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新版人教版八年级上英语3-4单元的知识点

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2021-02-08 19:48
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2021年2月8日发(作者:gift怎么读)



Unit 3 I



m more outgoing than my sister.


1


,比较级,最高级变化规则






一般在词尾


+ er



est


;以


e


结尾的加


r



st


;重读闭 音节双写辅音字母


+ er



est< /p>


;辅音


字母


+y


结尾的,改


y



i+ er

< p>


est


;多音节词和部分双音节词,加


more



most







不规则变化见书本


P114


2


,比较级用法



?



基本句型:主语

< br>+


be


+


比较级


+


than


+


比较对象



?



两者相比较用比较级




eg



Who do you think is more outgoing



Lily or Lucy




?



Very



more



quite



so



too

< p>
等修饰原级;


much



a little



a lot



a bit



far


< br>even


等修


饰比较级




eg



I’m much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far


more outgoing


than my sister.






I’m even worse now.



?



不能与人或事物自身相比较



eg



He is taller than


any other


student in his class.






China is larger than


any


country in Africa.


?



比较对象要一致(


that


代替不可数名词,


those


代替可数名词复数,所有格,


ones




eg



The


weather


in Harbin is much colder than


that


in Wuhan.






The


students


of Class One study harder than


those


of Class Two.






My bike


is newer than


Tom



s


.


?



比较级中出现


of the two/ twins

< p>
结构时,


adj


比较级前要


+the


,不可用


than


Eg



Tom is the taller of the two brothers.


?




get/


become+


比较级


+and


+

< br>比较级”表示“变得越来越……”


(多音节或部分双音节


用“


more and more+


原级)



Eg: It


gets warmer and warmer


when spring comes.





You



re getting


more and more beautiful.



?




the +


比较级……,


the+


比较级……” 表示“越……,就越……”



Eg:


The more


you exercise,


the stronger


you will be.


?



< p>
As



as


< p>
中间接原级


,表示“与…一样”


,否定为“


not as/ so



as


”表示“不如”



Eg: He is as tall as his father.





He is not as/ so tall as his father.


?



“比较 级


+than



(more/ less +


原级


+than)


与“< /p>


not as/ so



as

< p>
”可以互换



Eg:


I’


m taller than you.














Chinese is more important than Biology.





You


’re shorter than me.












Biology is less important than Chinese





You



re not as/ so tall as me.








Biology is not as/ so important as Chinese


?



比……大


/



/


< p>
/


宽几倍,用“主语


+be+

……


times+


比较级


+tha n+


比较对象”



Eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours.


?



重几斤,高几公分,大几岁……, 用“主语


+be+


数量词


+

< p>
比较级


+than+


比较对象”

< br>


Eg:


I’


m six years older than you.


3



loudly


大声地,响亮地(多含噪音之意)






alo ud


大声地,出声地(强调出声)


read aloud





call aloud for help





loud


大声地,高声地,常与


speak



s hout



laugh



talk


连用










响亮的,大声的





loud voice


4



fast


强调速度快





run/ drive fast






quickly


强调动作、行动快






soon


强调时间间隔短



5



competition

< br>体育,书法,朗读,音乐等比赛






match


体育竞技比赛,球类比赛






race


速度方面的竞赛,赛跑,赛龙舟等



6



win+


比赛,奖项






beat+


人,团队



7



ago


以前,用于一般过去时,放在一段时间后






before


在……以前,通常用于完成时,放在时间点或事件之前



8



the same as



be different from






be similar to =be like


9



be good at+ V-ing=do well in


擅长于






be good for


对…有益





be bad for


对…有害)






be good to


对…友好





good


可用

friendly



nice


,< /p>


kind


替换)






be good with


和…相处好


=get on/ along well with


10



true/ truly


指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符



real/ really


指人或事客观存在,不是想象的



11



take care of=look after


照顾



care for


照料、关心某人,喜欢某人、某物



care about


关心,计较,在乎



12



make sb do sth


make sb/ sth +adj





make me happy


make sb +n.









We made him monitor.


make sb +


过去分词





She spoke aloud to make herself heard.


make it


约定时间,做成某事,及时抵达





Let’


s make it at 10:00.




Don



t worry. He



ll make it.


13



both


位置:行前


be




both of them/ us=they/ we both


both


作主语,谓语动词用复数



not b oth


为部分否定,全部否定要用


either



not


或者


neither


both



and


=not only



but< /p>



also


)…





否定为:


neither



nor


14



be popular with sb


受某人欢迎







be popular in/ at


在某地受欢迎



15



it is +adj+for sb +to do sth



adj


修饰


to do sth



It is important for me to learn English.


it is +adj+of sb +to do sth



adj


修饰


sb



It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.


16



bring out


使显现出



17



share sth with sb


和某人分享



18



other

< br>“其他的,另外的”



后接名词复数,

< br>有时


other+n


复数


=ot hers


another


“又一(个)

,另一(个)



,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个 ,


后接名


词单数



the other



(两者中 的)另一个”


,常与


one


连用,



one



the other


…”表示“一个…,另


一个…”


19



heart




learn sth by heart


用心记







lose heart


灰心



20



break the law/ rules/ world record


违法


/


违规


/


打破世界纪录



Break off


打断






break aw


a


y from


摆脱,脱离





break into


破门而入





break in


插嘴



Break down


出故障





break out


爆发





break up


散火






break one



s words


食言




Have a break/ rest


休息会儿



21



laugh


发笑





laugh at


嘲笑







Smile


微笑





smile at


对…微笑



22

< br>,


定语从句



在复合句中修饰名 词或代词的从句叫定语从句。


被定语从句修饰的名词或代


词叫做 先行词。


引导定语从句的词称为关系词。


关系词位于先行词和定 语从句之间,


起联系


作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。



定语从句的关系词引导定语的


关系代词< /p>


有:


that,


who


(whom,


whose),


which;


关系副词


< p>
在定语从句中只能作状语,且不能省略



有:


when, where, why


等。关系词的选择主要取


决于两个因素:


(1)


先行词是什么


(2)


先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。



●关系代词(


that


< br>who



which



whose



whom


)引导的定语从句。




that/ who


在从句中作主语,先行词为人。



Eg



The girl that/ who is reading is my sister.



that/ which


在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为物。





Eg



The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.(



)









He came back for the book that/ which he had forgotten.


(宾)




whose


在从句中作定语,先行词为人或物。




Eg



This is the pencil whose point is broken.







That is the girl whose mother died two years ago.



whom/ that


在从句中作宾语,先行词为人。





Eg



The girl whom/ that I spoke to is my cousin.


●关系副词(


when/ where/ why


)引导的定语从句。




When


在从句中作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的词(

< p>
day/ year/ season


等)




例如:我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。


I shall never forget the day______I joined the League.


解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。



The PLA men come at the time ________ the people need them most.



Where


在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词是表示地点的词(


place/ town/ home/ house




例如:你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗?


Do you still remember the place ____we first met?


近来你去过你成长的小城吗?



Have you been to the town _________ you grew up recently?



Why


在从句中作原因状语,其先行词是


reason




例如:没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。



Nobody knows the reason ____________ he is often late for school


23



call sb at +


电话号码



24


information



UC


】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料(侧重内容)



news



UC

< br>】



广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息(强调新鲜、及时)


a piece of news


message



C




口信、短信、信息(强调传递)


take a message for sb











































leave a message to sb


25



who do you think should get the job



=in your opinion



who should get the job






Unit 4 What



s the best movie theater




1




最高级的用法





用于三者或三者以上的比较




eg



Which do you like best



Chinese



Math or English







one of+


最高级


+n.


复数”表示“最… 之一”



Eg



Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.






the +


序数词


+


最高级

+n.


单数


+


范围”表示“在…范 围内…是第几…”



Eg



Hainan is the second largest island in China.




先行词被最高级或序数词修饰,只 能用


that


引导定语从句



Eg



My cousin is the funniest person



that




I know.






This is the first letter



that



I received from my sister.




Of all +n.


复数;


of the +


数(≥


3



+ n.


复数;


in/ at+


地点



2




Comfort v.


使舒适,安慰










comfortable adj.


舒适的

< br>(



uncomfortable)





comfortably adv.


舒适地



3




Voi ce


嗓音(说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声)




in a low voice


小声地



Noise


杂音



Sound


任何可以听到的声音



4




be close to


靠近



5




choose-chose





choose from


从…中选择






choose to do sth


选择做某事



6




Can I ask you


some


/ a few questions?


7




Welcome to+


地点



8




So far= until now= up to now


至今为止



9




Around/ near here= in the neighborhood


10



thanks for +n/ V-ing


Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.


Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.



Thank you/ Thanks








No


problem/


You



re


welcome/


That



s


all


right/


Not


at


all/


It



s


a


pleasure/


My


pleasure/


That



s OK.


11



talent n.


天资,才能






talented adj.


有天赋的



(



untalented)


Have a talent for (doing) sth.


对(做)某事有天赋



12



around the world= all over the world


13



have



in common


有相同特征





in common with


同…一样



14



Kind of


相当于副词,修饰形容词或副词,意为“稍微,有点”


,与

< br>a little/ bit


相近



A kind of


意为“一种”



some kinds of


意为“几种”



different kinds of


意为“不同种类


的”



all kinds of


意为“各种各样的”


。这里的


kind


是“种,类,属”的意思。



15



and so on


等等



16



be up to


是…的职责,由…决定





be up to sb to do sth


应由某人做某事



17



play a role/ part in doing sth


在…中扮演角色,在…中发挥作用,有影响


< p>
18



部分否定:


all



both



everyone



everybody



everything



ever ywhere



every



each



always


等与


not


连用表示部分否定。











all



none


,< /p>


both



neither



everyone



no


one/


nobody/


not


anyone



everything



nothing/ not anything



every



no



always



n ever


19



make up


编造(故事、谎言)




20



take…seriously


认真对待



21



for example


例如




follow the example of


…以…为榜样




give an example


举例



set an


example to


给…树立榜样



such as


例如



22



come true


23



finish+ n/ v-ing


24



crowd v.


拥挤





eg



They crowd into the room.











n.


人群





eg



There was a big crowd at the football match.
























A crowd of


students


are


waiting for the bus


Crowded



adj.


拥挤的

















赠送以下资料












英语万能作文


(


模板型)

< br>



Along


with


the


advance


of


the


society


more


and


more


problems


are


brought to our attention, one of which is that....




随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是


____________






As


to


whether


it


is


a


blessing


or


a


curse,


however,


people


take


different attitudes.




然而,


对 于此类问题,


人们持不同的看法。


(Hold different attitudes


持不同的看


;Come up with different attitudes


有不同的看法


)




As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....




随着社会的发展, 人们开始关注


............





People


are


attaching


more


and


more


importance


to


the


interview


during job hunting




求职的过程中,人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。





As


to


whether


it


is


worthwhile


.....,


there


is


a


long-running


controversial


debate.


It


is


quite


natural


that


people


from


different


backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.





关于是否值得

___________


的问题,一直以来争论不休。当然,


不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。





In


the


process


of


modern


urban


development,


we


often


find


ourselves in a dilemma.




在都市的发展中,我们往往会陷入困境。





Recently


the


phenomenon


has


aroused


wide


concern,


some


people


are in alarm that....

















广

< br>泛











______________


。< /p>





The human


race


has entered


a


completely


new


stage in its


history,


with


the


increasingly


rapid


economic


globalization


and


urbanization,


more problems are brought to our attention.




人类进入 了一个历史的崭新的阶段,


经济全球化、


都市化的速度


不断加快,随之给我们带来了很多问题。





......


plays


such


an


important


role


that


it


undeniably


becomes


the


biggest


concern


of


the


present


world,


there


comes


a


question,


is


it


a


blessing or a curse?




_______


显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题,这


是无可厚非的 。不过,问题是:



我们该如何抉择


?< /p>





Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,




现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。




People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations

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