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货币银行学名词解释

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2021-02-08 17:50
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2021年2月8日发(作者:536)



货币银行学


2012


级期末考试题型(彭方平)




名词解 释


20



5




选择题


40



20


题小计算


简答题


2



20

< br>分



案例分析


1


大题


2



20






名词解释重点:



1.



Adverse selection VS Moral hazard


?



Adverse


Selection:


the


problem


created


by


asymmetric


information


before


the


transaction


occurs. In financial market it occurs when the potential borrowers who are the most likely to


produce the bad credit risks are the ones who most actively seek out a loan and are thus most


likely to be selected. Because of adverse selection, loans are more likely made to bad credit


risks. So lenders may rather not make a loan even though there are good credit risks.


?



Moral hazard: the problem created by asymmetric information before the transaction occurs.


In financial market it’s the hazard that


the borrower might engage in immoral activities that


make the loan less likely to be paid back. Because of the moral hazard, lenders may rather


not make a loan.



2.



Capital market VS Money market


?



Capital market: the market where long-term debt and equity instruments are traded.


?



Money market: the market where short- term debt instruments are traded.


3.



Eurobond VS Foreign bonds


?



Eurobond: a bond denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which it is sold.


?



Foreign bonds: sold in a foreign country and


denominated in that country’s currency.




4.



Eurocurrencies VS Eurodollars


?



Eurocurrencies:


存放在货币发行国境外的各国货币


?



Eurodollars: U.S. dollars deposited in banks outside the United States.


5.



Primary market & Secondary market & OTC market


?



Primary


market:


筹集资金的公司或政府机构将新发行的股票和 债券等证券销售给最初


购买者的金融市场。





?



Secondary market:


对已发行的证券进行买卖、转让、流通的市场。



?



OTC market:


场外交易市场。在交易所外由证券买卖双方当面议价成交的市场,它



没有固定场所。



6.



YTM & Current yield & Yield on a discount basis


?



到期收益率。使债务工具所有未来 回报的现值与今天的价值相等的利率。



?



当期收益率:


an


approximation


of


the


yield


to


maturity.


Defined


as


the


yearly


coupon


payment divided by the price of the security.


?



贴现基础上的收益率:




7.



Expectations theory & Segmented theory & Liquidity premium theory


?



期望理论:长期债 券利率等于该长期债券期限中各个预期短期债券利率的平均。



?



市场分割理论:

< br>长期债券和短期债券是在不同的相互分割的市场上交易的,


不同期限的

< p>
债券之间完全不能替代。



?



流动性溢价理论:


长期债券利率等于该长期债券期限中各个预期短期债券利率的平均与


流动性溢价 之和。



8.



Sterilized foreign exchange intervention & unsterilized foreign exchange intervention


?



冲销性外汇干预:


a foreign exchange intervention with an offsetting open market operation


that leaves the monetary base unchanged.


?



非冲销性外汇干预:


a foreign exchange intervention that has an effect on the monetary base.



Discount bonds:


bought at a price below its face value.


Fisher effect


: when expected inflation rises, interest rates will rise.


Yield curve


: a plot of yields with differing terms to maturity but the same risk, liquidity and tax


considerations.


Off-balance- sheet


activities


:


商业银行从事的不列入资产负债表内但能影响当期损益的经营


活动。

< br>


Float


: temporary net increase in the total amount of reserves in the banking system occurring from


the Fed’s check


-clearing process.


High-powered money


: the monetary base. MB = C + R


Money


multiplier


:


a


ration


relating


the


change


in


the


money


supply


to


a


given


change


in


the




monetary base.


Federal


funds


rate


:


联邦基金利率。


the


interest


rate


on


overnight


loans


of


reserves


from


one


bank to another.


Exchange rate overshooting


:


利率超调。当货币供给增加时,汇率下降幅度短期内比长期的


大 。





名词 解释


(


中文


)




2





逆向选择





adverse selection




因为交易前的 信息不对称所导致的问题。


金融市场上的逆向选择指,


那些最有 可能造成不利


后果即造成信贷风险的借款人,


常常就是那些寻找 贷款最积极,


而且是最可能得到贷款的人。




道德风险:



moral hazard




信息不对称在交易后 产生的影响引起的问题。


金融市场上的道德风险指,


借款人可能 将资金


用于某些其他的投资,


而从贷款人的角度来看这些投资可 能是不合理的,


因为会加大还款的


风险。




欧洲债券:


< br>eurobond




不是以发行所在国的货币标价的债券。



ex


:伦敦发行的美元标价债券。




欧洲货币





eurocurrency




指在某种货币发行国境外的银行体系所创造的该种货币存款。




欧洲美元:



eurodollar




美国境外的外国银行或者美国银行的外国分支机构的美元存款。




货币市场





交易短期债务工具(通常期限在一年以下)的金融市场。




资本市场





交易长期债务工具(通常期限在一年以上)的金融市场。




一级市场:



借入资金的企业或政府向最初购买者出售新发行的有价证券(如债券和股票)的金融市场。



二级市场





交易过去已发行的(即二手的)有价证券的金融市场。




交易所:



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