-
Picture in your
mind all the dishes that go to make up your ideal
meal. Now take away all the dishes with meat in
them. Not much left
on the table? Then
Joseph Pace has a word or two to say to you in an
attempt to get you to change your eating habits.
-----------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
想像一下组成你理想美食的全部菜肴。再把含肉的菜肴全部拿走。桌上就所剩无几了吧？好，约瑟夫·派斯有几
句话要对你说，
想劝你改变饮食习惯。
Let's Go Veggie!
Joseph
Pace
1
If there was a single act that would improve your
health, cut your risk of food-borne illnesses,
and help preserve the environment and
the welfare of millions of animals, would you do
it?
-----------------------------------
---------------------------------------------
咱们吃素吧
!
约瑟夫·派斯
如果有一件事，
< br>既能增进健康、
减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，
又有助
于保护环境、
保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？
2 The act I'm
referring to is the choice you make every time you
sit down to a meal.
-------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------
我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。
3 More than a
million Canadians have already acted: They have
chosen to not eat meat. And the
pace of
change has been dramatic.
-------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------
一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉。变化速度之快令人惊叹。
4
Vegetarian
food
sales
are
showing
unparalleled
growth.
Especially
popular
are
meat-free
burgers and hot dogs, and the plant-
based cuisines of India, China, Mexico, Italy and
Japan.
--------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
素食品的销售额大大增加，
前所未有。
尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗，
以及以蔬为
主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。
5
Fuelling
the
shift
toward
vegetarianism
have
been
the
health
recommendations
of
medical
research.
Study
after
study
has
uncovered
the
same
basic
truth:
Plant
foods
lower
your
risk
of
chronic disease; animal foods increase
it.
-----------------------------------
---------------------------------------------
推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提
出的关于如何增进健康的建议。
一项又一项的研究
都揭示了同样
的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险。
6
The
American
Dietetic
Association
says:
data
suggest
positive
relationships
between a
vegetarian diet and reduced risk for several
chronic degenerative diseases.
---------
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------
美国饮食学协会指出，
“科学资料表明，素食与降低多种慢性变性疾
病的患病危险肯
定有关系。
”
7 This past
fall, after reviewing 4,500 studies on diet and
cancer, the World Cancer Research
Fund
flatly stated:
------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
------
去年秋
天，在检验了
4500
个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后，世界癌症
研究基金会直截
了当地指出：
“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维
持人类生理引擎的运转。
”
8 This
$$400
billion a year, according to Bruce Holub, a
professor of nutritional science at the University
of Guelph.
-----------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
据威尔
夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯·霍拉勃称，这一“不合适的养料”
致使加拿大每
年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达
4000
亿（加）
元。
9
Animal foods have serious nutritional drawbacks:
They are devoid of fiber, contain far too
much
saturated
fat
and
cholesterol,
and
may
even
carry
traces
of
hormones,
steroids
and
antibiotics. It makes
little difference whether you eat beef, pork,
chicken or fish.
----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------
肉类食
品存在严重的营养缺陷：
它们不含纤维，
含有过多的饱和脂肪和
胆固醇，
甚至
可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。牛肉、猪
肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。
10 Animal foods are also gaining
notoriety as breeding grounds for E. coli,
campylobacter and
other bacteria that
cause illness. According to the Canadian Food
Inspection Agency, six out of ten
chickens are infected with salmonella.
It's like playing
Russian
roulette with your health.
------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------------
肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、
弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌
的孳生地。
据加
拿大食品检验机构称，
十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。
吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌，
拿你的
健康
做赌资。
11 So why aren't
governments doing anything about this?
Unfortunately, they have bowed to
pressure
from
powerful
lobby
groups
such
as
the
Beef
Information
Center,
the
Canadian
Egg
Marketing Agency and the Dairy Farmers
of Canada. According to documents retrieved
through
the Freedom of Information Act,
these groups forced changes to Canada's latest
food guide before
it was released in
1993.
---------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
既然如此，
政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾，
政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团
的压力，如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、
加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。
根据信息自由
法案获得的有关文件记载，这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在
1993
年公布前作出修改。
12 This should
come as no surprise: Even a minor reduction in
recommended intakes of animal
protein
could cost these industries billions of dollars a
year.
---------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
这并不奇怪。
即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数
十亿元的损失
。
13
While
health
and
food
safety
are
compelling
reasons
for
choosing
a
vegetarian
lifestyle,
there
are
also
larger
issues
to
consider.
Animal-based
agriculture
is
one
of
the
most
environmentally
destructive industries on the face of the Earth. <
/p>
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方
式令人信服的理由，
但此外还有更为重大的因素要
考虑。以饲养
动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。
14
Think
for
a
moment
about
the
vast
resources
required
to
raise,
feed,
shelter,
transport,
process
and
package
the
500
million
Canadian
farm
animals
slaughtered
each
year.
Water
and
energy are used at every step of the
way. Alberta Agriculture calculates that it takes
10 to 20 times
more energy to produce
meat than to produce grain.
-----------
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------
想一想培育、
饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的
5
亿头牲畜所需
的巨大资源。
其中的每一个环节都耗费水和能源。
阿尔伯达农业署估计，
生产肉耗费的能源
比生产谷物多
10
－
20
倍。
15 Less than a
quarter of our agricultural land is used to feed
people directly. The rest is devoted
to
grazing and growing food for animals. Ecosystems
of forest, wetland and grassland have been
decimated to fuel the demand for land.
Using so much land heightens topsoil loss, the use
of harsh
fertilizers and pesticides,
and the need for irrigation water from dammed
rivers. If people can shift
away from
meat, much of this land could be converted back to
wilderness.
---------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
---
用于直
接为人们提供食物的土地还不到农业用地的四分之一。
其余的都用来放牧和种
饲料。
森林、湿地和草原的生态系统遭受相当严重的破坏，以满足对土地的
需求。
土地的大
量利用加剧了表土的流失，
增加了会带来负面作用的化肥和杀虫剂的施用，
增加了从筑有水
坝的河流中引水灌溉的需求。如果人们能摒弃肉食，许多土地就能回复到未开垦状态。
16 The
problem is that animals are inefficient at
converting plants to edible flesh. It takes, for
example, 8.4 kilograms of grain to
produce one kilogram of pork, the U. S. government
estimates.
----------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--
问题在于，
动物在把植物转化为可食用的肉类这方面的效率很低。
举例来说，
美国政
府估测，生产
1
公斤猪肉需
要耗费
8.4
公斤的谷物。
17 After
putting so many resources into animals, what do we
get out? Manure
—
at a rate
of
over
10,000
kilograms
per
second
in
Canada
alone,
according
to
the
government.
Environment
Canada says cattle excrete 40 kilograms
of manure for every kilogram of edible beef. A
large egg
factory
can
produce
50
to
100
tonnes
of
waste
per
week,
the
Ontario
Ministry
of
Agriculture
estimates.
-------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
我们把这么多资源耗费在动物身上，又得到什么回报呢？粪肥
——
据官方资料，仅
加拿大，就以每
秒
10,000
多公斤的速度排出。加拿大环境部称，牛每产<
/p>
1
公斤可食牛肉需
排出
< br>40
公斤粪便。
安大略省农业部估测，
< br>一家大型禽蛋工厂每星期可产出
50
－
< br>100
吨禽粪。
18 And where does it go? In
the 1992 Ontario Groundwater Survey, 43 per cent
of tested wells
were contaminated with
agricultural run-off containing fecal coliform
bacteria and nitrates. Earlier
this
month, charges were laid against a large Alberta
feedlot operator for dumping 30 million litres
of cattle manure into the Bow River,
-----------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
这些粪便都到哪儿去了？
1992
年安大略省地下水调查发现，
43%
的被测试水井都受
到含有粪便大肠杆菌
和硝酸盐等农业生产排出的废物的污染。
本月初，
阿尔伯达一家
大型围
栏肥育地经营者被指控将
3
千万
升牛粪排入博河，
“
沿途生灵悉数被毁”
，
一则新闻这么报道。
19 And then there is
methane, a primary contributing gas in global
warming and ozone layer
depletion.
Excluding
natural
sources,
27
per
cent
of
Canada's
and
20
per
cent
of
the
world's
methane comes from
livestock.
----------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--
此外还有沼气，
< br>那是促使全球气候变暖和臭氧层减少的主要气体。
不把天然沼气资源
包括在内，加拿大
27%
的沼气、全世界
20%
的沼气都来自牲畜。
20 John
Robbins, author of the Pulitzer prize-nominated
book Diet for a New America (Group
West),
said
it
best
when
he
stated:
lower
on
the
food
chain
is
perhaps
the
most
potent
single
act
we
can
take
to
halt
the
destruction
of
our
environment
and
preserve
our
natural
resources.
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------
获普利策提名奖的《新美洲饮食》一书作者约翰·罗宾斯说得
好：
“食用食物链较低
部分的食物或许是我们可用以阻止环境破
坏、保护自然资源的最最有效的行动。
”
21 Our
environment also includes the animals killed for
their meat. It has become an accepted
fact that today's factory-farmed
animals live short, miserable, unnatural lives.
-----------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
我们的环境也包括为食其肉而被宰
杀的动物。
当今工厂化农场的牲畜寿命极短，
过着
悲惨的、不正常的生活，这已是公认的事实。
22 As part of my research
at the University of Waterloo, I toured some of
the country's largest
------
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------
作为我在沃特卢大学研究工作的一部分，我参观过一些全国最大的“加工”
< br>厂。
这个
经历让我日后尽做噩梦。
23 I saw
electric calipers.
---------
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------
我见到“固执”的牛被打、尖叫着的猪在屠宰室被人用电卡钳追逐。
24
I
looked
on
in
utter
shock
as
a
cow
missed
the
stun
gun
and
was
hoisted
fully
conscious
upside down by its hind leg and cut to
pieces, thrashing until its last breath.
------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------
我万分震惊地目睹一头牛躲过了眩晕枪，
结果被缚住后腿倒挂起来，
惨遭活剐，
一直
挣扎到断气。
25 Noticing my shock, the foreman
remarked:
-----------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-
工头见我惊骇不已，便说：
“管它呢！它们反正得死。
”
26 Because it
can cost hundreds of dollars per minute to stop
the conveyor line, animal welfare
comes
second to profit. Over 150,000 animals are
Canada, according to Agriculture
Canada.
-------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
由于传送线停转一分钟就要损失好
几百元，
家畜的利益就变得不如利润重要。
据加拿
大农业署称，在加拿大，每个工作日，每小时有
150,000
多头家畜被“加工”
。
27 The picture gets uglier
still. En route to slaughter, farm animals may
legally spend anywhere
from
36
to
72
hours
without
food,
water
or
rest.
They're
not
even
afforded
the
of
temperature
controlled trucks in extreme summer heat or sub-
zero cold.
----------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--
情况变得甚至更可怕。家畜在宰杀
前的运输途中，法律允许在
36
－
72
小时内不给进
食、进水，不让休息。即使在炎夏或零度以下的严
冬，它们连乘温控卡车的“奢侈”也不让
享受。
28 Agriculture
Canada has estimated that more than 3 million
Canadian farm animals die slow
and
painful deaths en route to slaughter each year.
-----------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
加拿大农业署估计，
加拿大每年有
3
百多万头家畜在宰杀前的运输途中痛
苦地慢慢死
去。
29 I've also visited
typical Canadian farms. Gone are the days when
piglets snorted and roosters
strutted
their way about the barnyard. Most of today's
modernized farms have long, windowless
sheds in which animals live like
prisoners their entire lives. I have seen chickens
crammed four to
a cage, nursing pigs
separated from their young by iron bars and veal
calves confined to crates so
narrow
they couldn't turn around. Few of these animals
ever experience sunlight or fresh air
—
and most of
their natural urges are denied.
-------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
本人还参观过一些典型的加拿大农场。
猪崽喷着鼻息、
公鸡在粮仓的空场上昂首行走
的日子已经一去不复返。而今大多数的现代化农
场都有一个个狭长的、没有窗户的牲畜棚，
牲畜一生关在棚里，
如囚犯一般。
我见到过四只鸡挤在一个笼里，
喂奶的母猪与猪崽
被铁条
隔开，
肉用小牛关在狭窄得转不过身来的板条箱里。
这些牲畜几乎都终年不见阳光，
呼吸不
到新
鲜空气——
它们天生的欲望大都得不到满足。
30 Although it is difficult
to face these harsh realities, it is even more
difficult to ignore them.
Three times a
day, you make a decision that not only affects the
quality of your life, but the rest of
the living world. We hold in our knives
and forks the power to change this world.
< br>----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
面对这种严峻的现实固然困难，
置之
不理更是难上加难。
一日三次，
你要做出不仅影
响自身生活质量、
更是事关整个有生命世界的决定。
我
们手里的餐刀餐叉拥有改变这个世界
的力量。
31 Consider the
words of Albert Einstein:
chances for
survival of life on Earth as the Evolution to a
vegetarian diet.
-----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-------
让我们
想一想阿尔伯特·
爱因斯坦的话吧：
“没有什么比转向素食更有
益于人类健康，
更能增加世间万物的生存机会。
”
32
Bon appetite.
--
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
祝君胃口好。
1. ideal
a. satisfying one's
idea of what is perfect; most suitable
理想的，完美的
e.g. In an ideal world no one would go
hungry.
2. veggie
n. (infml) = vegetarian or vegetable
3. go veggie
吃素
e.g. This book is packed
with useful information to help your family go
veggie.
4. food-borne
a.
食物引起的
e.g. Food-borne illnesses
are neither long-lasting nor life-threatening.
5. refer to
mention or speak
of (sb. / sth.)
提到，说到
e.g. In her autobiography
she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.
6. vegetarian
n.
a person who, for moral, religious or health
reasons, eats no meat
素食者；素食主义者
e.g. Of
the
four
million
people
who
have
become
vegetarians
in
Britain, nearly
two-thirds
are
women.
7.
unparalleled
a. so great, etc. that it
has no equal
无比的；空前的
e.g. They enjoyed success
on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group.
8. burger
n.
(infml) hamburger
汉堡包
9. cuisine
n. (style of)
cooking
烹饪（风味）
e.g. I can help you find what you need
to know about Italian Cuisine.
10. vegetarianism
n.
素食主义
e.g.
Vegetarianism
is
very
popular
among
young
people
in
Britain,
especially
among
teenage
girls.
11. recommendation
n. action of recommending; advice
推荐；建议
e.g. Most schools ask you to provide
three letters of recommendation.
12. uncover
vt. discover
(sth.) previously secret or unknown
揭露；使被知道
e.g. The investigation uncovered
evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild
birds.
13. chronic
a. (esp.
of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually
recurring
（尤指疾病）
慢性的，
< br>长期的；
连续复发的
e.g. Chronic diseases are among the
most common and costly health problems.
14. dietetic
a.
饮食
(
学
)<
/p>
的
e.g.
Children who are overweight or underweight may
benefit from expert dietetic advice.
15. association
n.
协会；联盟；社团
e.g. the British Medical Association
16. degenerative
a. (of a medical condition) getting or
likely to get worse
衰退的，退化的
e.g. We should try to
change the situation that led to degenerative
disease.
17. flatly
ad. in
an outright, direct manner
断然，直截了当地
e.g. He flatly denied that he saw what
had happened.
18.
biological
a.
生物的
e.g. The biological rhythm
of a plant is affected by light and heat.
19. boost
vt. increase the
strength or value of (sth.)
增加；提高
e.g. The theatre managed to boost its
audiences by cutting ticket prices.
20. nutritional
a.
营养的
e.g. Chemical sweeteners have no
nutritional value.
21. drawback
n. disadvantage or problem
不利条件；欠缺；障碍
e.g. One of the drawbacks of living
with someone is having to share a bathroom.
22. devoid
a.
empty (of); lacking (in)
空的
;
缺少的
23. devoid of
without
(sth.); completely lacking in (sth.)
没有；毫无
e.g. He seems to be devoid of any
compassion whatsoever.
24.
fiber
n.
纤维
e.g. When shopping, one
must be familiar with the calorie and fiber
content of all foods.
25. cholesterol
n.
胆固醇
e.g. Cholesterol can be
both good and bad, so it's important to learn what
cholesterol is.
26. trace
n. very small amount; mark, sign, etc.
showing what has existed or happened
极微的量；踪迹；
形迹
e.g. Traces of drugs were
found in his blood.
27. hormone
n.
激素，荷尔蒙
e.g. Growth hormones make
livestock gain weight more quickly on less feed.
28. steroid
n.
类化合物，类固醇
e.g. Many individuals past and present
have utilize steroids for athletic prestige.
29. antibiotic
n.
抗菌素，抗生素
e.g. I'm taking antibiotics for a
throat infection.
30.
notoriety
n. fame for being bad in some
way
臭名昭著
e.g. He gained notoriety for murdering
eleven women in the north of England.
31. E. coli
abbr.
Escherichia coli
大肠杆菌
e.g. The E. coli bacteria
are eventually mixed into the meat.
32. campylobacter
n.
弯曲菌
e.g. Freezing reduces the number of
Campylobacter bacteria present on raw meat.
33. bacteria (singular bacterium)
n.
细菌
e.g. Bacteria grow in a wide variety of
conditions.
34. inspection
n.
检验
35. inspect
vt. examine
(sth.) closely
检验，检查
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