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上海高考英语备考训练
上海高考英语题型训练
:
写作
2020
高三第一学期期末质量抽查
IV
. Summary
Writing
（
10
分）
Directions:
Read the following passage. Summarize the main
idea and the main point
（
s
）
of the passage in no more than
60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
松江
It goes
without saying that the language spoken by the
majority of British people
has the same
name as the language spoken by most citizens of
the U.S.A. Nonetheless,
quite apart
from well-documented lexical
（词汇的）
differences -
pavement/sidewalk,
lift/elevator, etc.
- there are still some words and phrases which can
cause confusion
and misunderstanding
between speakers of the two different forms.
That's why sonic
people say that Great
Britain and the United States are nations
separated by a common
language. There
are practical reasons for this.
When
the
first
English
settlers
arrived
in
what
we
now
call
America,
the
language they spoke was
naturally the same as that spoken by their
compatriots
（同
胞）
on the other
side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they
immediately saw things
which didn't
exist in Europe, often items used and made by
Native Americans, such as
canoes
and
moccasins
and
creatures
such
as
buffalo.
They
also
picked
up
words
which
they
heard
being
used
by
other
European
immigrants.
The
word
for
example, was used by
settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th
century. It
comes
from
the
Dutch
word
which
means
master.
The
word
also
comes from
the Dutch
There
are
many
words,
phrases
and
even
grammatical
structures
which
are
mistaken for Americanisms
（美式英语用语）
in Britain when they
are nothing of the
sort.
Very
often,
they
represent
not
an
American
import,
but
an
original
form
of
British
English
which
has
disappeared
in
Britain.
The
verbs
meaning
think
and
“loan”
me
aning
lend
and
the
adjective
meaning
angry
are
frequently
criticized as Americanisms, yet they
all appeared in British English hundreds of years
ago.
In the case of
“loan”, it was used as
long
ago
as
1,200
years!
In
fact,
English
spoken
in
the
UK
has
changed
so
thoroughly
in
the
last
500
years
that
American
English now represents the last place
where some original British English forms can
be found.
参考答案：
Although American
English and British English are the same language,
there
are
great
differences.
Two
reasons
account
for
the
phenomenon.
New
words
were
created
after
the
first
English
settlers
in
America
saw
new
things
and
learned
words
from
other
Europeans.
Additionally,
some
original
expressions
have
been
changed by British
people while they are still being used by
Americans.
崇明
Giving Thanks
This is the season for taking the time
to reflect on what we're thankful for in life.
Spending that time with friends and
family to give thanks is what makes the holidays
so special. But why should we limit it
to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a
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上海高考英语备考训练
muscle
we
should
strengthen
year-round
to
make
us
healthier,
happier
humans
and
leaders.
Emmons,
through
his
research,
found
that
grateful
people
reported
feeling
healthier, both
mentally and physically. Specifically, those who
were grateful were 25
percent happier
than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-
being is a crucial topic
when it comes
to preventing employee burn-out and promoting
engagement. Beyond
the research that
shows that employees who arc shown that they arc
appreciated arc
more productive by 50
percent, caring for your employees’
well
-being is simply the
right
thing
to
do.
Providing
programs
that
support
managing
life's
everyday
challenges, offering fitness classes or
implementing flexible work schedules are just a
few things that, when paired with
gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged
and
happier working professionals.
Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced
industry, I am surrounded by ambitious
people
who
are
always
striving
for
more
and
better.
Gratitude
challenges
yon
to
reflect in the moment instead of always
thinking about the future. It starts by paying
attention
to
what's
going
on
in
your
life,
and
that
true
self-awareness
is
a
key
ingredient
to being successful in your career.
Gratitude is a powerful tool for
strengthening relationships, both at work and in
your
personal
life.
People
who
express
their
gratitude
tend
to
be
more
willing
to
forgive others and
therefore able to create long-lasting connections.
The old saying goes “It’s never too
late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true
of gratitude. That’s a gift worth
celebrating 365 days a year.
参考答案：
We
should
show
gratitude
year-round
as
it
is
beneficial
to
both
our
personal
and professional life. First, it helps our
physical and mental health and makes
us
happier, thus promoting production at work.
Second, it makes us more self-aware,
which
can
contribute
to
career
success.
Lastly
，
it
makes
us
more
likely
to
forgive
others and helps build strong
relationships. (59 words)
虹口
The Zeigarnik Effect
Have
you
ever
found
yourself
thinking
about
a
partially
finished
project
for
school
or
work
when
you
were
trying
to
focus
on
other
things?
Or
perhaps
you
wondered
what
would
happen
next
in
your
favorite
TV
show
or
film
series.
If
you
have, you’ve experienced
the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember
unfinished tasks
better than finished
tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be
put
into use in
everyday
life.
The
effect
is
especially
well
suited
for
helping
overcome
procrastination
or
delaying an action to a later time. We
often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming.
However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests
that the key to overcoming procrastination is
to just get started. The first step
could be something small and seemingly
insignificant.
In fact, it’s probably
best if it’s something fairly easy.
The Zeigarnik effect
can be
useful
for students
who are
studying for an exam.
The
effect
tells
us
that
breaking
up
study
periods
can
actually
improve
recall.
So
instead
of
cramming
for
an
exam
all
in
one
sitting,
breaks
should
be
scheduled
in
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