.
Protecting the environment
is important.
To protect the
environment is important.
It is
important to protect the environment.
基
础句型
2
：有利于
……
运动有助于身体和肌肉发展。
Sports promote the
development of the body and muscles.
运动有利于身体健康
Sports help us to keep fit.
运动有利于我们避免肥胖和健康问题
Sports enable us to avoid obesity and
health problems.
运动有利于我们未来的生活和工作
Sports help us in our later lives and
in our jobs.
Put these
together, then we have…
运动对我们有很多好处。
运动有助于
身体和肌肉发展。运动有利于身体健康。运动有利于我们避免肥胖和健
康问题。运动有利
于我们未来的生活和工作
Sports have many benefits to us.
Sports
promote
the
development
of
the
body
and
muscles.
Sports
help
us
to
keep
fit.
Sports enable us to avoid obesity and
health problems. Sports help us in our later lives
and our jobs.
Put these together, then we have…
运动对我们有很多好处。运动有助于身体和肌肉发展。运动有
利于身体健康。运动
有利于我们避免肥胖和健康问题。运动有利于我们未来的生活和工作
Sports have
many benefits to us. Firstly, sports promote the
development of the body and
muscles.
Secondly, Sports help us to keep fit. Thirdly,
sports enable us to avoid obesity
and
health problems. Finally, Sports help us in our
later lives and our jobs.
Put these together, then we have…
运动对我们有很多好处。
首先运动有
助于身体和肌肉发展，
有利于身体健康。
其次，
身体更加健康有利于我们避免肥胖和健康问题，比如说心脏病和高血压。最后，运
动有利于我们未来的生活和工作，因为我们在运动中能够培养出有用的团队技能，
比如
团队协作能力以及策略。
Firstly, sports promote the development
of the body and muscles and help the players to
keep fit. Secondly, this increase in
physical fitness enables players to avoid obesity
and
health problems, such as heart
disease and high blood pressure. Thirdly, Sports
help us in
our later lives and our jobs
because we can develop useful group skills, such
as teamwork
and strategies.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Model 1
Playing
team sport is popular all over the world, and
participation in sporting activities,
for
example,
soccer
or
basketball,
has
many
benefits.
Firstly,
sport
promotes
the
development
of
the
body
and
muscles
and
helps
to
keep
the
players
fit.
Secondly,
this
increase in physical fitness enables
players to avoid obesity and health problems, such
as
heart
disease
and
high
blood
pressure.
In
addition,
sports
people
develop
useful
group
skills, such as team work, and
strategies. These skills can help them in their
later lives and
also in their jobs.
Finally, people often play sport for social
reasons, as it is a good way of
making
new friends and enjoying activities together.
There be
There
be…
有
……
–
上网有几大危害
–
There are
several hazards of getting on line.
–
所以应该要有一些法律法规来监管
–
Therefore,
there
should
be
some
laws
and
regulations
to
supervise
surfing
the
internet.
There can/ may/ should/ must be ….
可以
/
可能
/
应该
/
必须有
……
Ex
在学校上课有几大好处：
首先，孩子
可以与人交流；第二，老师的教学可以更有针对性（
student-oriented
）
；
第三，可以互相激励。
There are several
good points/ advantages/
benefits/ strong points/ strength/ merits/
blessings of
going to
school/ receiving schooling/ taking classes.
First, children
can communicate with others
second,
teaching methods can be more student-oriented;
third, competition can
encourage/ inspire students.
玩电脑游戏有很多好处。首先，电脑游戏作为一种娱乐方式，能够让我们在一天的
学
习工作之后放松身心；其次，通过不同的方式，游戏也对教育有好处，比如说游
戏鼓励玩
家独立做决策，逻辑思维等；还有，当我们和朋友一起玩游戏的时候，游
戏促进了我们的
友谊。
Playing
computer games has many benefits/ positive
effects.
First, computer games are
kind of entertainment/ computer games,
as an/ kind of entertainment, let us relax in
body/
make us physically and mentally
relaxed. Second, by/ through different ways,
computer
games
promote
education/
benefit
education/
are
beneficial
for
education/
help
in
education/
enable
us
to
study
better,
for
example,
they
encourage
players
to
make
decisions
independently
and
set
up/
establish/
have
logical
thinking.
Finally,
when
we
play computer games together with our
friends, they promote/ help in our friendship.
EX
科技
science
and
technology
发展对世界有许多好处。首先，它能促进经济发
展。信
息有效
effective
传递
，能加快交易，就能促进经济；其次，它能提高我们的生活水
平
living standard
。因为生活方便，如网购；接着，带来乐趣，比如游乐
园等；最后，
人与人的交流因此增加了
the
increase in communication…
，例如上网和全世界的人<
/p>
聊天聊天。因此，我们都是科技发展的受益人。
?
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Scientific development
Transmit
v.
Transmission n.
Effective
有效的
efficient
高效的
Entertainment
Amusement park
Convenient
adj.
Convenience
n.
Problems --- Reasons
基础句型
3
：
……
会有很多问题
但是，长时间玩游戏会导致有问题。
But a long time play computer games
have many problems.
But a
long time playing computer games has many
problems.
But playing computer games
for a long time has many problems.
But
playing computer games for a long time causes many
problems.
首先，人们会长时间玩游戏，忽略学习。如果人们熬夜，第二天起
床上课上班就有
困难。
Neglect study, stay up late, have
trouble, get up
第二，因为人们一直坐着
，就会缺乏锻炼。如果青少年在游戏上花的时间太多，且
不做任何运动，那么这就会导致
健康和肥胖问题。
lack
exercise, teenagers, waste, lead to, health and
obesity problems.
第三，几个小时多次使用控制器做重复运动会导
致视力和肌肉问题。
Console controls, repetitive movements,
eye strain and muscle problems
首先，人们会长时间玩游戏，忽略学习。如果人们熬夜，第二天起床上课上班就有
困难。
Firstly,
people can play computer games for a long time and
neglect their studies. If they
stay up
very late, they will have trouble getting up in
the morning for school or work.
第二，因为人们一直坐着，就会缺乏锻炼。如果青少年在游戏上花的时间太多，且
不做任何运动，那么这就会导致健康和肥胖问题。
Secondly,
people
will
lack
exercise
because
they
spend
so
much
time
sitting
down.
If
teenagers waste a lot of time playing
computer games and do no exercise, this can lead
to
health and obesity problems.
第三，几个小时多次使用控制器做重复运动会导致视力和肌肉问题。
Thirdly,
spending
hours
using
the
console
controls
and
making
repetitive
movements
many times can
cause eye strain and muscle problems.
Model 1
Playing
computer games for a long time, either
individually or with friends, causes a lot
of
problems.
One
major
issue
is
the
tendency
for
people
to
play
for
hours
and
neglect
their studies. If
they stay up very late, they will have trouble
getting up in the morning for
school or
work. Another issue is the lack of exercise
because the players spend so much
time
sitting
down.
If
teenagers
waste
a
lot
of
time
playing
on
the
computer
and
do
no
exercise, this can lead
to health and obesity problems. In addition,
spending hours using
the console
controls and making repetitive movements many
times can cause eye strain or
muscle
problems.
Model 1
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?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Playing computer games for a long time,
either individually or with friends, causes a lot
of
problems.
One
major
issue
is
the
tendency
for
people
to
play
for
hours
and
neglect
their studies. If
they stay up very late, they will have trouble
getting up in the morning for
school or
work. Another issue is the lack of exercise
because the players spend so much
time
sitting
down.
If
teenagers
waste
a
lot
of
time
playing
on
the
computer
and
do
no
exercise, this can lead
to health and obesity problems. In addition,
spending hours using
the console
controls and making repetitive movements many
times can cause eye strain or
muscle
problems.
规则一：大多数情况下，两个动词是不能原形连用的
–
我是爱你的。
–
I am love you.
–
我喜欢游泳
–
I like swim.
规则二：如果一定要连用，往往后者改成
ing
形式
–
I like
swimming.
–
I
hate doing my homework.
–
I spend hours playing games.
以下动词后加动词
ing
形式
Spend,
waste, have trouble, prefer, like, hate, love, end
up, continue, keep
…
导致
…
；
…
< br>是
…
的结果
A causes B
A leads to B
A gives rise to B
B can be
due to A
B results from A
B is a result of A
Example
挂科是因为长时间玩游戏
Playing games for a long time causes
failing the examination/ failure in examination.
Playing games for a long
time leads to failing the examination/ failure in
examination.
Playing
games
for
a
long
time
gives
rises
to
failing
the
examination/
failure
in
examination.
Failing the examination can be due to
playing games for a long time.
Failing
the examination results from playing games for a
long time.
Failing the examination is a
result of playing games for a long time.
Ex
Playing
computer games
–
you can lack
time for school work.
–
Playing computer games can
cause a lack of time for school work.
Contacting strangers on social
networking sites
—
you can
have a lot of problems.
–
Contacting strangers on social
networking site leads to a lot of problems.
Spending too many hours on the
computer
—
you can strain your
muscles.
–
Spending too many hours on the computer
leads to strain on muscles.
Not getting
enough exercise
—
you can have
poor health
–
Not
getting enough exercise leads to poor health.
Poor grades at
school
–
you spend too much
time at the computer
–
Poor grades at school results from
spending too much time at the computer.
?
不管是对个人还是对社会来说，科
技发展也有很多坏处，其中，第一大问题就是人
和人之间越来越疏远这样的趋势。如果人
们花很多时间依靠通讯工具交流，那么面
对面的交流就少了，人和人就疏远了。另外一个
问题就是缺少锻炼，如果人们过分
依赖科技，那么就会变懒，就可能不进行锻炼，对身体
不好。最后，科技还可能导
致环境污染。
1
、
AAA has
improved the quality of our lives and are playing
an important role
in
our
daily
life.
The
benefits
AAA
brings
to
us
are
far
more
than
its
disadvantages.
However,
we cannot ignore its problem.
2
、
On
the positive side, AAA has enabled us to (1)
此处填入
AAA
的优势之一。
For instance,
（
2
）举例说明优势之一。
Besides, (3)AAA
的优势之二。
Nowadays, (4)
举例说明优势之二。
In
addition,
（
5
）
AAA
的优势之三。
3
、
On the negative
side, (6)
此处填入
AAA
的劣势之一。
For example,(7)
举例说明劣势之一。
Besides,(8)AAA
的劣势之二。
Furthermore,(9)AAA
的劣势之三。
4
、
All
in
all,
we
can
not
live
without
AAA
for
the
conveniences
it
brings
to
us,
but
we
should
also be aware of the
negative effects it creates on the modern life.
分析型
1
、
Recently the...has been
brought into focus...Nowhere in history has the
issue been more
visible. In this essay,
I aim to explore this complicated phenomenon from
diverse
perspectives, identify the
relevant contributing factors and bring up some
effective
measures.
2
、
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
an
array
of
integrated
factors
contributes
to
the
...The
first
role that should be blamed is...Another
equally important factor lies in? Last but not
least...
3
、
As
a
matter
of
fact,
...gives
rise
to
a
host
of
problems,
such
as...Confronted
with
such
a
thorny
issue,
people
come
up
with
a
variety
of
constructive
countermeasures.
Personally,
the following are worth
recommendation...
4
、
When
everyone
is
fully
aware
of
the
severity
and
take
feasible
measures,
I
firmly
believe...
一面倒
1
、
.NO invention
has received more praises and
abuses
than cars? Now there is a growing
awareness over traffic safety.
2
、Although
some
people
acclaim
that?
I
am
still
prone
to
go
along
with
the
other
side
based
on the following sound
reasons...
3
、
To
embark on it, it comes as the first problem
that...
4
、Should it remain
unable to unfold my perspectives, it'll come as
reinforcement that?
5
、
It is
indisputable that nowhere in history has...been
more visible. As far as I am
concerned?
TASK 1
(
一
)
信息描述或数据比较
?
1
、
The graph
illustrates (1)
总体介绍图表情况。
According to the
graph, in YEAR1,(2)YEAR1
年的信息描述。
For
example,
(3)
举例说明。
However
by
YEAR2,(4)YEAR2
的信息描述。
During
the
same period, there was a large increase
in (5)
描述数据转变。
In YEAR1, (6)
提供
YEAR1
的
数据。
In contrast,
by YEAR2,
（
7
）提供
YEAR2
的数据。
We can conclude from
this that(8)
总结图表最突出的特点。
2
、
The
two pie charts describe (1)
总体介绍图表情况。
This first point to
note is (2)
图
表提供的第一条信息。
Comparing the graphs,(3)
两幅表比较。
The graph also suggest
that (4)
图表说明的问题。
In
conclusion, it can be seen from the data that (5)
总结图表数据所证明
的内容。
The
most noticeable thing is (6)
总结图表最突出的特点。
3
、
The first graph
illustrates (1)
总体介绍图表情况。
The
second graph shows(2)
图表提供
的第一条信息。
The
first
graph
reveals
that
(3)
描述图表说明的问题。
The
second
graph
tells
us that (4)
图表说明的问题。
As can be seen from
the two graphs that (5)
总结图表最突出的
特点。
4
、
The
two pie charts show (1)
总体介绍图表情况。
And the column
chart gives reasons.
Overall,(2)
三幅图整体上所提供的信息。
The
pie
charts
shows
that
(3)
图表提供的第一条信息。
The highest
percentage of (4)
图表说明的问题
is
(5)%. However, this is less than the
percentage
of
(6)
图表说明的问题
for
some
reasons,
which
is
approximately
(7)%.
The
common
reasons of (8)are
（
9
）原因。
It is apparent that (10)
描述数据所表明的内容。
5
、
The
indicators
used
in
the
table
reflect
that(1)
总体介绍图表情况。
The
data
concerning
(2)
填入指数
1
indicators
shows
that
(3)
指数反映的情况。
There
figures
are
overwhelmingly
greater
than
the
corresponding
figures
of
(4)
填入
1
个信息主体。（
5
）填入指数
2
reflect
(6)
指数反映的情况。
As
for
(7)
指数
3
indicators,
it
roughly
follows
the
same
ranking.
(8)
指数
3
反映的情况。
According
to
(9)
指数
4
it
can
be
seen
that
(10)
指数反映的情况。
The
data
appears to confirm that (11)
描述数据所表明的内
容。
(
二
)
描述事件的具体步骤或过程
The
chart
shows
that
there
are
four
stages
to
complete
(1)
此处填入一件具体的事情。
The
first
stage is (2) The
second stage involves (3) ,(4) is the third stage.
First of all, (5)
完
成步骤三的第一步
Then (6)
完成步骤三的第二步。
The last stage
consisits of
(7) .
(
三
)
描述一事物说明她的工作程序
AAA
is
(1)
the
diagram
shows
it’s
construction
and
how
it
works.
It
mainly
consist
s
of
(2)AAA
的组成部分。
AAA
works as follows : first (3) then (4) Afterwards,
(5) . At last, (6) .
T
ASK 2
命题形式一：对立观点式
（一）
A or B ,which one do you
agree with? Give specific reasons for your answer.
(A,B
表
示供选择的两种观点。
Do C
指题目中提及的某件事情。如：
some people
prefer A in order to Do
C.
1
、
A much debated
issue these days is whether A or B. Some people
say that A. Others claim
B. For my
part, I agree with those who stree A. Sudies have
shown that (1)
赞同
A
的原因
之一。
Moreover,
(2)
赞同
A
的原因之二。
Nevertheless,
it
would
be
a
mistake
to
discount
the
impact
of
B.
We
all
know
that
(3)
列举
B
的优势。
For
instance,
(4)
举例说明
B
的优势。
However,
I
think that without A,B will fail to (5)
总结观点。
2
、
Some people
hold the opinion of A. Others, however, believe B.
there are advantages and
disadvantages
on both sides. Accounting to my personality and
foundness, I would prefer A
rather
than
B.
Although
B(1)B
的优势，
there
is
no
evidence
to
suggest
that
B
is
better
than
A. Firstly, (2)
选择
A
的第一个原因。
Secendly, (3)
选择
A
的第二个原因。
We can see that
(4)
举例说明选择
A
的第二个原因。
Furthermore, (5)
选择
A
的第三个原因。
For instance,
（
6
）举例说明选择
A
的第三个原因。
So, as I see it, (7)
总结观点。
3
、
As
for
the
question
that
which
is
better,
A
or
B,
different
people
have
different
opinions.
A has its advantages, but at the mean
time, it has many
disadvantages. In my
point of view,
I would prefer B. First
of all, (1)
支持
B
的原因之一。
For example, (2)
举例说明支持
B
的
原因之一。
Another
reason
is
that
(3)
支持
B
的原因之二。
The
third
reason,
however,
goes
this
way:
(4)
支持
B
的原因之三。
So from what has been
discussed, one can reach only this
conclusion that (5)
重申观
点。
4
、
Some
people
believe
A,
they
point
out
the
fact
that
(1)
人们支持
A
的原因。
However,
other
people
believe
B.
They
hold
that
(2)
人们支持
B
的原因。As
far
as
I’m
concerned,
I
prefer
A. As we all know (3)
我支持
A
的原因之一。
I remrember (4)
举例说明。
In addition, (5)
我
支持
A
的原因之二。
On
the
other
hand,
(6)
从反面论证
A
的优势。
Last
but
not
least,
(7)
我
支持
A
的原因之三。
As a matter of fact,
there are also some disadvantages in A
，
such as
(8)
举例说明
A
的劣势。
But these can be
compensated by its
advantages.
5
、
There are two
different views on the matter of DOING C. Some
people believe that (1)
支
持的观点
A.
By
this
,
they
argue
that
(2)
进一步阐述观点
A.
For
example,(3)
举例说明。
Others
hold,
on the other hand, that (4)
反对的观点
B
。
Forthermore,(5)
进一步阐述观点
B. For
instance,(6)
举例说明观点
B
。
Considering
the
views
on
the
two
sides,
I
prefer
to
put
weight
to the pros rather
than cons. Personally, (7)
我支持
A
的原
因。
（二）
给出两个对立的事物或一个事
物对立的两个方面，
要求考生比较两者的优缺点并提供理由。
S
ome
people believe AAA while others
believe BBB. Give advantages and disadvantages of
the two
positions and explain which
position you support. Give reasons for your
answer.
1
、
AAA
has
improved
the
quality
of
our
lives
and
played
an
important
role
in
our
daily
life.
The
benefits
AAA
brings
to
us
are
far
more
than
its
disadvantages.
However,
it
also
creates
some problems as well. On the postive
side, AAA has enabled us to (1)
此处填入
AAA
的优
势之一。
For
instance,
(2)
举例说明优势之一。
Besides,
(3)AAA
的优势之二。
Nowadays,
(4)
举
例说明优势之二。
In
addition,
(5)AAA
的优势之三。
On
the
negative
side,
(6)
此处填入
AAA
的
劣势之一。
For
example,
(7)
举例说明劣势之一。
Also,
(8)AAA
的劣势之二。
Furthermore,
(9)AAA
的劣势之三。All in all , we
can’t live without AAA for the conveniences it
brings to us,
but we should also be
aware of the negative effacts it creates on the
modern life.
2
、
Some people
believe AAA, but others claim BBB, while both have
their advantages and
disadvantages,
they can be applied under different circumstances.
For AAA,(1)
优势之一。
However, in some cases, there are some
negative effects. Most seriously, (2)AAA
的第一个
劣势。
Moreover,(3)AAA
的第二个劣势。
Again,(4)AAA
的第三个劣势。
On the other hand,
(5)BBB
的优势。
For
example,
(6)
举例说明
BBB
的优势。
In
my
opinion,
the
advantages
of
BBB
are
more
than
those
of
AAA,
because
BBB
fits
me
in
two
ways:first,(7)
我支持
BBB
的原因之一。
Second,(8)
我支持
BBB
的原因之二。
3
、
AAA
may
involve
some
problems
in
terms
of
its
cost.
However,
there
are
stell
many
advantages
of
AAA.
First
of
all,
(1)AAA
的优势之一。
Furthermore,
(2)AAA
的优势之二。
Finally,
(3)AAA
的优势之三。
Some people claim that
(4)
人们反对
AAA
的理由之一。I don’t think this is
altogether true. In fact,(5)
举例说明
. People also say that
(6)
人们反对
AAA
的另一个理
由
.
It
is true that such cases
do exist in out
life.
However, these cases are uncommon
and
are
the
result
of
bad
management.
So
the
problems
are
in
fact
the
problems
of
bad
management,
not
AAA
itself.
In
conclusion,
there
are
more
advantages
than
disadvantages
of
AAA.
In
most
cases, therefore, the cost is
justified.
4
、
There is a good
side and a bad side to everything. Without
exception, AAAhas brought us
not
only
benefits
but
also
risks.
As
we
know
that
(1)AAA
的一个劣势。
However,
this
does
not
mean AAA has no benefits. It is obvious
that (2)AAA
的优势之一。
Also,
(3)AAA
的优势之二。
A
final
point
is
that
(4)AAA
的优势之三。
For
example,
(5)
举例说明。
Although
there
is
a
great
deal of enthusiasm
nowadays over the advantages of AAA, its
disadvantages should not be
neglected.
Most
importantly,
(6)AAA
的劣势之一。
Furthermore,(7)AAA
的劣势之二。
Last
but
not
least, (8)AAA
的劣势之三。
However, we can avoid
the negative effects with appropriate
management such as (9)
列举控制
AAA
负面影响的措施。
So as shown above, I
consider the
advantages outweigh the
disadvantaghes.
命题形式二：单一观点式
（一）
Statement A about AAA.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give
specific
reasons and examples to
support your answer.
1
、
I
full agree with the argument that (1)
支持观点
A. For one thing (2)
支持观点
A
的
原因之一。
For
another,
(3)
支持观点
A
的原因之二。
History
has
told
us
that
(4)
历史证明
A
的正确性。
For example, (5)
举例证明。
Furthermore, (6)
进一步阐述
A
的正确性。
But some
people stubbornly
cling
to (7)
人们反对观点
A.
If we
listen to these people
we will (8)
听
从那些人会产生的后果。
In
conclusion, I think we should not (9)
我们不应该怎麽做。
On the
contrary, we should (10)
我们应该怎麽做。
2
、
According to
the opinion of some people , there are quite
different attitudes towards
AAA.
Some
claim
that
(1)
人们的观点
AAA.
However,
I
can
not
agree
(2)
我反对观点
AAA.
First,
(3)
我反对
AAA
的第一个理由。
That is to say (4)
进一步阐述。
Second, (5)
我反对
AAA
的第
二个理由。
In
fact,
(6)
举例说明。
Finally,
(7)
我反对
AAA
的第三个理由。
To
sum
up,
(8)
总
结我的观点。
But
it
is
also
necessary
to
stress
that
(9)
退一步总结。
3
、
It
is often said that (1)
题目所给的观点。
Those who hold this
view say that (2)
进一
步阐述该观点。
I
disagree with this point of view for the following
reasons. The first and
goremost one is
(3)
我反对的理由之一。
History
presented many examples(4)
举例说明。
My
second
reason is (5)
我反对的理由之二。We can learn
this from the saying “(6)
用一句谚
语说明
”.
Finally, it seems to be true that (7)
此处填入该观点的可取之处。
But (8)
我反
对的理由之三。
All in
all, I firmly believe that (9)
总结我的观
点。
4
、
The
problem
is
a
much
debated
one
in
that
it
affects
everybody
in
their
daily
lives.
People
may
prefer one to another, although some have no
opinion about it. But if I am concerned,
I find it hard to agree with AAA. First
of all, (1)
我反对
AAA
的第一个理由。
It is common
in daily life that(2)
举例说明。
Aother thing I should
point out is that (3)
我反对
AAA
的
第二个理由。
Moreov
er,(4)
我反对
AAA
的第三个理由。
In
general,
AAA
may
have
something
right
in special cases. But
it is necessarity a bad thing to (5)AAA
的缺陷。
To my mind, (6)
总
结我的观点。
5
、
There is a
growing tendeney these days for people to do AAA.
Many people criticize this
because they
think (1)
人们观点
AAA. They
also say that (2)
进一步阐述观点
AAA.
But
it
seems
to
me
that
AAA
is
useful
to
(3)AAA
的好处之一。
I
firmly
believe
that
it
is
not
only
useful but also necessary to (4)AAA
的好处之二。
Examples can be easily
found (5)
举
例说明。
As
a
result,
(6)
进一步说明
AAA
的好处。
So,
based
on
the
above
discussion,
I
argue
that (7)
总结我的观
点。
（二）给一个论点，
主要是对两个事
务进行比较的陈述，要求考生支持或反对并给出理由。具体表现
如下：
< br> A
is
superior
to
B
in
DOING
C.
Do
you
agree
or
disagree?
Give
reasons
for
your
answer.
1
、
Something we
all cannot neglect as we get older is to accept
the opinions of others. On
the question
whether it is better to CHOOSE A or CHOOSE B, I
have long admitled that A has
a strong
argument. Privately ,however,(1)
提出自己的观点支持
B. I disagree with
the above
statement
and
support
the
superiority
of
Ｂ
.
Although(2)A
具备的优势。
There
is
no
evidence
to
suggest
that
(3)A
胜于
B.
What’s
more,
(4)A
的一个缺点。
It
also
has
been
said
that
(5)A
的第二个缺点。
To
be
sure,
(6)
支持
B
的一个理由。
Another
thing
why
I
dispute
the
statement
above is that I am
very sure that (7)
支持
B
的另一个理由。
For example, (8)
举例说明。
In
conclusion, A could never equal B (9)A
和
B
的比较，总结观点。
2
、
This
controversy
deseribes
the
dilcmma
faced
by
many
people.
As
for
me,
I
agree
with
the
above statement that A
is superior to B in DOING
Ｃ
.
It is an obvious fact that (1)
赞同
A
比
B
好的第一个原因。
For
instance,
(2)
举例说明。
Another
reason
I
should
point
out
lies
in
the
fact
that
(3)
赞同
A
比
B
好的第二个原因。In
today’s
world,(4) 举例说明。
This
may
explain why A is better
than B. on the other hand , a common sense goes
that (5)B
的劣势
之一。
Moreover,
(6)B
的劣势之二。
To conclude,(7)
总结我的观点。
命题形式三：开放观点式
Argument A (and B) about DOING
Ｃ
. What’s your
opinion about it ?
1
、
An
important
question
facing
us
today
is
(1)
提出问题。
Some
argue
that
(2)
观点
A.
For
example, (3)
举例说明观点
A. Again, (4)
进一步阐述观点
nts of this view say
that
(5)
观点
B.
They claim that (6)
全面阐述
my
part, there are merits to both of these
arguments. We should (7)
我们应该赞同
A
。
At the same time, (8)
同时也不能忽视
B.
2
、
Nowadays almost
everynoe discusses about wheth
er AAA is
desirable. People’s views on
it
are
differient.
Some
people
believe
A.
they
argue
that
(1)
阐述观点
A.
People
who
believe
B, on
the other hand ,argue that (2)
阐述观点
B. They maintain that
(3)
进一步阐述观点
B. There is
certain some truth on both sides, yet neither
provides a satisfactory answer.
In my
view, (4)
我的观点。
We should (5)
进一步阐述我的观点。
As such, (6)
这样做能带来的
好处。
3
、
AAA
is a question of controversy. People have
different notions about the matter: some
hold that (1)
观点
A. Others think (2)
观点
B.
Therefore, I would like to have a look at
the question in this essay. One of the
strong points is that (3)AAA
的优势之一。
Moreover,
(4)AAA
的优势之二。
In
fact,
(5)
举例说明。
On
the
other
hand,
(6)AAA
的劣势之一。
In
addition,
(7)AAA
的劣势之二。
For
example,
(8)
举例说明。
As
shown
above,
I
would
like
to
say
that
(9)
总结我的观点。
So, each case should
be reviewed and coucluded on the basis of facts.
4
、
People
who
support
AAA
hold
that
(1)
观点
A.
Perhaps
this
is
true,
but
it
can
not
be
denied
that (2)
我提出反对意见。
I think it is important to take a glance at the
argument on both
sides. On one side
,people may have reasons to believe AAA. The most
important reason is
(3)
人们支持
AAA
的理由之一。
In
addition,(4)
人们支持
AAA
的理由之二。
For
instance,
(5)
举
例说明。
Moreover,
(6)
人们支持
AAA
的理由之三。
On
the
other
hand,
people
who
attack
AAA
claim
that
(7)
观点
B. They also say that
there will be problems of (8)AAA
带来的问题。
As far
as
I am concerned, I come to the notion that
everything in the world has its own two sides.
Generally,
AAA
is
acceptable
in
some
cases.
However,
problems
do
exist.
We
should
take
more
efficient measues to avoid and minimize
them.
5
、
Nowadays, (1)
题目中问题。
However, this
situation has raised controversy. Some people
say that(2)
观点
A.
They point out that (3)
进一步阐述观点
A. For example,(4)
举例说明。
On the other hand,
others say that (5)
观点
B. In
my opinion, neither sider is completely
reght. It is true that (6)
我的观点。
For instance, (7)
举例说明。
However, (8)
从反面来平衡我的观点。
命题形式四：报告文
A
specific
problem
AAA,
suggest
possible
solutions
(A,B,??)or
recommendations
(A,B,??).
Give reasons for
your answer.
1
、
Nowadays
AAA
has
become
a
serious
problem
in
many
countries.
The
reasons
for
this
behavior
are
not
clear
,
but
some
sociologists
claim
that
(1)
社会学家认为导致问题的原因。
As
a
matter
of
fact,
(2)
进一步阐述此问题的原因。
Consequently,
(3)
该原因产生的结果。
In
my
point
of
view,
a possible cause of
the problem is that (4)
我认为导致问题的原因之一。
Also, (5)
我人们导
致问题的原因之二。
The
effects
of
this
are
well
known,
(6)AAA
造成的影响之一。
Furthermore,
(7)AAA
造成的影响结果之二。
The
cost
to
society
is
great.(8)
社会上付出的代价。
To
conclude,
I recommend that
the only sensible way to solve this problem is (9)
总结并提出建议。
2
、
People
how
are
well
aware
of
the
problems
AAA
creates:
(1)AAA
带来的问题。
The
solution,
I
think,
is
for
government
to
(2)
政府所要解决的问题。
One
way
is
that
(3)
措施之一。
There
is also another way (4)
措施之二。
Moreover, (5)
措施之三。
Indeed, we should make
great
efforts to solve this problem(6)
总结自己的观
点。
3
、
In
most countries AAA is causing a considerable
number of problems. In some countries
it is difficult to (1)
阐述
AAA
带来的第一个问题。
In addition, (2)AAA
带来的第二个问题。
Also,(3)AAA
带来的第三个问题。
In
my
opinion,
there
are
two
main
solutions
to
the
discussed
question.
Firstly,
(4)
第一个解决方案。
Secondly,
(5)
第二个解决方案。
This
is
beginning
to
habe an effect in some countries. I
believe that other countries will also tade this
way
to solve the problem in the near
future. To sum up, if the problem continues, the
effects
will be great. So we should (6)
总结观点。
4
、
It is very
difficult to (1)
提出问题。
There
have been several attempts, but they have
had
generally
little
or
no
success.
There
methods
are
usually
ineffective
for
many
reasons.
First,
(2)
这些方法不奏效的原因之一。
Second,(3)
这些方法不奏效的原因之二。
In
addition,
(4)
这些方法不奏效的原因之三。
Another
attempt
is
(5)
提出另一种尝试。
In
my
opinion,
this
is
a
waste of money and labor,
(6)
我认为这种尝试不奏效的原因之一。
Also,(7)
我人们这种尝试不
奏效的原因之二。
T
o conclude, no current methods as mentioned above
are effective. I think
governments as
well as individuals need to work harder to find a
realistic solution.
5
、One of the most
challenging problems of today’s world is that (1)
提出问题。It’s not
only a question of the
government but also a question of the individuals.
I would like to
discuss the possible
solutions. First, (2)
第一个解决方案。
The advantage of
this solution
is
that
(3)
第一个解决方案的优点点。
The
secoud
one
is
(4)
第二个解决方案。
By
this
method,(5)
第二个解决方案的优点。
Unfortunately,
this
is
not
a
truly
available
solution
as
the
reality
in
our
country
shows.
Another
way
of
solving
the
problem
is
to
(6)
第三个解决方案。
This
does
not seem a very fair
one because (7)
第三个解决方案不好的原因。
One frther
solution here I
can
find
is
(8)
第四个解决方案。
However,
(9)
第四个解决方案的不足之处。In
sum,
it’s
true
that
we
can
not
find
a
definite
solution
for
this
problem.
Each
of
the
solution
I
presented
has both
advantages
and
disadvantages. But I believe
it
can
be
only a
matter
of
time in the
future.
词性替换
Firstly
:
previously,
beforehand,
foremost,
initially,
originally,
formerly,
principally,
ma
inly,
essentially,
basically,
generally,
commonly,
universally,
on
the
whole,
fundament
ally,
to
begin
with,
to
start
with,
first
of
all,
at
the
outset…
Then
:
subsequently,
afterward,
thereafter,
after
that,
succeeding
(adj.),
secondarily,
what
is
more,
furthermore
(further
more)…
Lastly:
ultimately,
eventually,
in
conclusion,
to
conclude,
as
a
final
point,
last
of
all,
last
but
not
least,
finally…
Too
:
as
well
(
句末
),
in
addition,
besides,
moreover,
additionally,
to
boot,
excessively,
also…
And
:
plus,
as
well
as,
along
with,
in
addition,
bonus,
with…
+Or:
otherwise,
if
not,
before,
or
else…
So
(adv):
therefore,
thus,
consequently,
accordingly,
as
a
result,
for
that
reason,
he
nce,
that’s
why
Because
:
as,
due
to,
since,
as
to,
in
that,
for
the
reason
that,
for,
now
that…
But
:
however,
moreover,
nevertheless,
nonetheless,
on
the
contrary,
on
the
other
h
and,
让步
although,
even
thought,
though,
even
if,
while,
as,
despite
the
fact
that…
Only:
just,
merely,
barely,
si
ngly,
solely,
rarely…
Without:
excluding,
Very
:
extremely,
acutely,
decidedly,
deeply,
exceedingly,
greatly,
highly,
uncommonl
y,
profoundly,
unusually…
Actually
:
as
a
matter
of
fact,
indeed,
in
fact,
in
point
of
fact,
in
reality,
in
truth,
li
terally,
truly
…
形容词
/
副词
Important
:
essential,
significant,
vital,
crucial
,
profound,
play
a
pushing
role,
indispensable,
requisite,
critical,
fundamental,
primary,
elementary,
underlying,
rudi
mentary,
basically,
necessary…
-
附加
-
傻句替换：
I
think
that
A
is
more
important
than
B.
(
< br>这是经典大傻句！以下句中
的
'important'<
/p>
可随意替换同义词）
1.
A
is
important
to
B.
2.
A
plays
an/
a
important
role
to
B.
3.
A
is
of
(greatenormoussignificantawesome)
to
B.
4.
B
can
not
(livedevelopedgrowsurviveachieve)
without
A.
5.
A
means
(a
lota
great
dealmuch)
to
B.
6.
The
importance
of
A
(to
B)
can
never
be
< br>(exaggerateddeniedignoreddoubte
d).
7.
A
is
everything
/the
whole
world
to
B.
8.
B
is
fundamental
on
A.
9.
A
matters
/counts
to
B.
10.
Nothing
is
more
crucial
to
B
than
A.
11.
A
is
to
B
what
the
(foundation
is
to
a
skyscraperwater
is
to
fishthe
heart
is
to
a
human)
Big
:
gigantic,
massive,
colossal,
enormous,
immense,
gargantuan,
tremendous,
titani
c,
giant,
vast,
large,
huge,
monster,
bulky,
->many:
numerous,
myriad,
infinite,
->forever
(adv):
infinity,
eternal,
timeless,
everlasting
，
undying,
endless,
changeless,
perpetually…
Small
:
minimum,
diminutive,
minute,
petite,
wee,
undersized,
teeny,
tiny,
little,
pet
it
e
（女子身高娇小）
Good
:
marvelous,
fabulous,
gorgeous,
spectacular,
outstanding,
distinguished,
remar
kable,
superb,
incredible,
unbelievable,
out
of
this
world,
magnificent,
charming,
stu
nning,
fantastic,
terrific,
excellent,
great,
wonderful,
amazing,
awesome
Bad
:
awful,
terrible,
dreadful,
defective,
faulty,
imperfect,
inadequate,
poor,
substan
dard,
unsatisfactory,
harmful,
damaging,
deleterious,
detrimental,
hurtful,
ruinous,
un
healthy,
evil,
immoral…
Clever
:
brilliant,
knowledgeable,
intellectual,
intelligent,
excellent,
bright,
smart
Happy
:
delightful,
delectable,
elated,
glad,
overjoyed,
pleased,
jubilant,
merry,
joyfu
l,
Beautiful
:
charming,
charismatic,
attractive,
gorgeous,
pretty,
endearing,
sweet,
ado
rable,
eye-catching,
handsome,
hot,
cute,
good-
looking,
lovable,
engaging…
Fast
：
swift,
quick,
rapid,
speedy,
hasty,
nippy,
like
lightning,
+hurry
(v):
hustle,
rush,
make
haste,
tear,
step
on
it,
dash,
get
a
move
on,
step
o
n
it,
scoot.
Easy
:
simple,
effortless,
no
trouble,
painless,
plain
sailing,
uncomplicated,
undemand
ing,
unproblematic,
a
piece
of
cake
(informal),
child’s
play
(informal),…
Clear
:
obvious,
apparent,
blatant,
comprehensible,
conspicuous,
distinct,
evident,
ma
nifest,
palpable,
plain,
pronounced,
recognizable,
transparent,
intelligible,
lucid,
plain,
understandable,
uninvolved,
simple,
…
Direct
:
bald,
basic,
frank,
naked,
plain,
sincere,
stark,
straightforward,
candid,
forth
right,
outspoken….
Difficult
:
hard,
tricky,
complicated,
complex,
intricate,
involved,
knotty,
perplexing,
puzzling,
thorny…
Angry
:
annoyed,
cross,
displeased,
enraged,
exasperated,
incensed,
infuriated,
irate,
mad
(informal),
livid
(informal),
berserk,
outraged,
resentful...
Dangerous
:
perilous,
breakneck,
chancy
(informal),
hazardous,
insecure,
precarious,
risky,
unsafe,
vulnerable
动词
Think
(that):
hold
the
(opinion/
belief/
position/stand
point/idea)
that,
assume,
belie
ve,
deem,
reckon,
argue,
maintain,
suppose,
conceive,
insist,
be
convinced,
to
my
k
nowledge,
personally,
from
my
personal
perspective,
as
far
as
I
am
concerned,
from
my
point
of
view,
from
my
angle,
consider,
conceive,
perspective...
Show:
convey,
reveal,
express,
corroborate,
justify,
imply,
verify,
clarify,
signify,
exe
mplify,
illuminate,
substantiate,
demonstrate,
elucidate,
denote,
characterized
as,
inst
ruct,
display,
disclose,
indicate,
means,
explain,
give
an/a
example
(reason,
explanati
on)
of,
bear
out,
point
out,
point
toward…
Know:
realize,
comprehend,
identify,
distinguish,
discern,
notice,
perceive,
recognize,
see,
understand,
figure
out,
be
acquainted
with,
be
familiar
with,
Get:
acquire,
attain,
acquire,
achieve,
obtai
n,
gain
“
学习
”
不用
learn
Suggest
:
have
a
proposal
in,
Increase
:
magnify,
expand,
proliferate,
mushroom,
improve,
enhance,
advance…
Impress
:
affect,
inspire,
engrave
on,
imprint
of,
Influence
:
impact,
affect,
guide,
sway,
Stop
:
halt,
cease,
conclude,
desist,
end,
pause,
put
an
end
to,
quit,
refrain,
shut
d
own,
terminate…
Mak
e:
create,
assemble,
built,
construct,
form,
manufacture;
fore,
cause,
compel,
c
onstrain,
drive,
impel,
induce,
oblige,
prevail,
upon,
require…
Give
:
present,
award,
contribute,
deliver,
donate,
grant,
hand
over,
hand
out,
provi
de,
supply
Break
：
separate,
burst,
crack,
destroy,
disintegrate,
fracture,
fragment,
shatter,
sma
sh,
snap
Destroy
:
ruin,
raze,
annihilate,
crush,
demolish,
devastate,
eradicate,
shatter,
wipe
out,
wreck,
obliterate,
weaken,
undermine…
Happen
:
occur,
come
about,
come
to
pass,
develop,
result,
take
place,
transpire
名词
Problem:
issue
,
question,
case,
trouble,
difficulty,
dilemma.
Meeting:
conference,
discussion,
assembly,
conclave,
congress,
convention,
gatherin
g
session,
assignation,
encounter,
confrontation,
argument,
controversy…
Study:
learning,
application,
lessons,
reading,
research,
school
work,
examination,
a
nalysis,
consideration,
contemplation,
inspection,
investigation,
knowledge,sch
olarshi
p
…
Advantage
:
benefit,
dominance,
precedence,
profit,
superiority,
merit…
Disadvantage
:
shortcoming,
weakness,
inconvenience,
drawback,
deficiency,
flaw,
h
andicap
(also
v.
妨碍
),
downside,
limitation.
Life
:
existence,
conduct,
life
style,
way
of
life
常见同义词归纳
解决
: Solve, deal with, cope
with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
损害：
Damage, hurt, injure,
harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
给与：
Give, offer, render,
impart, provide,supply, afford
培养：：
Develop, cultivate,
foster
优势：
Advantage, merit,
virtue, benefit, upside, strength
缺陷：
Disadvantage, demerit,
drawback, downside, weakness
使迷惑：
Puzzle, bewilder,
perplex, baffle
重要的：
Key,
crucial, critical, important, significant, vital,
substantial,
indispensable, imperative
认为：
Think, believe, insist,
maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be
convinced, be firmly convinced, be
fully convinced
保护：
Protect,
conserve, preserve
确保：
Assure, ensure,
guarantee, pledge
有害的：
Bad,
baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
要求
：
Request, demand, needs,
requisition
消除
：
Eliminate, clear, remove,
clear up, take away, smooth away
导致：
Lead
to,
bring
about,
result
in,
cause,
spark
off,
conduce
to,
procure,
induce,
generate
因此：
So,
therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a
consequence, accordingly, as a
result,
because of this, as a result of this
增长至：
Grow
to
，
rise
to
，
increase
to
，
go
up
to
，
climb
to
，
ascend
to
，
jump
to
，
shoot
to
降低至：
Dip
to
，
fall
to
，
decline
to
，
decrease
to
，
drop
to
，
go down
to
，
reduce
to
，
slump
to
，
descend
to
，
sink
to
，
slide to
保持稳定：
Level
out
，
do not
change
，
remain
stable
，
remain
still
，
remain
steady
，
be
stable
，
maintain
the
same
level
，
remain
unchanged
，
be
still
，
remain
the
same
level
，
stay
constant
，
keep at the same
level
，
level off
，<
/p>
stabilize
，
keep its
stability
，
even out
急剧地：
Dramatically
，
drastically
，
sharply
，
hugely
，
enorm
ously
，
steeply
，
substantially
，
consid
erably
，
significantly
< br>，
markedly
，
surp
risingly
，
strikingly
，
radically
，
rema
rkably
，
vastly
，
noticeably
平稳地：
Stead
ily
，
smoothly
，
slightly
，
slowly
，
marginally
，
gradually
，
moderately
< br>，
mildly
宣称：
Alle
ge, assert, declare, claim
发生：
Happen, occur, take place
原因：
Reason, factor, cause
发展：
Development, advance,
progress
有益的：
Useful,
helpful, beneficial, profitable,
rewarding
，
advantageous
影响：
Influence, impact, effect
明显的：
Clear, obvious, evident,
self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
占：
Comprise, take up, account
for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy,
hold,
compose
与?相比：
Compared
with
，
compared
to
，
in
comparison
with
，
in
comparison
to
，
by
comparison
with
，
by
comparison to
对比而言：
By
contrast
，
in
contrast
，
on
the
other
hand
，
on
the
contrary=
，
conversely
展示：
Show,
reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present,
represent, describe
大约：
Appro
ximately
，
almost
，<
/p>
about
，
around
，
nearly
，
roug
hly
波动：
Fluctuate
，
go
ups
and
downs
，
display
a
fluctuation
，
demonstrate
a
fluctuation
事实上：
P
ractically
，
in practice
，
essentially
，
in essence
，
in
reality
，
in
effect
，
in
fact
，
as a matter of
fact
，
it is a fact that
换言之：
Namely
，
that
is
to
say
，
in
other
words
，
to
put
it
like
this
，
to
put
it
differently
，
to
put it from another way
，
to
put it from another angle
熟背谚语
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
e.g.
When the mother goes away, the child
will go to the computer to play. So we need to
educate the
children, not just stop
them. It is true that one swallow does not make a
summer, but if we bear a
heavy burden
every day, our health will deteriorate……..
2,social
?
Where there's a
will ,there's a way.
?
God helps those who help themselves.
?
It's never too
old to learn.
?
Two heads are better than one.
?
Seeing is
believing.
?
Once
bitten, twice shy.
?
Like father, like son.
?
Out of sight,
out of mind.
?
Where there is a will, there is a way.
?
Many hands make
light work.
1,animal
Birds
of a feather flock together.
A bird in
the hand is better two in the bush.
One
stone kills two birds.
Early bird
catches the worm.
Don't put the cart
before the horse.
Don't teach a fish
how to swim.
Every dog has its day.
Don't count the chickens before they
are hatched.
A camel is a horse
designed by a group of people.
Sometimes we pay more for the things we
got for nothing.
When the cat's away, the mice will
play.
One swallow does not make a
summer.
?
All
work and no play make Jack a dull boy.
?
A friend in
need is a friend indeed.
?
Don't throw out the baby with the bath
water.
?
Failure
is the mother of success.
?
He laughs best who laughs last.
?
Time and tide
wait for no man.
?
Look before you leap.
?
An apple a day
keeps the doctor away.
?
It's never too late to mend.
?
Never put off
till tomorrow what you can do today.
e.g.
God
helps
those
who
help
themselves,
so
the
poor
countries
should
mainly
rely
on
themselves
before they can
get appropriate help.
It's never too
late to give up smoking.
Two
heads
are
better
than
one,
maybe
we
can
make use
of
everything,
for
example,
TV
,
radio,
newspaper, then we will get more
information more easily than we do through one
single medium.
?
All roads lead to Rome.
?
Rome was not
built in a day.
?
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
e.g.
All
roads
lead
to
Rome,
so
we
can
find
many
ways
to
stop
children
from
playing
too
many
computer games.
All roads lead to Rome, so we can find
many ways to prohibit smoking in the public
places.
All roads lead to Rome, so we
can find many ways to protect our wild animals.
?
Better late
than never.
Better late than never,
give it up now. If you have had a long history of
smoking cigarettes, it is
still never
too late to stop.
?
East or west, home is best.
East or west, old people always regard
their homes the best.
To smoke in the
public places, or not to smoke in the public
places, that is a question concerning
the health of many people.
To protect the wild animals, or to kill
them for whatever reasons, this is a question
concerning the
survival of human
beings, especially in the future.
?
After all,
tomorrow is another day.
After all, smokers should take care of
other people's health if they don't worry about
their own
lungs.
After
all,
the
government
should
balance
their
budgets
and
make
the
long
term
goal
suit
the
present situation.
Whether you are a smoker or a non-
smoker, you must breathe fresh air to survive.
Whether you
smoke
in
the
room,
or
outside
the
room,
you
must
produce
harmful
smoke
before
the
cigarette
satisfies your
selfish need.
Whether you
are a lion or a goat, you must sprint to survive.
Whether you are poor or wealthy, you
must strive for success.
That government of the people, by the
people, for the people shall not perish from the
earth.
If winter comes, can spring be
far behind?
?
Might is right.
Might
is
not
always
right,
especially
in
the
modern
international
community.
Let’s
have
a
construction competition, not a
military one. We are convinced that the power of
civilization and
democracy will be
stronger than military force.
引语集锦
在作文中引用合适的名言警句，
会给
你的文章增色许多。
这里收集了我本人喜爱的一些
名言，可能会
对你有用。我们使用引用的位置可以在开头结尾或正文段落中，
常见的使用形式如下：
Just as an old saying
goes
，
One of the
greatest early writers said ...
城市国家问题
6
垃圾问题
Many peo
ple say that we have
developed into a “throw
-
away
society”, because we are filling up our
environment with so many plastic bags
and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To
want degree
do you agree with this
opinion and what measures can you recommend
reducing this problem?
There is growing tendency nowadays for
people to produce much more garbage than before.
Some people hold
an opinion that this
leads to a throw-away society, for too many
plastic bags and rubbish that can not fully
dispose of threaten to overwhelm us.
Personally, I agree with this opinion for the
following reasons.
When we come to
think about it, there are only three ways we can
deal with rubbish. Dump it, burn it and change
for something useful. However, no
matter which way we choose, one thing is certain
that garbage is everywhere.
In the
first instance, we throw useless things to garbage
bins and sometimes we leave a trail of rubbish.
When
lorries carry waste to bury them,
problems seemingly are solved. However, a lot of
harmful things in these
garbage dumps
pollute our land. For instance, a set batter could
turn fertile lands within 50 square meters into
a barren desert. The second method is
to burn it. As we fire rubbish, harmful gas is
released to air. These
poisonous
substances pollute not only our health but also
our atmosphere. Additionally, the last way we can
choose is to turn garbage into
something we can use again, which sounds a good
idea. In fact, advanced recycle
technology will cost a huge sum of
money. We sometimes get low quality.
In
view of the above reasons, I would recommend that
some measures should be taken to end this serious
problem. On the one hand, government
should make some laws to protect the environment.
Environment
authorities can fine people
who bury harmful garbage under land or fire it. On
the other hand, government can
establish a fund helping environment
organization to do recycle research. Last but not
least, the public should be
further
educated to recognize the seriousness of the
problem. Once people know protection environment
is their
responsibility, they would not
ask shop assistants to pack goods in plastic bags
or they prefer to use low quality
recycled commodities.
All in
all, there are so many problems existing for
environment pollution. If we can do this, we can
be assured that
we will have a better
and cleaner would in future.
11
城市扩大化
Since cities have changed a lot, the
size of the cities has grown enormously. Discuss
the causes and
consequence of the
enormous size of cities.
Nowadays, the maps of cities are
updated frequently. With the development of city,
more and more suburbs
become parts of
the city. When the cities in the world are
amplifying constantly, people discuss the topic
hotly,
the causes and consequence of
the enormous of cities. Different people have
different answers by their
respective
views.
In my opinion, the
evolution of society and the development of
economy result in the growth of the vast size of
cities. Since the number of population
in every city is increasing continually, people
need a large amount of space
to live
in. With the progress of the technology, the
output of crops rises sharply. Fewer and fewer
farmers are
required, as a result, more
and more villages urbanize. The growth of the
cities brings us many huge changes.
There are more job opportunities in the
cities. For instance, China will hold the Olympic
Games in Beijing in 2008.
The
government is amplifying the size of Beijing to
build new gyms in order to hold it excellently.
Obviously,
people in the cities could
gain a lot of new jobs.
Of
course, the enormous size of cities also has bad
effects. Pollution is becoming more and more
serious all over
the world with the
amplification of the cities. For example, the
poisonous gas sent off by factories and
automobiles has made the air unhealthy
for people to breathe. Water waste keeps pouring
into rivers and lakes;
as a result,
many water species are dying out. Furthermore,
more people the city have, more rubbish we can
find.
In a word, since each coin has
two sides, we should be acquainted clearly with
the reasons why the size of the
cities
has grown enormously and what it will bring us.
Thus, we could make full use of the positive
effects and
overcome the negative
effects.
17
环保
Some people think that environmental
problems are too big for individuals to deal with.
Others,
however, think that each
individual should take some actions. Discuss both
views and give your own
opinion.
It is true that
our tiny individual actions often seem
insignificant compared to the scale and complexity
of global environmental problems such
as pollution, deforestation and depletion of
natural resources. But that
does not
relieve our duty as individuals to do as much as
we can to deal with these problems.
Individual actions, small as they may
be, can prove more effective than we realize. We
can avoid driving
the car, and take
public transit, walk, or bicycle instead. This
will reduce the use of fossil fuels and cut
pollution.
Saving energy at home, like
turning on the air conditioner only when we have
to, or turning water heater down
a few
degrees, is also ultimately good for the
environment. Individual actions can also turn into
united powers
when, for example, the
whole neighborhood is mobilized to participate in
a local campaign to oppose
environmentally damaging policies.
There are, however, obstacles that
stand in the way of individual action towards
environmental
conservation. The first
obstacle is the lack of professional knowledge
needed to cope with serious environmental
issues like soil erosion and salinity,
which require a significant amount of
investigation and research. Another
obstacle which makes individual action
almost impossible is when an environmental
emergency or accident
happens, e.g. an
oil spill near the bord der line, which would
necessitate government intervention or even
international coordination.
So, in conclusion, when it comes to
environmental problems, individual actions are
indispensable in the
problem solving
process. But the most pressing and
complicate
d problems go far beyond an
individual?s
capability and so require
the concerted effort of the government as well as
the global community.
22
富国对穷国的帮助
Many people think that countries have a
moral obligation to help each other, while other
argue that
the aid money is misspent by
the governments that receive it, so the
international aid should not be
given
to the poor countries in the world. Discuss the
two views of international aid and give your
opinion.
With
the process of economic globalization, many
countries and regions have strengthened
cooperation and
liaison in the fields
of industry, agriculture, trade and finance. In
order to dedicate to the mutual development,
many developed countries spare no
effort to help the poor countries by means of
technological, medical and
financial
aid, which, to my mind, is quite essential to the
development of the world.
Firstly, aids from developed countries
optimize people's living standard and eradicate
poverty in the poor
countries. Due to
the backwardness of science and technology, people
in some undeveloped countries and
regions such as Africa, Latin America
and Asia suffer a great deal from poverty, hunger
and the scarce of water.
International
aids from developed countries have improved their
living environment and helped them with the
development of agriculture, industry
and economy.
Secondly, international
aids give good medical care and help promote
hygienic condition in the poor countries.
Malaria, cholera and smallpox were once
severe threats to people's health. With the help
of the World Health
Organization and
some developed countries, these diseases have been
eliminated soon and the residents in the
infected areas survived these deadly
diseases, which would have devoured millions of
lives without international
aid.
Finally, aids to the undeveloped
countries in turn benefit the donators. Due to the
limitation of natural and human
resources, the production cost rises
sharply in the developed countries. With a view to
reducing cost, many
countries
transferred their assembly lines and production
bases to the developing countries, which not only
solves the problem of low rate of
employment in the developing countries but also
make full use of the local
resources.
Nevertheless, some
countries are showing great concern about the mal-
expense of their aid aroused by
bureaucracy and corruption of some
governments. Therefore, the governments should
take effective measures
to utilize
international aids reasonably and prevent abuse.
Only with the help of international aids, can our
world
develop more quickly and
prosperously.
32
城乡差异
The gap of living in cities and the
countryside is larger and larger. What are the
reasons in your country and how
to
reduce the differences?
As the step of
economic development accelerates, the gap between
the city and the countryside becomes more
and more overt, which arouses colossal
concerns. Take a further look at the phenomenon,
there are three major
causes.
Firstly, the insufficiency of
investment in the rural areas accounts mainly for
the issue. China, for example, covers
a
very large area. Due to the emphasis on the
development in the coastal areas, the government
devotes more
investment in the large
cities, such as Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou.
The investment, undoubtedly, is repaid
by the threefold increase of economy
and commerce in these cities. However, this is not
the case in the rural
areas and the
western regions. The lack of investment barriers
the productivity and economic development and
sharpens the gap between the city and
the countryside.
Secondly, the low
education level in the rural areas contributes
partly to the gap of living. Education is the
prime
force of productivity. Keeping
this in mind, many countries and governments give
priority to the development of
educat
ion. China?s education
witnessed a rapid growth in the past decade.
However, the education level in the
countryside still keeps very low. The
enrollment of primary schools and secondary
schools is much lower
compared with the
advanced regions, not to mention the developed
countries in the world. Without good
education, the development of economy
and technology would be a dream difficult to be
realized.
Finally, the influx of
migrant workers to the cities from the countryside
deteriorates the undeveloped condition in
the rural areas. The life style in the
urban areas is very attractive to the people in
the countryside. To seek more
working
opportunities, many people abandon the fertile
lands and leave them uncultivated. If the
situation
continues, it will lead to
serious unbalance of economic and regional
development.
To sum up,
only when the government renders more concerns
over the issue can the gap between the cities and
the countryside be bridged.
34
全球化的问题
With the fast pace of globalization,
the whole world has become a global village with
combination of different
cultures. What
are the reasons for losing a variety of languages
and cultures? Think of some solution to alleviate
the problem
(Sample 1)
The progression of globalization is
inevitable and und
eniable. It has been
widely noted that many of the world?s
languages and cultures are dying out.
To seek the solution, we should take a closer look
at the causes first.
Most important of
all is the objective reason. The essence of
globalization is commercialization and
centralization.
It is convenient in
communication that some prevalent languages and
cultures have its predominance, which
makes superior of the senior and
inferiority of the junior. That leads to
deterioration of some minors. These
languages and cultures will be
overlooked and devalued until they completely die
out.
As concave and convex sides of a
nutshell, it has subjective reason. With the
burgeoning of some VIPs, many
migrants
have swarmed into the dreamlands due to economic
drive and stimulation, meanwhile engaged in local
culture perspective and discarding
their native languages and cultures as a
?betrayal?.
Hence this is a
problem which must be solved as soon as possible.
We should remind the world of versatility of the
minor cultures through popular media
such as music, artifacts or historical heritage,
thus renovating the music
festivals
artistic activities and museums. In addition, let
more people, especially the young men, use their
own
language.
Never tiring, never yielding, never
f
inishing. We make the purpose, to
prevent losing world?s cultural and
linguistic diversity. “This way a long,
tapering, strip of bark can be peeled up to the
length of the tree, leaving the
tree to
heal and continue to grow,” says the United
Nations Enviro
nment Programme Report.
(Sample 2)
With the pacing
the world, globalization is no longer a myth.
Nowadays, it is growing at a terrific speed. Each
country has combined to be a global
village. Languages and cultures are penetrating
each other and we are losing
a variety
of them. There are several reasons for this
phenomenon.
The first reason can be
seen is that the great flow of migration.
Globalization has helped open the world?s borders,
permitting more and more people in
small countries to immigrate to other big
countries. As the need of working
and
living, they have to mix new culture with their
own culture and use the new language more often.
Gradually,
they lose their own custom.
The development of technology and
economy, however, is the most important factor.
The high-tech products in
developed
countries possess a leading position in the
international market due to the globalization.
Almost all the
people in the world are
enjoying the benefits of these products are more
multinational corporations are emerging.
This is not only a high-tech
penetration but also a cultural invasion. People
begin to be interested in these
developed countries in an earlier age.
They learn the language and culture of these
countries, which will aid them
to find
a good job in the multinational corporations.
To alleviate the dilemma, the following
suggestions should be taken into consideration. In
each country, a variety
of cultural
festivals should be held at a regular time such as
poem or music festivals. Through this way, the
traditional culture will be kept from
generation to generation. Government should pose
the consciousness of
preserving
traditional culture for inhabitants.
In
the final analysis, we should keep our own
language and culture with the fast pace of
globalization.
49
税收
Everyone
complains about taxes, yet think about what would
happen if there were no longer
an
income tax. In a 250-word essay, discuss the
positive effects of an income tax, the negative
effects, or both.
It hurts to look at a paycheck and see
how much of it was taken out for income tax. That
money could have paid
some important
bills. It is easy to dream of doing away with the
income tax and keeping all that money for
ourselves.
If there were no
income tax, however, the government would have a
lot less to spend. The money we send to
Washington seems to fall into a black
hole and disappear. Actually, though, many people
depend on it. The
money pays the
salaries of government employees, who provide
services from drug control to highway building.
It supports our military defense. Also,
much of the money is returned to people in the
form of student loans,
veterans'
benefits, and payments to farmers, for example.
The government has been working to cut its budget
lately. With every cut, someone
complains loudly.
So if the income tax
were eliminated, other taxes would have to make up
for it. Paying those other taxes would
also hurt. Sales taxes fall most
heavily on poor people. Taxes on manufacturers
only result in higher prices to
consumers.
Income taxes are
not fun to pay. But doing without them would be
worse. In my opinion, income taxes should be
made as fair as possible. Then we each
must
电脑
People can go
to shop, bank and work with computer. But the
danger of the computer is
people are
getting isolated and losing some social skills. To
what extent do you agree with
this
opinion?
The progression of
computer is inevitable and undeniable. Nowadays
computers also have become a
part of
our daily life. Instead of leaving home to go to
shop bank and work people can do these at home
by clicking the buttons. However, some
people hold the opinion that it will cause people
isolated from
each other and lose
social skills. Personally I find it hard for me to
agree with this opinion by following
reasons
In the first
instance, computers are tool to communication with
people instead of isolation from the
world. When we say a person is isolated
it means that he is lonely and cut off the world.
However,
people seldom have this
feeling while they are surfing the Internet. On
the contrary, people tend to
make more
friends through the net.
Secondly,
people also can acquire social skills on Internet.
Communication on Internet has the same
purpose as face-to-face communication
has. For example, through Internet we can send
greeting
cards to our friends.
Furthermore, sometimes it might be a better way of
communication on some
occasions such as
when you find it embarrassing to say sorry face-
to-face we can send a message of
apology to your friend.
Last
but not least, doing something through Internet
actually spares more time for our social life.
Sometime we need to spend a lot of time
shopping in department stores. Now we can save the
time
and may visit our friends.
In general, computer just
make our life more colorful so we don?t
need to worry about the changes its
may
bring to us. Especially most of these changes are
positive.
14
学习电脑
The one who do not know how to use
computer become more and more disadvantageous.
Show the disadvantages and what action
should government take?
Computer plays such an important role
nowadays that it undeniably becomes the biggest
concern of
the present-day world as a
whole. With the steady growth in the hi-tech, as
well as computer, there is
a growing
tendency that man who does not know how to use the
computer will become an illiterate. As
far as I am concerned, there are
several major disadvantages for these people.
In the first place, without computer's
help, someone may waste a large amount of precious
time to pay
attention to complex
calculation. It is believed that computer can do
almost everything. It was
gradually
used not only in mathematics, physics, chemistry
and astronomy, but in places like library
hospital and military army to replace
the works of man. Besides, a computer works much
faster and
more accurately than man.
Therefore, one who cannot use the computer always
fails to keep up with
the development
of modern society.
In addition, these
kinds of people may lose opportunities that make
new friends or contact with outside
world and new technology. It is very
clear that lots of changes have taken place in
many aspects of
people's lives because
of the coming of the computer era. Multi-media and
surfing on-line provide
people with
chances to learn more about the world and up-dated
information. Moreover, sending
E-mail
seems to be the most convenient and efficient way
to communicate with families, relatives and
best friends. Unfortunately all above
will never happen in the life of the layman.
In order to let everyone know about the
computer skills, government should set forth
solutions to
eliminate the number of
these kinds of illiterates. First and foremost, it
is suggested to open more free
related
training classes, which can encourage people to
cultivate the interesting of using computers.
What's more, it is stylish to advertise
the benefits to learn the computer.
All
in all, the future for the computer is very
promising. We hardly imagine what our world would
be like
without the computers.
3
动物实验
Scientists are doing experiments on
live animals for the purpose of research nowadays.
Some people
believe that this is not
only cruel but also unnecessary; others think it
is in the interest of mankind as
a
whole. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
A
chimpanzee is perhaps the animal most closely
related to humans; but instead of treating the
animal with love
and respect, we
subject it to cruel and inhumane scientific and
medical experiments to further human
development. What a cruel fate for the
unfortunate chimpanzee. Or perhaps, in life as in
the jungle it is survival
of the
fittest, and so, as the most intelligent animal we
are just exercising our right to dominate and use
other
animals as we wish.
For many people the issue of using
animals for science is black and white; either
very pro-animal rights,
or very much in
favour of using animals since we are the highest
level creature. On the one hand, some people
say that subjecting animals to pain and
torture is truly barbaric; higher-level animals
share with us feelings,
thoughts and
behaviors and so we should look after them and
respect them. They may also feel that if we are so
unsure about the effects of a drug for
example then we should do further chemical testing
before doing live and
sometimes cruel
animal testing.
Others,
however, believe that we must use animals for the
benefit of our own species (humans); to test
drugs, cosmetics and new developments
in science which will provide a safer and better
lifestyle for us. Very few
people are
inherently cruel, but they still believe it is
either them or us; it is better to test the drugs
on a monkey
rather than on a person.
Being cruel for the sake of
being cruel and with no tangible results to show
for it is definitely stepping
over a
boundary of acceptable behavior, but at other
times if the benefits of the research are
explicit, tangible and
valuable then I
feel that the research is justified.
20
宠物和食物
Some people regard animals as pets
while others take them as the source of food and
clothes. How do you think
of the
situation
If you are not a vegetarian
and claim that you are an animal lover, no one
will accuse you of hypocrisy because
it
is easy to forget that a steak at the supermarket
once formed part of a livestock. This needn't make
you too
uncomfortable because you are
in good company. You feel even innocent enough to
despise those who wear
leather clothing
or are enthusiasts for the hunt. The conscience of
us is appeased while we contribute a litter bit
of food to animals in zoo or donate one
back to the Animals Conservation Association.
But what do you think of animals
indeed? Some people only regard animals as the
source of food or clothes. Some
people
who cling to human's supremacy regard animals as
low-grade creatures in the earth. From my point of
view, it is normal and inevitable that
we human beings with greater abilities kill some
animals and eat them as
wild animals do
everywhere in the nature. The key point is that we
should do it in a more moderate way, on a
scale that we show our respect to them.
Could you consider an animal as another God-given
creature as yourself?
Could you treat
them as a lion does to a deer, as a bird does to a
beetle? Nature goes harmoniously except the
presence of humans. Only humans
slaughtered other creatures as well as fellow
creature in their millions. We
could
have behaved better if there is a word 'respect'
in our dictionary.
Those who have pets
argue that they treat their pets as their family
members. However, do you like to be a pet
of another creature? Do you like to
walk with a leash around you neck in a street? If
you love animals in your heart,
just
give their liberties! Let them go where they used
to live instead of your magnificent house!
After all, every creature has equally
only one chance to live in the world
26
野生动物的价值
Wild animals are of no importance in
the twenty-first century. Some people think that
preventing
these wild animals from
dying out is a waste of resource. To what extent
do you agree or disagree
with this?
Biological diversity has
never been so threatened as it is today as a
result of the process of human civilization. The
various forms of pressure created by
human activity have destroyed natural balance, led
to the deterioration of
natural
habitats, genetic erosion and the rarity, even
disappearance, of a number of plant and animal
species.
As the pace of
civilization accelerates, more people, taking more
space, needing to use more natural resources,
engaging in ever-growing consumption,
impose severe deterioration on the habitat of
animals. An increasing
number of people
come to realize that the disappearance of animals
will result in serious threat to the equilibrium
of ecosystem. Simply put, the
extinction of hawks, a rat-eating bird seen in
many regions, will result in the rapid
propagation of rats. And rats, further,
will destroy the prairies and threaten the other
animals like gazelles,
zebras and
others, who live on grass and green lands. The
coexistence of animals and human beings creates
perfect harmony and brings about the
vividness to our planet.
It
is hard to imagine what our world would be like
without animals. Sociologists also point out that
the
disappearance of animals can cause
social and economic problems. Animal trade, as a
supporting sector to the
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