-
宝山
Section C
Directions:
Read the passage
carefully. Then answer the questions or complete
the statements in
the fewest possible
words.
Millions
of
personal
computers
across
the
world
are
running
at
this
moment,
but
most
are
using
just a fraction of their full capacity to process
information. Imagine what could happen if the
spare power of these millions of
machines were used to solve global problems.
The
organization
Charity
Engine
attempts
to
do
just
that.
It
enables
researchers
and
companies
to
use
the
extra
computing
power
of
thousands
of
personal
computers.
These
companies pay a usage
fee that goes to carefully selected charities.
The computers
Charity Engine
offers a free app that has the
user
?
s computer do research
as a background
task. The program runs
automatically, without direction from the user.
Each computer works on a
small chunk of
a larger project and sends back its results. The
results are combined to answer the
researchers
?
questions.
The researchers
Charity Engine mostly uses its
computing power for companies doing scientific,
medical or
commercial research. For
example, Rosetta@home attempts to help find cures
for serious diseases
by discovering the
shapes of proteins. Another project,
Einstein@Home, tests scientific theories.
And another helps establishments in
Africa such as universities search for ways to
fight the spread
of malaria.
The Charities
Charity Engine
gives 50 percent of the profits from renting out
computing power to various
charities.
Each
organization
it
supports
has
a
good
reputation
for
working
in
an
area
of
vital
importance. Most of
them seek to address the primary causes of poverty
while bringing short-term
relief.
These
include
Oxfam,
a
network
of
organizations
in
94
countries.
Another
is
CARE
International,
one
of
the
three
largest
international
aid
agencies,
which
works
in
87
countries.
Charity
Engine
also
supports
Doctors
Without
Borders,
which
supplies
medical
care,
and
WaterAid,
which
provides
safe
water
and
promotes
hygiene
(
卫生
)
in
developing
countries.
Another
of
its
charities,
Sightsavers,
works
to
prevent
and
reverse
blindness
through
medical
treatments and provides training for
the blind. Charity Engine helps many other
organizations as
well.
An
added bonus
Charity
Engine
returns
the
other
50
percent
of
its
earnings
to
the
people
who
made
it
all
possible. The app users are entered
into draws. Chosen at random, the winners receive
thousands
of dollars in prizes!
Thanks
to
Charity
Engine,
computing
power
that
would
have
gone
to
waste
is
fighting
poverty and bringing healing and hope.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete
the statements in
NO MORE THAN TEN
WORDS.
)
78. What does
Charity Engine help companies do?
_______________
__________________________________________________
__________.
79. How does Charity Engine
spend its earnings?
___________________________
________________________________________________.
80. The computers selected by Charity
Engine help researchers and companies through
________.
81. According to the passage,
besides many organizations, Charity Engine mostly
supports _____.
1
78. Scientific, medical or commercial
research
79. Giving half to charities,
and the rest to the earners.
80. a free
app offered by Charity Engine
81.
Oxfam, CARE International, Doctors Without
Borders, WaterAid and Sightsavers
黄埔
Section C
The
motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people
in its brief history than any bomb or
weapon ever invented. Much of the blood
on the street flows essentially from uncivil
behavior of
drivers who refuse to
respect the legal or moral rights of others. So
the massacre
（大屠杀）
on the
road may be regarded as a social
problem.
In
fact,
the
enemies
of
society
on
wheels
are
rather
harmless
people
just
ordinary
people
acting
carelessly,
you
might
say.
But
it
is
a
principle
both
of
law
and
common
morality
that
carelessness is no excuse when one?s
actions could bring death or damages to others. A
minority
of the killers go even beyond
carelessness to total negligence.
Researchers
have
estimated
that
as
many
as
80
percent
of
all
automobile
accidents
can
be
connected
with
psychological
condition
of
the
driver.
Emotional
upsets
can
affect
drivers?
reactions, slow
their judgment, and blind them to dangers that
might otherwise be evident. The
experts
warn
that
it
is
vital
for
every
driver
to
make
a
conscious
effort
to
keep
one?s
emotions
under control.
Yet the irresponsibility
that accounts for much of the problem is not
limited to drivers. Street
walkers
regularly ignore traffic regulations. They are at
fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and
many cyclists even believe that they
are not subject to the basic rules of the road.
In
the
past
few
years,
safety
standards
for
vehicle
have
been
raised
both
at
the
point
of
manufacture and through
periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition,
speed limits have been
lowered.
Due
to
these
measures,
the
accident
rate
has
decreased.
But
the
accident
experts
still
worry because there has been little or
no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only
real
and lasting solution, say the
experts, is to convince people that driving is a
skilled task requiring
constant care
and concentration. Those who fail to do all these
things present a threat to those with
whom they share the road.
(Note: Answer the questions
or complete the statements in
NO MORE
THAN TEN WORDS
.)
78. Why road killers can?t be
excused?
Because __________.
79. In order to avoid automobile
accidents, the experts suggest drivers should
__________.
80. Besides drivers, who
should also be blamed for most roads accidents?
81. The accident rate has decreased in
the past few years because of __________.
78. their actions bring death or damage
to others
79. keep their emotions under
control
80. Street walkers and cyclists
who ignore traffic regulations.
81.
raised standard for vehicle and lowered speed
limits
嘉定
Section C
Stress for a teenager is as real a
problem as stress for an adult. Therefore, it?s
important to
2
understand the causes of stress in
teenagers.
When parents change their jobs or if
the family decides to move to a different place,
the child
has to change schools, find
new friends, adapt to the new social circle and
fit into new groups. It is
always
difficult for children to adapt to such changes,
which can be a serious cause of stress in
their life.
Academic
difficulties, such as inability to understand a
certain subject can cause stress. Not
every child has the ability to
understand every
subject.
Some kids need extra help besides school
work to grasp a few concepts. Poor
academic performance is often laughed at and is
looked down
upon by both teachers and
peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel
isolated, neglected and
hurt. All of
this, put together, can add to stress, which many
times worsens grades.
Extra
curricular
activities
(
课外活动
)
such
as
playing
a
sport,
or
attending
art
classes
can
weigh
heavily
on
your
child?s
mind.
Balancing
school and
extra
curricular activities
does
seem
like a
burden when you have to be outstanding at both.
When the pressures from both the ends get
unmanageable, teenagers tend to get
tired and annoyed. Tiredness sets in, leading to
stress related
issues such as lack of
concentration in school.
These are the
common causes of stress in teenagers, which can be
noticed through signs such
as
poor
memory,
anxiety,
negative
and
pessimistic
attitude.
If
the
signs
of
teenage
stress
go
unrecognized for a long time, it can
make the child emotionally out of balance. And
next step, if
this happens, it is
necessary for parents to know how to deal with
stress.
78. What does the passage
mainly talk about?
___________________________
___________________________.
79. Poor academic performance causes
stress for children because it tends
_______________
_________________________________.
80. How can parents know that their
teenagers are under stress?
They can know that if their children
__________________________________________
81. The common causes of stress in
teenagers introduced by the author are:
_________________________________________ and
extra curricular activities.
(Note:
Answer
the
questions
or
complete
the
statements
in
NO
MORE
THAN
THIRTEEN
WORDS
)
78. the cause of stress in teenagers.
79. to be laughed at and looked down
upon by both teachers and peers.
80.
show signs such as poor memory, anxiety, negative
and pessimistic attitude.
81. changing
school places
，
academic
difficulties.
金山
Section
C
However important we may
regard school life to be, there is no denying the
fact that children
spend more time at
home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great
influence of parents cannot
be ignored
or discounted by the teacher. They can become
strong allies of the school personnel or
they can consciously or unconsciously
hinder and frustrate curricular objectives.
Administrators have been aware of the
need to keep parents informed of the newer methods
used
in
schools.
Many
principles
have
conducted
workshops
explaining
such
matters
as
the
reading
readiness
program,
manuscript
writing
and
developmental
mathematics.
Moreover,
the
classroom
teacher,
with
the
permission
of
the
supervisors,
can
also
play
an
important
role
in
enlightening parents. The informal tea
and the many interviews carried on during the
year, as well
3
as
new
ways
of
reporting
pupils
?
progress,
can
significantly
aid
in
achieving
a
harmonious
interplay between
school and home.
To illustrate, suppose
that a father has been drilling Junior in
arithmetic processes night after
night.
In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the
parent sublimate (
升华
) his
natural paternal
interest into
productive channels. He might be persuaded to let
Junior participate in discussing the
family
budget,
buying
the
food,
using
a
standard
or
measuring
cup
at
home,
setting
the
clock,
calculating mileage on a trip and
engaging in scores of other activities that have a
mathematical
basis.
If the
father follows the advice, it is reasonable to
assume that he will soon realize his son is
making satisfactory progress in
mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the
work. Too often,
however,
teachers
?
conferences
with
parents
are
devoted
to
petty
(
不重要的
)
accounts
of
children
?
s
misdeeds, complaints about laziness and poor work
habits, and suggestion for penalties
and rewards at home.
What is
needed is a more creative approach in which the
teacher, as a professional adviser,
plants ideas in
parents
?
minds for the best
utilization of the many hours that the child
spends out of
the classroom.
In
this
way,
the
school
and
the
home
join
forces
in
fostering
the
fullest
development
of
youngsters
?
capacities.
(Note: Answer the
questions or complete the statements with
NO MORE THAN 14 WORDS
)
78. Why do parents also have great
influence on children?
________________
__________________________________________________
___________
79. Through which ways can
the teacher play an important role in enlightening
parents?
______________________________
_______________________________________________
80. According to the teacher, that
parent should let the boy
_____________________________ if
he
wants to sublimate his natural paternal interest
into productive channels in teaching his son
arithmetic.
81. A more
creative approach is needed for
_____________________of children out of classroom.
78. Because their children spend more
time with them than with the teacher.
79. Through informal tea, interviews
and reporting pupil
?
s
progress.
80. engage in activities that
have a mathematical basis
81. the best
utilization of the many hours
闵行
Businesses
are
witnessing
a
difficult
time,
which
has
in
turn
produced
influence
on
consumers?
desire
to
go
green.
However,
shoppers
are
still
layin
g
stress
on
environmental
concerns.
Two thirds of
customers say that environmental considerations
inform their purchases to the
same
degree as they did a year ago, while more than a
quarter say that they are now even better
aware of the environmental effect on
what they buy.
This
may
help
to
influence
how
shops
store
goods
on
their
shelves.
And
the
companies
should still make
efforts to become more environmentally friendly.
Two out of three people think
4
it
is
important
to
buy
from
environmentally
responsible
companies,
with
about
one
in
seven
saying
that
they
had
even
decided
to
take
their
custom
elsewhere
if
they
felt
a
company?s
environmental reputation was not good
enough.
Harry
Morrison,
chief
executive
of
the
Carbon
Trust,
sympathizes
：
“I
understand
this
situation where survival is very
important now. But from environmental
considerations, the clock
is
ticking
—we
don?t
have
much
time.
In
addition,
cutting
carbon
emission
(
排放
)
has
an
immediate
effect as costs drop and a medium-
term
benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra
motivation to look at reducing their carbon
footprint, as new
rules next year will
require businesses to buy carbon allowances to
make up for their emissions.
Those that
have taken early action will have a head start.
More than two thirds of consumers are
not clear about which companies are
environmentally responsible. This suggests that
firms that are
able to convey clearly
their message to the public will be in a pole
position to attract shoppers.
The
Carbon
Trust
believes
that
it
can
help
by
informing
customers
about
the
good
work
companies are doing.
“When companies are granted the standard, they can
use a logo in all their
marketing,
which makes it clear that they are working towards
cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison
said.
(
Note
: Answer the
questions or complete the statements in
NO MORE THAN 12
WORDS
.
)
78.
According to the passage, what is
likely to influence shops on what to sell?
79.
A company may lose its
regular customers unless ______________________.
80.
According to Harry
Morrison, businesses will benefit from
__________________.
81.
According to the last two paragraphs,
companies can gain advantages by ____________.
78.
Customers?
environmental concerns / Customers? awareness of
environmental considerations
and
effects
79.
it is
environmentally responsible / it enjoys
environmental reputation
80.
cutting carbon emission
81.
informing
customers about what they are doing towards
cutting emissions / taking actions to
cut emission and informing customers
about it
普陀区
Section C
Directions:
Read the passage carefully.
Then answer the questions
or complete the statements
in the
fewest possible words.
Being
a
social
butterfly
just
might
change
your
brain:
In
people
with
a
large
network
of
friends
and
excellent
social
skills,
certain
brain
regions
are
bigger
and
better
connected
than
in
people with fewer friends, a new study
finds.
The
research
suggests
a
connection
between
social
interactions
and
brain
structure.
“We're
interested
in
how
your
brain
is
able
to
allow
you
to
find
the
right
way
in
complex
social
environments,” MaryAnn
Noonan
said, a
neuroscientist
(
神经学家
) at Oxford University.
Studies
in
monkeys
have
shown
that
brain
areas
involved
in
face
processing
and
in
predicting
the
5