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新目标八年级英语上册语法复习
1) leave
的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:
When did you
leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave
for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is
leaving for London.
下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“
leave+地点
+for+
地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。
例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for
Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2)
情态动词
should“
应该
”
学会使用
should
作为情态动词用,常常
表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的
意思,例如:
How should I
know?
我怎么知道?
Why
should you be so late today?
你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should
有时表示应当做或发生
的事,例如:
We should help each
other.
我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1.
用于表示“应该”或“不应该”
的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如:
You should be here with
clean hands.
你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2.
用于提出意见劝导别人。
例如:
You
should go to the doctor if you feel ill.
如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3.
用
于表示可能性。
should
的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考
点之一。
例如:
We should arrive by supper
time.
我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment.
她随时都可能来。
3) What...?
与
Which...?
1. what
与
which <
/p>
都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是
what
仅用来询问
职业。如:
What is your father?
你父亲是干什么的?
该句相当于:
What does your
father do?
What is your father's job?
Which
指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter?
哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary.
玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2.
What...?
是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而
Which...?
是特指,
所指的事物有范围的限制。如:
What color do
you like
best?
(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or
yellow?
你最喜爱哪一种颜色?
(有特定的范围)
3. what
与
which
后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:
Which pictures are from China?
哪些图片来自中国?
4)
频度副词的位置
1.
常见的频度副词有以下这些:
always
(总是,一直)
usually
(通常)
2.
频度副词的位置:
often
(常常,经常)
sometimes
(有时候)
never
(从不)
a.<
/p>
放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:
David is often arrives late for
school.
大卫上学经常迟到。
b.
放在行为动词前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every
day.
我们每天经常在
7
:
10
去上学。
c.
有些
频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride
a bike.
有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。
放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装
。如:
Never have I been
there.
我从没到过那儿。
5)
every day
与
everyday
1. every day
作状语,译为“每一天”。如:
We
go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每
天
7
:
10
去
上学。
I decide to read English
every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday
作定语,译为“日常的”。
She
watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活动是什么?
6)
什么是助动词
1.
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(
A
uxiliary Verb
)。被协助的
动词称作主要动词(
Main
Verb
)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,
例如:
He doesn't like English.
他不喜欢英语。
(
doe
sn't
是助动词,无词义;
like
是主要动词,有词义)
2.
助动词协
助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a.
表示时态,例如:
He
is singing.
他在唱歌。
He has got married.
他已结婚。
b.
表示语态,例如:
He
was sent to England.
他被派往英国。
c.
构成疑问句,例如:
Do
you like college life?
你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did
you study English before you came here?
你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. <
/p>
与否定副词
not
合用,构成否定句,例
如:
I
don't like him.
我不喜欢他。
e.
加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party
tomorrow evening.
明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that.
他的确知道那件事。
3.
最常用的助动词有:
be,
have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to
do
与
remember doing/to do
to do
忘记要去做某事
(
未做
)
;
forget doing
忘记做过某事
p>
(
已做
)
The light in the office is
still on. He forgot to turn it off.
p>
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。
(
没有
做关灯的动作
)
He forgot turning
the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。
(
已做过关灯的动作
)
Don't
forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。
(to
come
动作未做
)
典型例题
---- The light
in the office is still on.
----
Oh
,
I forgot___.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C.
to turn it off
D. having turned it off
答案:
C
。由
the light is still on
可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,
因此用
forget to do
sth.
而
forget doing sth
表示灯已经关上了,而
自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
er to do
记得去做某事
(
未做
)
;
remember doing
记得做过某事
(
已做
)
Remember to go
to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't
you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗
?
8)
It's for sb.
和
It's of sb.
sb.
常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如:
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,imposs
ible
等:
It's very hard for him to study two
languages.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
sb
的句型一般用表示人物的性格,
品德,
表示主观感情或态度的形容词,
如:
good, kind, nice, clever,
foolish, right
。
It's very nice of you to
help me.
你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
与
of
的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主
语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果
道理上通顺用
of
,不通则用
for
。如:
You
are nice.
(
通顺,所以应用
of)
。
He is hard.
(
p>
人是困难的,不通,因此应用
for
。
p>
)
9)
对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题
中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,
现在采取的作
法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:
句子:
The boy in blue has three
pens.
提问:
1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three
pens?
3. What does
the boy in blue have?
4.
How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度
,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:
句子:
He usually goes to the
park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问:
1.
Who
usually
goes
to
the
park
with
his
friends
at
8:00
on
Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go
with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his
friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.
With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00
on Sunday?
5. What time
does he usually go to the park with his friends on
Sunday?
6.
When does he usually go to the park with his
friends?
10) so
、
s
uch
与不定冠词的使用
与不定冠词
a
、
an
连用,结构为“so+形容词
+a/an+
名词”。如:
He
is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
与不定冠
词
a
、
an
连
用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词
+
名词”。如:
p>
It is such a nice day.
That was such
an interesting story.
11)
使用
-ing
分词的几种情况
1.
在进行时态中。如:
He
is watching TV in the room.
They were
dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.
在
there
be
结构中。如:
There is a boy
swimming in the river.
3.
在
have
fun/problems
结构中。如:
We
have fun learning English this term.
They had
problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.
在介词后面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at
playing basketball
?
5.
在以下结构中:
enjoy doing
sth
乐于做某事
finish doing
sth
完成做某事
feel like doing sth
想要做某事
stop doing sth
停止做某事
forget
doing
sth
忘记做过某事
need doing
sth
需要做某事
go on doing sth
继续做某事
prefer
doing sth
宁愿做某事
remember
doing
sth
记得做过某事
mind doing
sth
介意做某事
like doing sth
喜欢做某事
keep
sb
doing
sth
使某人一直做某事
find sb
doing sth
发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth
看到
/
听到
/
观看某人做某事
try doing sth
试图做某事
miss doing sth
错过做某事
practice doing sth
练习做某
be
busy
doing
sth
忙于做某事
can't help doing sth
禁不住做某事
12)
英语中的“单数”
1.
主语的第三人称单数形式,即可
用“he,
she,
it”代替的。如:
he,she,
it
,
my
friend, his
teacher, our
classroom, Tom, Mary's
uncle
2.
名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:
man
(单数)
---men
(复数)
banana
(单数)
---
bananas
(复数)
3.
动词有原形,第三人称单数形式
,
-ing
分词,过去式,过去分词。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---
worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---
watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形
式。
如:
The boy wants to be a
sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter
makes her breakfast all by herself.
13)
名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I
名词复数的规则变化
1.<
/p>
一般在名词词尾加
-s
。如:
pear---pears
hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks
tree---trees
2.
以字母
-s, -sh,
-ch, -x
结尾的名词,词尾加
-es
。如:
class---classes dish---
dishes
watch---watches
box---boxes
3.
以字母
-o
结尾的某些名词,词尾加
-es
。
如:
potato---
potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes
hero---heroes
4.
以辅音字母加
< br>-y
结尾的名词,将
-y
变为<
/p>
-i,
再加
-es
。如:
family---families
dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country
---countries
5.
以字母
-f
或
-fe
结尾的名词,将
-f
或
-fe
变为
p>
-v
,再加
-es
。如:
half---halves
leaf---leaves
thief---thieves
knife---knives
self---selves
wife---wives
life---lives
wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves
loaf---loaves
但是:
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---
roofs
serf---serfs
gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs
proof---proofs
belief---
beliefs
II
名词复数的不规则变化
1.<
/p>
将
-oo
改为
-
-ee
。如:
foot---feet tooth---
teeth
2.
将
-m
an
改为
-men
。如:
man---men
woman---women
policeman---
policemen postman---postmen
3.
添加词尾。如:
child---children
4.
单复数同形。如:
sheep---sheep deer---
deer
fish---fish
people---people
5.
表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。
即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把
-s
加后面”。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---
Japanese Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen
Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans
Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean
---Koreans
Russian---
Russians Indian---Indians
6.
其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14)
双写最后一个字母的
-ing
分词
初中阶段常见的有以下这些:
→letting
让
hit→hitting
打、撞
cut→cutting
切、割
get→getting
取、得到
sit→sitting
坐
→shopping
购物
trip→tripping
绊
→travel(l)ing
旅游
swim→swimming
游泳
run→running
跑步
dig→digging
挖、
掘
forget→forgetting
忘记
put→p
utting
放
set→setting
设置
babysit→babysitting
临时受雇照顾婴儿
stop→stopping
停止
drop→dropping
放弃
begin→begi
nning
开始
prefer→preferring
宁愿
plan→planning
计划
15)
肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词
变为
p>
any
。如:
There
are
some
birds
in
the
tree.
→
There
aren't
any
birds
in
the
tree.
但是,
若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,
some
可以不变。如:
p>
Would you like some orange
juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如
something,
somebody
等也要进行相应变化。
变为
p>
or
。如:
I have a knife
and a ruler.
→
I don't have a
knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)
变为
many
或
much
。如
:
They
have
a
lot
of
friends.
p>
(可数名词)
→
They
don't
have
many
friends.
There is lots of orange in
the bottle.
(不可数名词)
→
There isn't much orange in
the bottle.
y
p>
变为
yet
。如:
I
have been there already.
→
I
haven't been there yet.
16)
in
与
after
in
与
after
都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。
经常用
于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如:
He will leave
for Beijing in a week.
一周后他会动身去北京。
经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去
为起点,表示过去一段时间。如:
He left for Beijing after a
week.
一周后他动身去了北京。
不过,如果
after
后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如:
We will finish
the work after ten
o'clock.
十点后我们会完成工作的。
3.
注意
区分以下的
in
的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.
一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him
twice in a week.
一周内我会去拜访他两次。
17)
不定冠词
a
与
an
的使用
1.a
用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:
There is a
单词
book
中有个字母
b
。
类似的字母还有:
c, d, g,
j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y,
z
。
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀。
用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如:
There is an
单词
onion
中有个字母
< br>i
。
类似的字母还有:
a, e, f, h, l, m, n,
o, r, s, x
。
Do you have an
umbrella?
你有一把雨伞吗?
3.
以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用
an
;以辅音
字母开头的单词前面也
不一定都用
a.
如:
a useful book
a
universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an
uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18)
如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?
英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这
些:
1
、
put on
主要表达“穿”的动作。如:
He put on his
coat.
他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better
put on your shoes.
你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2
、
wear
主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如:
The old man
wears a pair of
glasses.
老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red
skirt.
那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
3
、
dress
可作及物动词,有“给
......
穿衣”的意思,后接“
人”,而不是
“衣服”。如:
Please dress the children right
now.
请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress
也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:
The woman always dresses in
green.
那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。
4
、
be in
表示穿着的状态。如:
John is in
white today.
约翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few
与
a bit (of)
a little, a few
与
a bit (of)
都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别
:
1. a little
意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。如:
There is a little water in the bottle.
瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。如:
He is a little shy.
他有些害羞。
2. a few
意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。如:
There are a few people in the room.
房间里有一些人。
3. a bit
意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如:
It's a bit cold.
有点冷。
a bit of
后接不可数名词。如:
He
has a bit of money.
他有一点儿钱。
4. a
little
和
a few
表肯定意义
,
little
和
few
表否定意义;如:
There is a little soda in
the glass.
杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass.
杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few
Chinese friends.
我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him.
几乎没有人喜欢他。
5. a little = a bit of,
后接不可数名词;
a little = a
bit = a little bit = kind of,
后接形容词,意为“有
点儿”。
20)
< br>关于
like
的用法
like
可以作动词,也可以作介词。
1
、
like
作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。如:
Do you like the color?
你喜爱这种颜色吗?
like
后可接不定式
(
like
to
do
sth
< br>)
,
也可接动词的
-ing
p>
分词
(
like
doing
sth
),有时意思不尽相同。如:
She likes eating
apples.
她喜爱吃苹果。(习惯)
She likes to eat an
apple.
她喜爱吃一粒苹果。(平常不喜欢吃)
like
与
would
连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?
您愿意喝杯茶吗?
“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing
sth”。如:
They all like
me to sing/singing English songs.
他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。
2
、
like
作介词,可译成“像......”。如:
She is friendly to us like
a mother.
她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。
It
looks like an
orange.
它看起来像个桔子。
3
、区分以下句子:
A.
What does he look like?
他长相如何?
(
指一个人的外貌特征
)
B. What is he
like?
他人怎么样?
(
指人的性格特点
)
C. The boy
like Peter is over there.
(
句指外貌相似
)
D. A boy like
Peter can't do it.
(
指性格相似
)
21) stop
to do sth
与
stop doing sth
1. stop to do
sth
意为“停下来去做某事”。如:
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
2. stop doing sth
意为“停止做某事”。如:
The students
stopped talking.
学生们停止了谈话。
与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth
“继续做某事(与刚才一事不同)”
和
go on doing sth
“继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。如:
He finishes
his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。
They went on playing games.
他们继续玩游戏。
22)
tell, speak, say
与
talk
1. tell
意为“告诉、讲述
”,指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲
述一件事。如:
He tells me
that he wants to be a teacher.
他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。
Father always
tells interesting stories to us.
爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。
tell sb sth
意为“告知某人某事”。如:
He told me
something about his past.
他告诉我一些他的往事。
tell sb to do sth
意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如:
David told his
son to do the homework.
大卫要他的儿子去做作业。
2. speak
意为“说话、讲话”,后面主要接语言。如:
He
can speak English and a little Chinese.
他能讲英语和一点汉语。
speak to
意为“和
.....
讲话、谈话”。如:
Can I speak to Mr Zhang?
我能和张先生讲话吗?
speak of
意为“提到、说起”。如:
The book
speaks of my hometown.
那本书提到我的家乡。
3.
talk
意为“谈话、
讲话”,
如果只有一方对另一方说话时,
一般
用
talk
to
;
如果双方或多方交谈,多用
with
。如:
Please talk to
him right now.
请立即同他谈话。
He
is talking with his friend.
他在和朋友交谈。
talk about
意为“谈论......”。如:
They are
talking about the movie.
他们在谈论那部电影。
have a talk with
意为“与
......
交谈”。如:
Can I have a talk with you?
我可以和你交谈吗?
4. say
意为“说”。如:
Can you say it in English once more?
你能用英语再说一遍吗?
say to
意为“对
......
说”。如:
He
said to his students that they would have a test.
他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。
It is said
that...
意为“据说”。如:
It
is said that he could stay under the water for a
long time.
据说他能呆在水里很长时间。
23) Excuse me!
与
I'm sorry!
1.
Excuse
me!
意为“打搅了!对不起!”,一般是为了与陌生人搭话
,或者
要打断对方所说(做)的事。如:
Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?
请问,附近有旅馆吗?
Excuse me,
could I say something?
打搅一下,我能说一些吗?
2.
I'm sorry!
意为“对不起!”,表示道歉。如:
I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again.
对不起,张先生。我不会这么做了。
24)
表示时间的
in
、
on
与
at
in, on
与
at
都可以和表示时间的词(组)连用。
1. in
表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如:
in
the morning
在上午
in May, 2004
在
2004
年五月
in a week
在一周之内(后)
It's Sunday, I
can finish it in two days.
现在是星期天,我能在两天后完成。(星期二)
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是在一天内建起来的。
2. on
主要指在具体的一天。如:
on Sunday
在星期天
on May Day
在“五一”节
on a hot
afternoon
在一个炎热的下午
He
arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004.
他
于
2004
年
4
月
26
日到达北京。
3. at
表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如:
at
8:00
在八点
at noon
在中午
I always get up at 6:00
every morning.
我总是每天早晨六点起床。
It's always warm at this time of year.
每年的这个时候总是暖和的。
25)
Other
及其用法
Other
及其相近的词(组),如
others, the
other, the others, another,
any
other
等,一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题,平常的
考试、作业中经
常出错。下面是它们的一些用法:
1
、
oth
er
指其余的人或物,
所有格是
other's
,
复数形式是
others;
the
other
指“两个人或物中的另一个”,其复数形式是
the
others;
others
相当于
“other
+ 名词”,所以不能充当定语,修饰名词。
others
指整体中去掉
一部分后剩余的部分,
但不是全部的,即
some...others
(一些
p>
...
其余
<
/p>
的人
...
)
;
the others
强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部,即
some...the
others.
2
、
another
泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。
由
an
和
other
合
并构成,所以不能和冠词连用。
another
修饰单数名词,比如:
another
pencil.
3
、
any other
指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,后面要用名词的单
数形式。
26) look
短语
<
/p>
常见的
look
短语有以下这些:
at
p>
朝
......
看
(look at=have a
look at)
Please look at the map of
China.
请看中国地图。
for
寻找
The old man is looking for
his dog.
老人在寻找他的狗。
like
看起来像
Nancy looks like her
mother.
南希看起来像她母亲。
the same
看上去一样
Li Ping and Li
Jing look the same.
李萍和李晶看上去一样。
up
查找
Please look up the word in
the dictionary.
请在词典中查找这个单词。
over
仔细检查
The doctor looked over Mary
carefully.
医生仔细检查了玛丽。
after
照顾,照看
You must look
after your old father.
你必须照顾你的老父亲。
around
到处寻找、查看
We looked
around, but we found nothing strange.
我们四处查看,但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。
27) too
,
also
与
either
<
/p>
用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗号。如:
We are in the same school, too.
我们也在相同的学校。
Do you play soccer every
day, too?
你也每天踢足球吗?
用于肯定
句和疑问句,一般位于实义动词前、
be
动词后。如:
Sandra is also a Korean student.
Sandra
也是一个韩国学生。
用于否定句,一般放在句末。如:
They don't know the answer, either.
她们也不知道答案。
well
as
也有“也”的意思。如:
We have great
mushroom pizza as well as soda.
He is a happy
boy as well.
28)
hard
与
hardly
既可作形容词,也可作副词。如:
It's a hard
(
adj.
) question.
(=difficult)
这是一个难的问题。
The boy studies
very hard (
adv.
).
那男孩学习非常努力。
句子结构:
It's hard
for sb to do sth
做某事对某人来说是难的。如:
It's hard for
him to finish the work.
完成那项工作对他来说很难。
注意区分:
hard work
困难的工作
work hard
努力工作
3.
hardly
< br>是频度副词,表示否定的意思。(
=almost
not
)通常用在形容词、
副词和动词之前。如:
I can hardly
see it.
我几乎看不到它。
29)
sometime,sometimes,some
time
与
some times
记
忆:
sometimes(
有时
)so
me times(
好几次
)sometime(
某一次
)some
time(
一段
)
口诀:有
s
是有时,有时分开好几次,无
s
是某时,某时分开是一段。
me
< br>是时间副词,指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间(某时候或任何
时候),不指一段时间。如:
We'll go to
Beijing sometime next month.
我们下个月某一时候会去北京。
mes
是频度副词,指“有时”、“
不时”的意思(
=at
times
)。如:
Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday
morning.
有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。
ti
me
是名词词组,指一段时间(一些时间或若干时间)。如:
It
took him some time to finish the
book.
她花了一些时间去完成作业。
times
指“几次”。如:
He met the
woman some times last month.
上个月他见过那妇女几次。
30)
exercise
的一些用法
1.
作不及物动词,译为“运动,锻
炼”。如:
David exercises every
morning.
大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。
2.
作及物动词,译为“训练”。如:
Swimming exercises the whole body.
游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。
3.
作名
词,译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如:
It's good to do
eye exercises every day.
每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。
Please do more
exercise from now on.
从今以后请多做运动吧。
I have lots of
homework to do tonight.
今晚我有很多的作业要做。
4.
p>
注意:
exercise
指具体运动或体操
时是可数名词,复数形式为
exercises
;
泛指运动时是不可数名词。
31) maybe
与
may be
是副词,
译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。如:
Maybe he can
answer the question.
也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is
from the USA, too.
他可能也来自美国。
be
中的
may
为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如:
He
may be from the USA, too.
他可能也来自美国。
She
may be our English teacher.
她可能是我们的英语老师。
32)
same
与
different
p>
指“相同的”,前面通常要有一个定冠词
the
,但是如果
same
前面已
p>
经有
this
,
t
hose
等词,就不能再与
the
连用
了。如:
We are in the same class.
我们在同一个班级。
结构:
the same as <
/p>
与
......
一样
如:
His mark is the same as mine.
他的分数和我的分数一样。
ent
译为“不同的”,其后的可数
名词应为复数形式。如:
We are in different
classes.
我们在不同的班级。
结构:
be different
from
与
......
不同
如:
This sweater
is different from that one.
这件毛衣与那一件不同。
different
的名词形式为<
/p>
difference,
复数形式为
d
ifferences
。
33) <
/p>
动词
want
的用法
1. want sth.
想要某物
They want some help.
他们需要一些帮助。
2. want sb. to do sth.
想要某人去做某事
My father wants
me to help him on the
farm.
我父亲要我在农场上帮他。
3. want to do
sth.
想要做某事
I want to study
English in England.
我想要在英国学习英语。
doing
需要
...
Your sweater
wants washing.
你的运动衣该洗了。
34) be
good(bad) for
、
be good
at
的相关用法
good for
对
......
有益
Doing morning
exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你们的建康有益。
good at
擅长于
......
Li Ping is good
at basketball.
李平擅长于篮球。
= Li Ping is
good at playing basketball.
李平擅长于打篮球。
be good at = do
well in
如:
I'm good at
math. = I do well in math.
我擅长于数学。
good to
对
......
好
Parents are
always good to their children.
父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。
35) how
many
与
how much
many
表示“多少”,对数量提
问,后面接可数名词的复数形式。如:
There are four
people in my family.
---How many people are in
your family?
你家里有几个人?
We have seven
classes every day.
---How
many
classes
do
you
have
every
day?
你们每天上几节课?
much
也是表示“多少”,但它对不可数名词进行提问。如:
There is some milk in the bottle.
---How much milk is there in the
bottle?
瓶子里有多少牛奶?
much
还可以对价格提问,表示“多少钱”的意思。如:
The
yellow T-shirt is only 35
yuan
.
---How much is
the yellow T-shirt?
那件黄色的
T
恤衫多少钱?
36) with
的几个用法
表“和、同、与”。如:
Can
you go to the park with me?
你能和我一起去公园吗?
表“用、以、被”。如:
Don't write with the red pen.
不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。
表“随着”。如:
Climate varies with the time of the
year.
气候随着时令的不同而不同。
表“带有
、有
......
的”。如:
The
girl with long hair is my classmate.
长头发的女孩是我的同学。
表“因为、由于”。如:
They were angry with hard work.
他们因为艰难的工作而生气。
6.
一些
w
ith
结构:
play
with
与
......
一起玩
be
angry with
对
......
生气
talk with
与
...
...
交谈
get
on
well
with
与
......
相处融洽
37) a lot of(lots
of)
与
many,much
1.a
lot of
意为“许多、大量”
,
相
当于
lots
of.
它既可以修饰可数名词,又
可以修饰不可数名词。如:
I
have a lot of friends in China.
我在中国有很多朋友。
The
old man has lots of money.
那位老人有很多的钱。
意为“许
多”
.
它用来修饰可数名词。如:
Do
you have many beautiful skirts?
你有很多漂亮的裙子吗?
意为“大
量”
.
它用来修饰不可数名词。如:
There is much water in the lake.
湖里有大量的水。
4.a lot
of
(
=lots of
)用在肯定句
中,而
many
,
much
不受限制。如果将一
个含有
a lot
of
(
=lots
of
)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句,要将它们
改为
many
或
much<
/p>
。如:
We can see a lot of birds
in the tree.
---We can't see many birds in the tree.
我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。
He wants lots
of soda.
---Does he want much soda?
他需要许多汽水吗?
38)
help
用法举例
help
既可以作名词,也可以作动
词。
作名词,意为“帮助”。如:
He
needs some help.
他需要一些帮助。
作动词,也是“帮助”的意思。如:
Can
you help me?
你能帮帮我吗?
的结构:
help sb (to) do sth
帮助某人做某事
=help sb with sth
帮助某人做某事
如:
They want to help the boy
carry the heavy box.
=They want to help the boy
with the heavy box.
他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。
39) well
的用法
well
可以作副词,也可以作形容词。
作副词,意为“(某事干得)好”。如:
The boy draws very well.
男孩画得很好。
作形容词,意为“健康、安好”。如:
I'm
not feeling well.
我觉得不舒服。
40)
ago
与
before
ago
与
b
efore
都表示“......以前”,但用法有所区别。
意为“以前”,
表示从此刻算起的若干
时间之前,
常用于过去时的句子
中。如:
He took a photo a week
ago.
他一周前照了一张相片。
作为副词时表示:
a.<
/p>
从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前,用于过去完成时的句子中。如:
The boy had already seen the comedy
before.
那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。
b.<
/p>
笼统的“以前”,用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中,一般单独使
用,而
ago
不可以单独使用。
如:
He's read this novel
before.
他以前读过这部小说。
41)
need
的用法
作实义动词,意为“需要”。如:
Do
you need to stay at home?
你要呆在家里吗?
作情态动词,一般用于对
must
的否定回答。如:
---Must he leave now?
他必须离开吗?
---No, he
needn't.
不,他不必。
3.
区分:
作实义动词。
He needs to go.
He doesn't need
to go.
Does he need to go?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
作情态动词,一般不用于肯定句。
He needn't go.
Need he go?
Yes, he
need./No, he needn't.
42)
decide
的几种句式
to do sth
决定去做某事
They decide to fly kite on weekend.
他们决定在周末去放风筝。
on doing sth
决定做某事
They decide on flying kites.
他们决定放风筝。
on sth
就某事决定
......
Betty decided
on the red skirt.
贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。
4.
decide
< br>的名词形式为
decision
,
结构:
make a
decision
,意为“做决定”。如:
He
has made a decision.
他已经做一个决定了。
43)
too many,too much
与
much too
many
意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数。如:
There are too many students in our
class.
我们班上有太多的学生。
much
意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词。如:
We
have too much work to do.
我们有太多的工作要做。
too
表示“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:
The
box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它。
44) can
的用法
1.
表示能力。如:
We
can carry the heavy box.
我们可以搬得动箱子。
Who can sing an
English song?
谁会唱英文歌?
2.
表示惊讶、不相信等态度,主要
用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
Can it be true?
这会是真的吗?
You can't be
serious?
你不会当真吧?
3.
表示允许,意思与
may
相近,主要用于口语中。如:
Can
I smoke here?
我可以在这儿吸烟吗?
Can I go with him?
我可以跟他一起去吗?
新目标八年级英语上册第一单元复习
I.
应掌握的词组:
1. go to the movies
去看电影
2. look after=take care of
照顾
3. surf the
internet
上网
4. healthy lifestyle
健康的生活方式
5. go
skate boarding
去划板
6. keep healthy=stay
healthy
保持健康
7.
exercise=take (much) exercise
=do
sports
锻炼
8. eating habits
饮食习惯
9. take more
exercise
做更多的运动
10. the same as
与什么相同
11. once a
month
一月一次
12. be
different from
不同
13. twice a
week
一周两次
14. make
a difference to
对什么有影响
15. how often
多久一次
16.
although=though
虽然
17. most of the
students=most students
大多数学生
18. shop=go shopping
=do
some shopping
购物
19. as for
至于
20. activity
survey
活动调查
21. do
homework
做家庭作业
22.
do house work
做家务事
23. eat less
meat
吃更少的肉
24.
junk food
垃圾食物
25. be good for
对什么有益
26. be bad
for
对什么有害
27. want
to do sth
想做某事
28. want sb to do
sth
想某人做某事
29. try
to do sth
尽量做某事
30. come home from
school
放学回家
31. of
course=certainly=sure
当然
32. get good
grades
取得好成绩
33.
some advice
34. help sb to do
sth
帮助某人做某事
=help
sb with sth
35. a lot of vegetables
=many
vegetables
许多蔬菜
36. hardly=not nearly / almost
not
几乎不
37.
keep/be in good
health
保持健康
II.
应掌握的句子:
1.
How often do
you exercise?
你(你们)多久锻炼一次身体?
How often +
助动词<
/p>
do(does
或
did) +
主语
+ do sth.?
疑问词
how often
是问频率<
/p>
(
多久一次
),
(在这里助动词
do(does
或
di
d)
是起帮助构成疑问的作用)与一般现
在时或一般过去时连
用,回答一般是用表示频率的副词,如:
once, twice, three
times
…
,
sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day,
once a week , twice a month ,
three
times a month , three or four times a month
等。
翻译:
“你们多久到工厂去一次?”
“每星期两次。
”
(
“
How often do
you go to the factory?
”
“
Twice a week.
”
)
“他们多长时间举办一次舞会?
”
“通常每两周举办一次。
”
(
“
How
often do they have a dancing
party?
”
“
Usually, once every other
week.
”
)
“他多久去购一次物
?”
“一个月一次。
”
(
“How often does
he go shopping?”
“He goes
shopping once a month.”
)
2.
“What do you usually do
on
weekends?”
“ I
usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常
做什么?”
“我通常踢足球。
”
p>
第一个
do
为助动词
,
在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;
而第二个
< br>do
则是实义动词。
翻译:
What do you usually do on
weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends?
She sometimes go hiking.
3. “What’s your favorite
program?”
“It’s Animal
World.”
“你最喜欢什么节
目?”
“动物世界。
”
4.
As for
homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...
意思是
“
至于;关于
”
,常用于句首作状语,其后跟名词
、代词或动词的
-ing
形式(即动
名词)
。如:
As for him
,
I
never want to see him here.
至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the
story
,
you'd better not
believe it.
关于那故事,你最好不要相信。
翻译:至于我自己,我现在不想去。
(As for myself, I
don
’
t want to go now. )
至于那个人,我什么都不知道。
(As for the man, I know nothing about
him.)
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00
and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth.
意思是
“
想要做某事
”
;
want sb. to do sth.
意思是
“
想要某人做某事
”
。如:
Do you want to go to the
movies with me
?你想和我一起去看电影吗?
The teacher doesn't want us to eat
hamburgers.
老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
6. Sh
e says it’s good for my
health.
be good for...
表示
“
对
……
有益
(有好处)
”
;
其反义为:
be bad
for...
。
(这里
for
是
介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)如:
It's good for us to do more reading.
多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your
eyes.
在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every
night?
8. I exercise every day ,
usually when I
come home from
school
.
9. My eating habits
are pretty good .
这里
< br>pretty
相当于
very
。
10. I try to
eat
a lot of
vegetables ,
usually
ten to eleven times a
week
.
try to do
sth.
表示
“
尽力做某事
”
,
不包含是否成功的意思而
try
doing sth.
表示
“
(用某一办法)试着去做某事”
。如
:
You’d better try doing the experiment
in another way.
你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me
get good grades
.
help sb.(to) do
sth.
帮助某人做某事
12.
Good food and exercise help me to study better.
这里<
/p>
better
是
well
的比较级,而不是
good
的比较级
< br>
13. Is her lifestyle
the
same as
yours or different?
=
Is her lifestyle
the same as
your lifestyle
or is her lifestyle
different
from
yours? be
the same as
…
/ be different from
…
14.
What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables
help you to
keep in good health
.
keep in good health = keep healthy =
stay healthy
16. You must try to eat
less meat .
try
to do sth.
表示
“
尽力做某事
”
,
不包含是否成功的意思
,less
是
little
的比较级
17. That sounds
interesting.
这是<
/p>
“
主语
+
系动词
+
表语
”
结构
的简单句。
sound
(听起来)
,<
/p>
look
(看起来)
,
< br>smell
(闻起来)
,
ta
ste
(尝起来)
,
feel
(觉得)
,
seem
(
好象)
,
grow
(变得)
,get
(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:
It tastes good.
这味道好。
The music
sounds very sweet.
这音乐听起来很入耳。
The
smoke grew heavier and heavier.
烟雾变得越来越浓了。
新目标八年级英语上册第二单元复习
I.
应掌握的词组:
1. Have a cold
感冒
2. sore back
背痛
3.
neck and neck
并驾齐驱,齐头并进
4. I have a
stomachache
我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
=There is something wrong with my
stomach
= My stomach hurts = I have
(got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s
the matter?
怎么了?
= What’s the trouble (with you)? =
What’s your troub
le?
=
What’s wrong (with you)? =What’ the matter (with
you)?
=What has happened to
you? =Is there anything wrong (with you)?
= what’s up?
6.
sore throat
咽喉痛
7.
lie down and rest
躺下休息
8. see a dentist
看牙医
10. hot tea
with honey
加蜂蜜的热茶
’s a good idea
好主意
’s too bad
太糟糕了
9. drink
lots of water
多喝水
13.I think so
我认为如此
14.
I’m not feeling well.
我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all
right.
=
I’m feeling
ill/sick.
=I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel
well.
15. get some rest
多休息
16. I have no idea = I
don’t know
我不知道
20.
traditional Chinese
doctors
传统中医
17.
stressed out
筋疲力尽
21.
a balance of
yin
and
yang
阴阳调和
18. I am tired
我累了
He is tired.
他累了
22. you have too much
yin.
你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance
diet
饮食平衡
19. a healthy
lifestyle
健康的生活方式
y food
健康食品
25. stay healthy
保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in
good health = keep fit
26.
enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself,
themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词
)
玩得高兴,过得愉快
=have a good time =
have a wonderful time
=have
fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (
< br>名词
)
喜欢某物
,
enjoy doing
sth.
喜欢做某事
=like dong sth
Practice doing
sth.
练习做某事,
mind
doing sth.
介意做某事,
finish doing
sth.
完成某事,
give up
doing sth.
放弃做某事,
can’t help doing
sth.
忍不住做某事,
keep
ding sth.
坚持做某事
.
即:
practi
ce, mind,
finish, give up, can’t help, keep
与
enjoy
用法基本相似
the moment = now
此刻
29.
Host family
东道家庭
30. Conversation
practice
会话练习
31.I’m sorry to
hear that.
听到此事我很难过
II.
应掌握的句子:
1
.
What’s the matter? I have a bad cold.
你怎么了?我得了重感冒。
翻译:他怎么了?他胃痛。
魏芳怎么了?她背痛。
2
.
Maybe you
should see a dentist.
或许你应该看牙医。
翻译:我应该上床睡觉。
李平应该躺下休息。
我们不应该上课吃东西。
3
.
I hope you feel
better soon.
我希望你很快好起来。
翻译:我希望他明天能来。
他希望能取得好成绩。
我们希望能取得一等奖。
我希望你喜欢我在纽约的学校。
4
.
Traditional
Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin
and yang to be healthy.
传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。
翻译:老师认为我们应该努力学习以取得好成绩。
父母认为我们应该上大学以便得到一份好的工作。
你应该做锻炼来保持健康。
我相信每天晚上睡眠
8
个小时很重要。
吃均衡饮食以保持健康。
5
.
Eating Dangshen
and Huangqi herbs
is
also
good for this.
吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。
翻译:吃一些蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。
看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
6
.
People who are
too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。
7
.
It’s easy to
have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to
eat a balanced diet.
有一个健康的生活方式很容易,饮食平衡是很重要的。
翻译:学好英语不是很容易的。
上课注意听讲是必要的。
完成作业也很重要。
8
.
When you are
tired, you shouldn’t go out at night.
疲倦时,晚上你不该外出。
翻译:他小的时候就知道应该努力学习。
他
5
p>
岁就上学了。
我们进教室时,老师已经开始讲课了。
9
.
I
believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
他的话是真的,但是我不信任他这个人。
10
.
I am not
feeling very well at the moment.
这段时间我感觉不大好。
I’m tired
and I
have a lot of headaches.
我很疲劳,而且经常头痛。
11
.
I’m stressed
out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.
我很容易紧张,因为普通话没有长进。
12
.
I practice
playing the piano every
day.
我每天练习弹钢琴。
翻译:他每天练习踢足球。
我们应该每天练习说英语。
我们应该经常联系用英语写日记。
13
.
She had
finished writing the letter when I went in.
我进去时,她已经写完信了。
翻译:他踢完足球去游泳了。
我洗完餐具后去商店了。
14
.
The doctor
asked him to give up
smoking.
医生叫他戒烟。
翻译:不要放弃学英语。
15
.
Do
you mind closing the window?
请把窗户关上好吗?
翻译:在这里吸烟你介意吗?
16
.
Mary couldn’t
help laughing at h
is
jokes.
对于他的玩笑,玛莉忍不住笑了。
翻译:听到这个消息,我忍不住哭了起来。
17
.
They kept
working though it was
raining.
尽管天在下雨,他们仍坚持工作。
翻译:我们应该坚持学英语。
新目标八年级英语第三单元复习
I.
应掌握的词组:
1. b
abysit one’s sister
照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother
看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends
和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins
看望表弟等
5. Go to
sports camp
去运动野营
to the beach
去海滩
7. go camping
去野营
8. Go shopping
去买东西
9. go swimming
去游泳
10. go boating
去划船
11. go skating
去溜冰
12. go walking
去散步
13. go climbing
去登山
14. go dancing
去跳舞
15. go hiking
去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing
去观光
17. go house-hunting
去找房子
on a hike
徒步旅行,
go bike riding
骑自行车旅行,
go fishing
去钓鱼
19. do some shopping
买东西
20. do some washing
洗衣服
21. do some cooking
作饭
22. do some reading
读书
23. do some
speaking
训练口语
24. do some sewing
做缝纫活
sounds nice
那好极了
26. at home
在家
27. how about=what about ……
怎么样?
28. how long
多长时间
29. how far
多远
30. how often
多长时间一次
31. how
much, how many
多少
32. have a good time =have fun= have a
wonderful time= enjoy oneself
玩得高兴,过得愉快
33. show sb.
Sth.=show sth. to
sb.
出示某物给某人看
give me the
book=give the book to me
给我书,
pass me the
cup=pass the cup to me
把杯子递给我,
sell me
the house=sell the house to me
把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me
给我买书,
make me a
cake=make a cake for me
给我做蛋糕
34. get
back=come back
回来
35. rent
videos
租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a
walk
散步
37. think about
考虑
38. decide on= decide upon
决定一个计划
39. something different
不同的事情
40
.
a great
vacation
一个愉快的假期
41.
I can’t wait
我等不及了
42. the
famous movie star
著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation
激动人心的假期
44. Ask
her about her plans
向她询问她的计划
ask sb. about
sth.
向某人询问某事
45.
forget to do sth.
忘记要做某事,
forget doing sth.
忘记做过某事
II.
应该掌握的句子:
1
.
What are you
doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my
sister.
假期你要做什么?我要照顾我的妹妹。
翻译:周末他要做什么?他要去滑划板。
李平假期要做什么?他要去野营。
2
.
Who are you
going with? I’m going with my parents.
你要和谁一起去?我要和父母一起去。
翻译:王林要和谁一起去观光?他要和他的朋友们一起去。
我要和同学们一起去游泳。
我和父母要去游览长城。
他们假期要做什么?他们要在家里放松放松。
3
.
When is he
going camping? He is going on the
12
th
of February, 2005.
4
.
I’m going to
Tibet for a week.
我要去西藏一周。
翻译:你要去西藏多长时间?
他们假期要在家里呆一个月。
你要在香港呆多长时间?只呆
p>
4
天,我不喜欢离开太长时间。
5
.
What are you
doing there? I’m going hiking in the
mountains.
你在那里要做什么?
我要在山区里远足。
6
.
Show me your
photos when we get back to school.
我们返回学校时,你把照片拿给我看。
翻译:我来把我的新照片拿给你看看。
他长大时想当一名时装杂志的记者。
7
.
Where are you
going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for
vacation.
你要去哪度假?我要去夏威夷度假。
翻译:他要去哪度假?他要去泰国度假。
8
.
I’m
going to Hawaii for vacation in December, and I’m
staying for three weeks.
我要
在<
/p>
12
月去夏威夷度假,在那里呆
3
个星期。
翻译:他打算在
< br>11
月
2
日去海南度假,在那呆
大约
1
个月。
9
.
What is it like
there?
那里什么样子?
翻译:那部电视剧怎么样?
那里的天气怎么样?
你和谁一起去?
你要呆多长时间?
10. Can I ask you some questions about
your vacation plans?
我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗?
翻译:我能吃点肉吗?
他向我打听你家的情况。
11. He thought about going
to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.
他考虑去希腊或西班牙,但是最后他决定去加拿大。
翻译:我总是在欧洲读假。
这次,我想有所改变。
我听说加拿大风景优美,而且我知道那里也有很多人说法语。
12.
He is leaving the first week in June and staying
until September.
他将在
6
月的第一个星期动身,一直呆到
9
< br>月。
翻译:他想度过一个轻松的假期。
我想要过一个令人兴奋的假期。
我计划去美丽的乡村度过这段时间。
13.
Please don’t
forget to close the door when you
leave.
你离开时,请别忘记关门。
14
.
She couldn’t
wait to get home to see he parents.
她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。
翻译:我听说泰国是一个观光游览的好地方。
她星期二动身去香港。
我想要问你有关在中国旅游地点的问题。
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