-
非谓语动词的用法总结
李靖
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、
分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓
语。
但都具有动词的某些特点，
可以有自己的宾语或状语，
构成非谓
语动词短语。
不定式表目的，
表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；
过去分词表被动，表完成。
一．作主语
(
动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加
being,
动名词做主语谓语动词用单数
)
1<
/p>
）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的
经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：
Playing
with fire is
dangerous.
玩火危险。（泛指玩火）
To play with
fire will be
dangerous.
玩火会发生危险。
2
）用动名词做主语的句型
:
It’s no use/no
good
/pleasure doing sth
做
.......
没有用处
/
< br>好处
/
乐趣
It’s a waste of time doing sth
做
....
浪费时间
It is worth
doing sth
值得做某事
It is no use
crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收
It is worth
making an appointment before you go.
去之前预约一下是值得的。
3
）不定式做主语的句型
.
It is + adj +for sb to do sth.
比较：表示人的品质时只能用
of sb
如
considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid
/rude/cruel
/wise/clever/brave/selfish/
crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong
等单词出现
时。
It is silly of you to say so.
It is important for us to learn English
well.
It is a must/ a necessity for us
to have a good command of the English language.
4)
“
Wh-
+ to
不定式”可做主语。
如：
When to leave
hasn
’
t been decided
yet.
什么时候动身还没定呢。
Whether to drive or take the
train
is still a
problem.
是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。
5
）
一般情
况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如：
Seeing is believing.= To
see is to believe
眼见为实。
.
Planting
flowers needs constant watering.
但
and
连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的
语义一致，
谓语一般用单数）
。如：
L
ying and stealing are immoral.
说谎与盗窃是不道德的。
6)
动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。
如：
----- What made him angry?
------
Mary’s /My/His/Her
/
Their/ The boy’s/ The
president’s being late
（
made
him angry.
7
）过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必
须加上
being
，构成动名词，做主语。如：
Being exposed to the sun
is harmful to the skin
.
Being examined
twice a year ,
whether it is a car, a
bus or a truck, is the rule that every
driver must obey in this
city
.
经典练习：
1
1.
It
’
s important
for the figures_________ (update) regularly.
2.
No matter how
bright a talker you are, there are times when
it
’
s better ______(remain)
silent.
3.
It
’
s really
stupid of you _______
（
tell<
/p>
）
him the news yesterday so it
has been disturbing
him all the time.
4.
___________(understand)your own needs
and styles of communication is as important as
learning to convey your affection and
emotions.
5.
__________(worry) about your grades
doesn
’
t
help
.
6.
The engine
just won
’
t start. Something
seems _____ (go) wrong with it.
参考答案：
1. to update
2. to remain
3. to have told
4. understanding 5. worrying go
改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误
1. It
’
s standard
practice for a company like this one employ a
security officer.
2. Hear how others
react to the book you have just read creates an
added pleasure.
3. Know basic first-aid
techniques will help you respond quickly to
emergencies.
4. Do well in an interview
will be an important part of getting a place at
university.
told us whether have a
picnic was still under discussion.
prevent them from swimming in this river is a
problem.
参考答案：
1.
在
employ
前加
to
2. Hear
改为
Hearing
3. Know
改为
Knowing
4. Do
改为
Doing
5.
have
前加
to
6. prevent
前加
to.
二
.
作定语
1
）
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词
，
或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、
工具等
，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如：
The Browns have
a comfortable house
to live in
2)
用不定式作定语的几种情况：
a.
不定式表将来如：
The car to be bought
is for his sister.
b.
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或
no, all,
any
，
the only
等限定的
中心词，且与中心词为逻辑
上的主动关系
,
如：
He was
the best
man
to do the job.
She
was
the first woman
to win
the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
c.
有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做
定语，常见的有：
promise, plan,
attempt, offer, decision, refusal,
failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety,
eagerness,
willingness,
readiness
等
I
don
’
t trust his promise to
come for a visit.
He said he had
no plan to go there.
He made an
attempt to stand up.
Birds
’
singing is
sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.
3)
前置定语：
V+ing
可以表示正在进行，
也可以表示特征；
过去分
词表示已经完成或状态请
区别下面短语
：
the boiling/ boiled water.
正沸腾的水
(
表正在进行
)/
白开水（表完成）
a good-
looking flower.
一朵好看的花儿（表特征）
the developing countries/
the developed countries
发展中
国家
/
发达国家
2
the falling leaves / the fallen leaves<
/p>
正在下落的叶子
/
落叶
< br>
the remaining money/ the money left
剩下的钱
注意：
英语中有些表示感觉的动词，
其现在分词形式表示“令人感到?
..
的”
，过去分词形式
表示“感到?
.
的
”如：
an exciting
voice
一个令人兴奋的声音
an excited
voice
一个兴奋的声音
a puzzling expression
一个令人困惑的表情
a
puzzled expression
一个困惑的表情
4
）区别下列后置定语的用法：
to be done
表示被动、将来；
done
表示被动、完成；
being
done
表示被动、正在进行；
v+ing
表示主动；
动词的系表结构直接去掉动词
be;
如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词
sound/taste/
feel/ smell/ look
和变化系动词就只有用
V+ing
形式。
Have you read the novel
written
by Dickens?
Listen! The song
being sung
is very popular with students.
The question
to
be discussed
at
tomorrow
’
s
meeting is a very important one.
The food
tasting
delicious
sells well.
注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的；
having dong
或者
having
been done
一
般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过
去分词本身就表被动和完成。
请完成下面的练习
are
many people ______ (wait) outside the hall.
are many problems ______ ( remain) to
be solved.
flowers _______ (smell)
sweet attract a lot of people.
are
many people _______ (invite) to the party.
film, ______ (set) in the
19
th
century, won the medal.
meeting_________(hold) now is of great
importance.
meeting_________(hold)
yesterday was of great importance.
meeting ________ (hold) tomorrow is of great
importance.
is always the first_______
(come) and the last _______ (leave)
.
is the only person ________(know) the
truth.
was the best ______ (do) the
job.
13. A great number of students
_________(question) said they were forced to
practice the piano.
14. John has really
got the job because he showed me the official
letter _____(offer) it to him.
15.
After completing and signing it, please return the
form to us in the envelope ______ (provide)
16. Birds
’
singing
is sometimes a warning to other birds ______(stay)
away.
17. The room is empty except for
a bookshelf_____
（
stand
）
in one corner.
18.
Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she
got home, there was a pile of
mail______(wait) for her.
19. They might just have a place _____
(leave) on the writing
course
—
why
don
’
t you give it a try?
20. In some languages, 100 words make
up half of all words ____(use) in daily
conversations.
3
21. Volunteering gives you
a chance _______ (change) lives, including your
own.
参考答案：
g
ing3. smelling d 5. set
held
8. to be held
9. to come
10.
to leave
know
do 13. questioned
14. offering
15.
provided
16. to
stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left
20. used
21. to leave
22.
to
change
三
.
作表语
(
不定式
/
动名词
/
过去分词
都可以做表语
)
1.
动名词作表语表
示抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体
的动作，尤其是
某一次的动作
例如：比较下列区别
His favorite sport is
swimming. (
泛指游泳
)
Your task today is to wash the curtains
.
(
指一次具体的工作
)
2
.e
xcited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/i
nterested/puzzled/tired
感到?
exciting/disappointing/frightening/plea
sing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiring
令人?
.
He is moved by the
moving movie.
The film is moving.
It
is a pleasant trip.
（
pleasant
做前置定语）
The trip
is pleasing.
（
pleasing
做
表语）
3.
注意下列表达方式：
My
bag is missing/ lost/ gone.
I find my bag
missing/lost/gone.
4.
remain
的表语
1) remain to be done
仍需去做
/
有待于?
One problem
remians to be
solved.
It remians to be
seen
whether the operation was
successful.
2) remain
做“仍然是”讲
时，可用名词，
adj
，介词，现在分词或者过去分词作表语<
/p>
He
remained
stuck (
滞留
)
abroad
Peter became a manager, but
Jack
remained a worker.
Whatever achievements you’ve made, you
should
remain modest.
无论你取得多么大的成就，
你都该保持谦虚。
He had to
remain in
hospital
until he was better.
他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。
This solid
stone
，
square tower had
remained standing
for one
thousand years.
The
guests came in, but she
remained
sitting/seated
at the desk reading.
客人们都来了，但她还
坐在写字台旁读书。
As before, he
remained unmoved
.
他和以往一样无动于衷。
注意：
1
）
用作不及物动词，意思是
“
剩下；剩余；遗留
”
，此
时不能用进行时态，也没有被
动语态。
After the fire, very little
remained of his house.
火灾过后，他的家所剩无几。
2)<
/p>
remaining
是形容词
,
意为
“
剩余的
”
,
常作前置定语；而
left
则只能作后置定语。
例如：
There are still some apples left.
还剩余一些苹果。
I bought a gift for her with the
remaining money
.
我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。
3)
remain
作名词时表示
“
剩余物
”,
一般
用其复数形式。
例如：
The
archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynas
ty
.
考古学家发现了一些宋
代遗迹。
5
.
1)
主语
+
seem +(to be
)+
表语，表语多为名词或形容词
4
Tom seems (to
be ) a very clever boy.
汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。
The man over there seems to be a new
teacher.
那边的那个人看上去像一个新老
2)
主语
+ seem
to do sth
be
doing sth
have done sth
Mrs.
Green
doesn’t seem (
或
seems not )
to like the idea.
格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。
The children seemed to be eating
something in the room.
孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。
The young man seemed to have changed
much.
这个年轻人看起来变化很大。
6.
当不定式用作表语时，其中的
to
原则上是不能省略的。如：
His
aim is to do two years’ work in one.
他的目标是一年干两年的工作。
但有
一种例外，
那就是当主语部分有动词
do
的某种形式时，
用作表语的不定式可以省略
to
。
如：
What you
first do is (to) mix the egg with flour.
你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。
All
I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke.
我只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了
经典练习
1. My worry
is your _______ (rely) too much on your parents.
2. Please remain ______ (seat); the
winner of the prize will be announced soon.
3.
For those with family members far away, the
personal computer and the phone are important in
staying________( connect)
答案：
g
ted
四
.
作宾语
(
不定式和动名词都可以作宾语
)
1.
只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语
考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像
避免、继续练，否认完成停感谢
不禁止介意准逃亡
consider
（考虑）
;advise/suggest/propose/
recommend(
建议
); excuse/pardon
(
原谅
)
；
a
dmit/acknowledge(
承认
)
< br>；
delay/postpone/put
off(
推迟
); imagine/fancy(
想像
)
；
avoid
（避免）；
practise
（练习）
;deny(
否认
);finish(
完成
);
appreciate/acknowledge(
感谢
);
forbid (
禁止
);
mind(
介
意
); escape(
逃脱
)
；
此外，
这些动词也跟动名词：
miss
（错过）
；
enjoy
（享受）
；
risk (<
/p>
冒险
)
；
tol
erate/bear/stand/put
up with(
容忍
)
；
quit
< br>（
停止）
advocate
（提
倡）
；
resist
（抵制）
understand
（理解）
；
allow/permit(
允
许
)
短语：
feel like doing
sth
（喜欢做某事
; give up doing
(
放弃做某事
); keep
doing(
不停的做某事
); be busy
doing sth;
can’t
help
doing
sth
（情不自禁）
; be worth doing
sth (
值得做某事
)
；
have
difficulty/trouble doing sth(
做
...
有困难
/
麻烦
); have a hard/good time doing
sth
做
....
很开心
/
不开心
; have fun doing
sth
做
....
很开心
succeed in
doing sth
成功做某事
句型：
It is no
use/good /pleasure doing sth
做
.......
没有用处
/
好处
/
乐趣
There is no point in doing sth= There
is no need to do sth
没必要做某事
It
’
s a waste of
time doing sth
做
....
浪费时间
5
It is
worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be
done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing
sth
值得做某事
2.
只能用不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
decide/determine, learn, want,
expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend,
offer, promise,
choose, plan, agree,
ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait,
threaten
口诀之外的单词
)
She pretended not to see me when I
passed by.
We agreed to meet here but
so far she hasn
’
t turned up
yet.
3.
forget
，
go on
，
mean
，
regret
，
remember
，
stop
，
try
等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式
作宾
语，但意义上有区别。
forget to do sth _________________
forget doing sth ______________________
go on to do sth __________________go on
doing sth ______________________
mean
to do sth____________________ mean doing
sth___________________
regret to say/te
ll/inform/announce________________________________
__
regret doing sth/having
done________________________________________
remember to do sth_________________
remember doing sth________________
stop
to do sth______________________ stop doing
sth____________________
try to do
sth______________________ try doing
sth_________________________
can
’
t help (to)
do sth __________________
can
’
t help doing sth
__________________
can
’
t help but do
sth =can
’
t but do sth
___________________
sb used to do sth
___________________ sb be used to doing sth
____________________
sth be used to do
sth ________________________
be afraid
to do sth
不敢做某事
be afraid of doing
sth
担心发生某事
be sure
to do sth
一定会
.....be sure of
doing sth
确信会
.....
Let’s go on studying Lesson 6.
（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）
Let’s go on to study Lesson 6.
（让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）
I remember doing the exercise.
（我记得做过练习。）
I must
remember to do it.
（我必须记着做这事。）
I
tried not to go there.
（我设法不去那里。）
I
tried doing it again.
（我试着又干了一次。）
Stop
speaking.
（不要讲话。）
He stopped to talk.
（他停下来讲话。）
I mean
to come early today.
（我打算今天早些来。）
Missing the train means waiting for
another
hour.
（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）
4.
在
allow
，
advise
，
forbid
，
permit
等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，
如果后面有名词或代词作
宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：
allow
/advise/forbid/permit sb to do sth
allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth
We don’t allow smoking
here.
We don’t allow
students to smoke.
6
动词
n
eed
，
require
，
want
作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式
作
宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
be worth
后必须用动名词的主动
形式来表示被动意义。
Sth
need/ want/require doing / to be done
…
需要
…
.
Sth be worth
doing
…
值得
…
.
deserve to be done/ doing
…<
/p>
..
值得
…
.<
/p>
The window
needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
Her method is worth trying.
These proposals deserve
considering/ to be considered.
这些建议应该被考虑。
5.
to
为介词的短语
devote oneself/
one
’
s time to (
把<
/p>
...
贡献给
...)
< br>；
look forward to (
期望
)
；
pay attention to
(
注意
)
；
attach
importance to
(
重视
)
；
be used/accustomed to (
习惯于做某
事
)
；
when it comes
to (
当谈到做某事
) get
down to(
着手
)
；
prefer doing sth to doing sth
（喜欢
...
而不喜欢
; turn to doing sth(
转向
)
；
thanks to
(
多
亏
); lead to (
导致
)
；
the
key to doing sth
(
做某事的关键
)
；
object
to/be opposed to (
反对
)
；
contribute
to (
< br>有助于
)
；
be
addicted to doing sth (
沉湎于；
对
...
上瘾
)
；
make contributions to (
对
...
做出贡献
)
；
due
to
（由于）；
apply oneself to
(
致力于
)
；
stick
to
（坚持）；
come close to
（接近于）
等后的
动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：<
/p>
I look forward to hearing
from you soon.
6.
不定式做动词（词组）
tell,
show,
understand,
explain,
teach,
learn,
advise,
discuss,
ask,
decide,
wonder,
find
out
等的宾语时，前面常常带引导词
how,
what,
whether,
where,
when, who
等
，但是
why
后加不带
to
的不定式。
He showed us how to do the work= He
showed us how we should do the work.
I don’t
know what to do
= I don’t
know what I should do.
We must decide
whether to stay or go=
We must decide
whether we’ll stay or go.
Can you tell me
why do it?
7.
在
lov
e
，
hate
，
prefer
，
like
等动词后用
动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，
指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时
指某一具体行为。
I love swimming.
I love to swim
today.
8.
start
，
begin
，
co
ntinue
在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
It started to snow.
He is beginning to cook dinner. I began
to understand what he meant.
典型例题
1. David
threatened _____(report) his neighbor to the
police if the damages were not paid.
2.
He chose _______(keep) silent when asked why.
3. He volunteered _________(help) the
victims in the earthquake.
4. Whenever
you are in trouble, don’t hesitate _______(ask) me
for help.
5. As a result of
the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in
the area need ______(repair).
6.
—
Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke)
here.
7. I hear they’ve
promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention
______(promote) when we talked on the
phone.
8. Bill suggested
_______(hold) a meeting on what to do for the
Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
9. I
really appreciate _______(have) time to holiday
with you on this nice island.
7
10. I can
hardly imagine her _______(marry) such a men as
Lee.
11. It’s quite hot today. Do you
feel like ______
__(go) for a swim?
12. The film star wears sunglass.
Therefore, he can go shopping without
______(recognize).
13.
—They
are quiet, aren’t they?
—
Yes, they are accustomed to
not talk at meals.
14. How can I afford
to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a
month.
15. Would you mind turn down
your radio a little, please?
16. The
squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.
17. He practiced playing the piano
every morning.
18. He risked losing his
life in order to save the drowning girl.
19. He was considering changed his
mind.
20. He was considered to be very
rich.
21. Don’t worry. We can manage to
help you out.
22. I was
advised to quit the job and try a new one.
23. We’ve had a good start, but next,
more work needs to be done to achieve the final
su
ccess.
24. One learns a
language by making mistakes and correct them.
25. China recently tightened its waters
controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent
Chinese fishing boats
from attacked in
the South China Sea.
26. Shortly after
suffering from a massive earthquake and having
reduced to ruins, the city took on a new
look.
27. When it comes to
speak in public, no one can match him.
28. Lydia doesn’t feel like study
abroad. Her parents are old.
29. I really regret _____ (inform) you
that you have failed to pass the exam.
30. He tried ______(persuade) her to
accept their incitation, but in vain.
31. She was afraid to step further in
grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a
snake.
32. I still remember taken to
the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
33. No one answered the front door, so
I tried knocking at the back door.
34.
I’m afraid I can’t help painting the house this
afternoon.
35. I couldn’t
choose but to accept his invitation.
36. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean hurt
you.
37. Now that we have
finished
Exercise I, let’s go on to do
Exercise
Ⅱ
.
38. I
couldn’t help but admiring him for his
courage.
39. Oh, my
goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is
there anything missing?
40. I forgot
paid already, so I went to my boss again.
41. The competitor never dreamed of
there __________ (be) a chance for him to win the
first prize in the
100 meter race.
42. Have you heard of my sister _______
(win) the contest?
43. The doctor does
not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.
44. She didn’t mind her
book
s taken away and used by other
students.
45. I insist on Mary go
there.
46. I knew nothing about the
window was open.
8