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全新版大学英语综合教程
4
课后习题答案
Unit 1
I. Vocabulary
1.
1) alliance
2)
at the cost
of
3) stroke
4)
limp
5) minus
6)
regions
7) declarations
8) siege
9) raw
10)
bide his time
11) have taken their toll
12) in the case
of
！
2.
1) is faced with
2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on
4) drag on
5) get by
6) dine out
7) have cut back
8) get
through
3.
1)
The rapid advance in gene therapy may
lead to the conquest of cancer in the near
future.
2)
Production in many factories has been
brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw
materials
due to the dock
workers
’
strike.
3)
Sara
has
made
up
her
mind
that
her
leisure
interests
will/should
never
get
in
the
way
of
her
career.
4)
<
5)
Obviously the
reporter's question caught the foreign minister
off
guard.
6)
The
introduction of the electronic calculator has
rendered the slide rule out of date.
4.
1)
Being faced
with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had
to give up the occupation of big
cities
and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions
to build up our bases.
2)
Unity is
crucial to the efficient operation of an
organization. Failure to reckon with this problem
will weaken its strength. In many
cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant
internal struggle
in an
organization.
3)
The Red Army fought a heroic battle at
Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against
the
fact,
this
battle turned the tide in the Second World War.
During this famous battle, the Soviet troops
withstood the German siege and weakened
the German army by launching a series of
counterattacks.
II. More Synonyms in Context
1)
During the First World
War, battles occurred here and there over vast
areas. Some of the
most dramatic
fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of
France and Belgium.
$$
2)
Elizabeth made careful preparations for
the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3)
I spent hours
trying to talk him into accepting the settlement,
but he turned a deaf ear to all
my
words.
4)
Pneumonia had
severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her
fragile body could
withstand the harsh
weather.
III.
Usage
1)
But
often it is not until we fall ill that we finally
learn to appreciate good health.
2)
A rich old lady lay dead
at home for two weeks
—
and
nobody knew anything about it.
3)
It's said he dropped dead
from a heart attack when he was at
work.
4)
Don't
sit too close to the fire to keep
warm
—
you could easily get
burned, especially if you fall
asleep.
5)
In those days people believed in
marrying young and having children
early.
6)
、
7)
Little Tom was
unable to sit still for longer than a few
minutes.
Structure
1.
1)
To his great delight, Dr. Deng
discovered two genes in wild rice that can
increase the yield by
30
percent.
2)
To her great relief, her daughter had
left the building before it collapsed.
3)
To our
disappointment, our women's team lost out to the
North Koreans.
4)
We think, much to our
regret, that we will not be able to visit you
during the coming Christmas.
2.
1)
>
2)
These birds nest in the vast swamps
(which lie to the) east of the Nile.
3)
By 1948, the
People's Liberation Army had gained control of the
vast areas north of the Yangtze
River.
4)
Michelle was born in a small village in
the north of France, but came to live in the
United
States at the age of
four.
4)
The Columbia River rises in western
Canada and continues/runs through the United
States for
about 1,900
kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.
Comprehensive
Exercises
I.
Cloze
(A)
1. invasion
3.
Conquest
5.
launching
7.
campaign
9. reckon with
&
2.
…
4.
6.
8.
10.
stand in the way
catching... off his guard
declaration
drag
on
bringing...to a
halt
1.
allow
3. highly
5. rapidly
7.
delivery
》
2..reckoned
II. Translation
1)
Mr. Doherty and his family are
currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in
on the farm.
2)
We must not underestimate
the enemy. They are equipped with the most
sophisticated
weapons.
3)
Having been cut of a job/Not having had
a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly
desperate.
4)
Sam, as the project manager, is
decisive, efficient, and accurate in his
judgment.
5)
Since the chemical plant
was identified as the source of solution, the
village neighborhood
committee decided
to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.
'
The offensive
had already lasted three days, but we had not
gained much ground. Our troops
engaging
the enemy at the front were faced with
strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division
commander instructed our battalion to
get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a
surprise
attack. To do so, however, we
had to cross a marshland and many of us were
afraid we might get
bogged down in the
mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a
gamble. We started under
cover of
darkness and pressed on in spite of great
difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature
at night suddenly dropped to minus 20
degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks
to the
cold weather, we arrived at our
destination before dawn and began attacking the
enemy from the
rear. This turned the
tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard,
soon surrendered.
Unit 2
I. Vocabulary
1.
2. automated
3.
vapor
4. take control
of
5. hazards
6. satellite
9. bunched
10. in the air
11. got stuck in
.
2.
1. send out
2. stand up for
3.
pass for
4. were closing in
on
5.
starting up
6. went through
7. fill out
8. fall into
3.
1) the
application, remote, has turned into a reality,
are poised to
2) that
vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a,
hazard
II.
Word formation
%
Medical
care
Electronic
mail
Communications
satellite
News
broadcast
Sky
hijack
European
dollar
Breakfast and
lunch
Television
broadcast
Oxford and
Cambridge
Kilogram
Memorandum
Gymnasium
Liberation
Doctor
Veterinarian
Preparatory
Automobile
influenza
、
III.
Usage
1) swimming
pool
2 ) drawing
board
3 ) enriched Middle
English
4 ) disturbing
change
5 ) fully developed
prototype
6 ) Canned
foods
7 ) working
population
8 ) puzzling
differences
，
Comprehensive Exercises
I.
Cloze
1) computerized
2)
start up
3) be poised to
4)
alert
5) hazards
6) monotonous 7) take control of
8) steer
9) lane
10) decrease
11) calculate
12) eliminate
13) getting stuck in
14) mounted
15) detect
16) vapor
1) generates
2) related
3)
revolutionized
4) enabled
5) opportunities
6) overall
7)manufacturing
8) dependent
9) interact
10) fatalities
（
II.
Translation
1) There was an
unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound
of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some
African countries has been causing a significant
fall in
living standards and an
increase in social problems.
3) The research shows that atmospheric
carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with
global
temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has
been improved from 15 to 12 minute
recently.
5) The diver stood
on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at
the signal from the coach.
Automobiles
have, since their invention, revolutionized
transportation, changing forever the way
people live, travel, and do business.
On the other hand, they have brought hazards,
especially
highway fatalities. However,
today the application of computer technology and
electronic sensors
in designing and
manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate
most of traffic accidents. For
example,
electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect
alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to
start up the engine. They can also
monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals
sent out from
orbiting satellites and
greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in
traffic jams.
、
Unit
3
I. Vocabulary
1)
rude
2) physically
3)
structure
4) made a difference
5)
blurted (out)
6) chuckling
7) Measurable
8)
prospective
9)
preparations
10)
Sparkled
11)
took a crack at
12)
partner
1)
go after
2)
look back at/on
3) be put up
4) stood for
5)
build in
6) follow up
7) be hooked up to
8) closed up
1) grilled her about where
she had been all night
<
2) beyond
Cinderella
’
s wildest dreams
that she could one day dance in the
King
’
s palace
3) will be in readers' hands
soon
4) do your homework
before going on an interview.
5) was in the neighborhood of 150
dollars.
1
）
applicants,
veteran, the prospective
2
）
From his
standpoint, has made every endeavor to
goafter
3) as the saying
goes, to have a crack at, barely
1. Behave 2. used to avoid
repetition 3. clean
{
4. get along 5.
perform/complete 6. perform/complete
7. Study 8. be enough 9. be
acceptable
Structure
1.
There is so much to say and it is hard to know
where to ,I
’
ll talk about
myself first.
2. Thank you
very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas
card. By the way, I have something here
for you.
3. The
new computer language can be quite easily
understood by anyone who can read the daily ,
why is this an advantage
4. I
’
m going to
work out the outline and will let you know how it
the way, I will see you in
February, as I plan to attend your
seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK,
you got the , how to maximize your profits with as
little effort as possible
6.
Chris is back from , those pictures you sent me
are wonderful.
-
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(1)
Prospective (2)As I see it
(3) done your homework (4)
beforehand
(5) Endeavor (6)
structure
(7) Partners (8)
Respond
(9) take a crack
(10) from the standpoint
(11) make a difference (12) follow
up
|
(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant
(4) samples
(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing
(8) seriously
(9) probably
(10) exhibit
II. Translation
1) Despite thein adequate length of the
airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran
pilot
managed to stop the plane after
taxiing for only a short while.
2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie
star eventually blurted(out) that she had
undergone two
plastic
surgeries.
3) We have the
technology and our partner has the
together, we
’
ll
have the future in our hands.
4) If I had known beforehand that you
would bring so many friends home, I would have
made
better preparations. You see, I
have barely enough food and drinks for a
snack.
5) People gave generously upon learning
that new schoolrooms with stronger structures were
to be
built in the earthquake-stricken
area.
Well begun, half done,as the saying
goes. It is extremely important for a job
applicant to do his
homework while
seeking
my standpoint,
whether or not one has done his homework clearly
makes a difference in his chance of
success.
I have a friend who is earning
somewhere in the neighborhood of100,000 dollars a
years in a
large computer software
company. He told me that from his own experience
the decision makers
who interview
prospective employees like people who are well
prepared. Those who make no
endeavor to
learn as much about his prospective employer as
possible don
’
t have much of
a chance
of success.
Unit 4
I. Vocabulary
1)
advantageous
2)
let alone
3) witnessing/vanishing
4)
landmark
5) entitled
6) displace
&
7)
Establishment
8)
patriotic/strengthen
9)
contradictions
10) aspires
11) divorced
12) pendulums
1) come to
2)
dozed off
3) believed in
4) was set
apart
5) take in
6) sucks in
7) clean up
8)
turn away
1)
For me, it makes no/little difference
whether we go there by train or by bus.
2)
（
3)
Toyata has overtaken General Motors as
the world
’
s biggest car
maker.
4)
Shortly after their
marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife
over money matters.
5)
Henry has been at the forefront of
nanotechnology research.
6)
She doesn
’
t even
know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.
a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their
investment
b) economy/make
an earnest/domestic/strike a balance
between
c) a handful of/be
endorsed by/on a large scale
II.
Word
formation
WTO
GDP
ATM
VAT
CAD
IT
IDD
、
MTV
Radar
IOC
VIP
Laser
CPU
Radio
detecting and ranging
International Olympic
Committee
Very important person
Light amplification by stimulated
emission of
radiation
Central processing unit
激光
中央处理器
雷达
国际奥委会
贵宾，大人物
、
世界贸易组织
国内生产总值
自动出纳机
~
增值税
计算机辅助设计
信息技术
国际直拨电话
音乐电视
World Trade
Organization
Gross domestic
product
Automated teller
machine
Value-added
tax
Computer-aided
design
Information
technology
International
direct dialing
Music
television
III.
Usage
1) An unusual present,
a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his
birthday.
—
2) The reason(he gave) that he
didn
’
t notice the car till
too late was unsatisfactory.
3) Football, his only interest in life,
has brought him many friends.
4) Cloning had been raised as a
possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something
that serious
scientists
thought was simply not going to happen anytime
soon.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. academics
variety of
：
5.
vanish
7. endorsing
9.
sweeping aside
11. erasing
a balance
(B)
1. aided
~
7.
prevailing
9.
volume
4. connected
6.
features
8.
qualitatively
10.
Distinguishing
II.
Translation
1)
Due to his pessimistic outlook on the
European economy, John has moved his assets from
Europe to elsewhere.
2)
I like hiring
young people. They are earnest learners and
committed to work.
》
3)
Unlike her girl friends who center
their lives on their children, Mary cares more
about her
personal growth.
4)
Why is it
that a considerable number of colleagues are at
odds with you
5)
The Chinese government has introduced a
variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with
developing countries.
Globalization has great implications
for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are
moving
on a large scale to urban areas
to look for jobs. And for those young people who
aspire to study
abroad or work in
foreign-invested enterprises, English has become
increasingly important. At the
same
time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese
students have returned home in recent
years, for they hold an optimistic
outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese
economy. The
internet has strengthened
the links between Chinese young people and those
elsewhere. They
follow the latest trend
and copy foreign fashions. Some of them
don
’
t seem to care for
traditional
Chinese virtues, let alone
carry them forward, which has given rise to
worries that the traditional
Chinese
culture might one day vanish.
Unit 5
I. Vocabulary
1)
In a way
2) in accordance
3) vacancy
4) in good
condition
5) transparent
6)
rub
7) spicy
8) hitherto
)
9) with (a) bad
grace
10) instinct
11) pawned
12)
current
1)
turned up
2) will stick to
3) brought back
4)go
about
5) driving at
6) put away
7) over
8) took aback
1) has a very weak
constitution --- she may not be able to survive
the operation.
2) was taken
aback by the insurance
company
’
s rejection of my
compensation claim
3) was
something of a surprise when we ran into each
other in a place like that.
4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed
---it
’
s getting too
long.
5) are often
deceptive
1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled /
he had gone all to pieces
2)
definite / is capable of /her vanity
3) too mild / sipping /
stroke
II.
Usage
1. Except for
2. except that
3. except
4.
except when
5. except to
6. except what
7. except where
8. except
that
III.
/
vocabulary
AmE
apartment
can
candy
elevator
BrE
flat
tin
sweets
^
lift
spelling
AmE
favorable
paralyze
labor
meter
BrE
!
favourable
paralyse
labour
metre