-
英语修辞手法
<
/p>
英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比
,
分类细
,
种类多
.
下
面将英语的修辞简单介
绍如下
:
1.
Simile
明喻
<
/p>
明喻是将具有
共性的不同事物
作对比
p>
.
这种共性存在于人们的心里
,
而
不是事物的自然属性
.
标志词常用
like, as,
seem, as if, as though, similar to, such
as
等
.
例如
:
1>.He was
like
a
cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him
crow.
2>.I
wandered lonely
as
a cloud.
3>.Einstein
only had a blanket on,
as if
he had just walked out of a fairy
tale.
2.
Metaphor
隐喻
,
暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻
,
是
将某一事物的名称用于另一事物
,
通过
比较
形
成
.
例如
:
1>.Hope is a good
breakfast
, but it is a bad
supper
.
2>.Some
books
are
to
be
tasted,
others
swallowed,
and
some
few
to
be
chewed and digested.
3.
Metonymy
借喻
,
转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物
p>
,
而使
用另一个与之相关的事物名称
.
I.
以容器代替内容
,
例如
:
1>.The
kettle
boils.
水开了
.
2>.The
room
sat
silent.
全屋人安静地坐着
.
II.
以
资料
.
工具代替事物的名称
,
例如
:
Lend me your
ears
, please.
请听我说
.
III.
以作者代替作品
,
例如
:
a complete
Shakespeare
莎士比亚全集
VI.
以具体事物代替抽象概念
p>
,
例如
:
I had the
muscle
, and they made money
out of it.
我有力气
,
他
们就用我
的力气赚钱
.
4
.Synecdoche
提喻
<
/p>
提喻
用部分代替全体
,
< br>或用全体代替部分
,
或特殊代替一般
.
例如
:
1>.There are about 100
hands
working in his
factory.(
部分代整体
)
他的厂里约有
100
名工人
.
2>.He is the
Newton
of this
century.(
特殊代一般
)
他是本世纪的牛顿
.
3>.The
fox
goes
very well with your
cap.
(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配
.
5.
Synaesthesia
通感
,
联觉
,
移觉
这种修
辞法是
以视
.
听
.
触
.
嗅
.
味等感觉直接描写事物
.
通感就是把<
/p>
不同
感官的感觉
沟通起来,借
联想
引起感觉转移,
“
以
感觉写感觉”
。
通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局
限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,
起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化
的样式会联想到
音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺
轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里
的“
微风过处送来缕缕清香
,
仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”
。
例如
:
1>.The birds
sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like v
oice.
(
用视觉
形容听觉,鸟落在
树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上
,
倾泻出百合花似的声音
.
2>
.Taste
the
music of Mozart.
(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝
Mo
zart
的音乐
.
ification
拟人
<
/p>
拟人是
把生命赋予无生命的事物
.
例如
:
1>.The night gently
lays
her hand at our fevered
heads.
(把夜拟人化)
2>.I was very happy and
could hear the birds
singing
in the
woods.
(把鸟
拟人化)
7.
Hyperbole
夸张
<
/p>
夸张是以
言过其实
的说法表达强调的目的
.
它可以加强语势
,
< br>增加表达
效果
..
例如
:
1>
.I beg a
thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to
me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad
news,
a river of tears
poured out.
8.
Parallelism
排比
,
平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的
结构大体相同或相似
,
意思相关
,
p>
语
气一致的短语
.
句子排列成串
,
形成一个整体
.
例如
:
1>.No one can
be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be
perfectly
moral till all are moral; no
one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
2>.In the days
when all these things are to be answered for, I
summon you
and yours, to the last of
your bad race, to answer for them. In the days
when all
these things are to be
answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of
your
bad race, to answer for them
separately.
9.
Euphemism
委婉
,
婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉
< br>,
文雅的方法表达粗恶
,
避讳的
话
.
例如
:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary.??
他出去方便一下
.
2>.His relation with his
wife has not been fortunate.
他与妻子关系不融
洽
.
3>.Deng
Xiaoping passed away in 1997.
(去世)
10.
Allegory
讽喻
,
比方(原意“寓言”
)
建立在
假借过去或别处的事例
与对象
之上,传达
暗示,影射或者讥讽现世
各种现象的含义
。
英文解释:
an
expressive
style
that
uses
fictional
characters
and
events
to
describe some subject by suggestive
resemblances; an extended metaphor
摘
自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法
p>
,
意为
换个方式的
说法
它是一种形象
的描述
,
具有双重性
,
表层含义与
真正意味的是两回事
.
例如
:
1>.
Make the hay while the
sun shines.
表层含义:趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味:趁热打铁
2>.
It's time to turn plough
into sword.
表层含义:是时候把犁变成剑
11.
Irony
反语
<
/p>
反语指用
相反意义的词
来表达意思的作文
方式
.
如
在指责过失
< br>.
错误时
,
用赞同过失的说法<
/p>
,
而在表扬时
,
则近乎责难的说法
.
例如
:
1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not
knowing what time it was in the
morning.
早上没有时间观
念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间
观念)
2>
waiter said to the beggar.
双关
<
/p>
双关就是用
一个词在句子中的双重含义
,
借题发挥
.
作出多种解释
,
旁敲
侧击
,
从而达到意想不到的幽默
.
滑稽效果
.
它主要以相似的词形
.
词意
和谐
音的方式出现
.
例如
:
1>.She
is
too
low
for
a
high
praise,
too
brown
for
a
fair
praise
and
too
little
for a great praise.
2>.An ambassador is an honest man who
lies abroad for the good of his
country.
3>.If we don't hang together, we shall
hang separately.
13.
Parody
仿拟
<
/p>
这是一种
模仿名言
.
警句
.
谚语
,
改动其中部分词语
,
从而使其产生新意
的修辞
.
例如
:
1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in
a year.
2>.A
friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3>.If you give
a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of
it.
14.
Rhetorical question
修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的
,
而是以疑问为手段
,
取得
修辞上的效果
,
其特点是
:
肯定问句表示强烈否定
,
而否定问句表示强烈
p>
的肯定
.
它的答案往往是不言而喻的
.
例如
:
1>.How
was
it
possible
to
walk
for
an
hour
through
the
woods
and
see
nothing
worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go
unanswered?
15
.Antithesis
对照<
/p>
,
对比
,
对偶<
/p>
这种修辞
指将
意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比
的一种修辞方法
.
例如
:
1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but
that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me
liberty, or give me death.
16.
Paradox
隽语
<
/p>
这是一种
貌似矛盾
,
但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法
,
是一种
矛盾
修
辞法
..
例如
:
1>.
More haste, less
speed.
欲速则不达
2>.The child is the father
to the man.
(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁
看大
,四岁看老。
17.
Oxymoron
反意法
,
逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法
,
用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物
,
以
不协
调的搭配
使读者
领悟句中微妙的含义
.
例如
:
1>.No light, but rather darkness
visible.
没有光亮,黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of
this house is cheerless welcome.
18.
Climax
渐进法
,
层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照
意念的
大小
.
轻重
.
深浅
.
高低等逐层渐进
,
最后达到顶点
.
可以增强语势
,
逐渐加深读者印象
.
例如
:
1>.I am sorry, I am so
sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2>.Eye had not seen nor ear
heard, and nothing had touched his heart of
stone.
19.
Anticlimax
渐降法
与
climax
相反的一种修辞法
p>
,
将一系列词语
由大到小
< br>,
由强到弱地排列
.
例如
:
1>.On his breast he wears
his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet
a pair of boots.
2>.The duties of a soldier
are to protect his country and peel potatoes
英语修辞手法总结
Figures of speech
(
修辞
)are ways of making our
language figurative. When we use words in other
than their
ordinary or literal sense to
lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to
create suggestive imagery, we are
said
to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are
going to talk about some common forms of figures
of speech.
1) Simile
:
(
明喻)
It is a figure of
speech which makes a comparison between two unlike
elements having at
least
one quality or characteristic
(
特性
)in common. To make the
comparison, words like as, as...as, as if
and like are used to transfer the
quality we associate with one to the other. For
example, As cold waters to a
thirsty
soul, so is good news from a far country.
2)
Metaphor
:
(
暗喻)
It is like a simile, also makes a
comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike
a
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