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Unit 4
Amplification
Section One Amplification in E-C
Translation
Step One
Introduction
Purpose for adopting this
technique: making the meaning complete in the TL
Examples:
Mary
washes
before meals.
洗手
Mary
washes
before going to bed.
洗脚
/
澡
Mary
washes
after
getting up.
洗脸
Mary
washes
for a
living.
靠洗衣度日
Mary
washes
in a
restaurant.
洗碗碟
Step Two: Discussion
1
adding words omitted in the original (for purpose
of syntax)
1) words omitted in parallel
structure
?
A
fool and his words are soon parted, a man of
genius and his money.
愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。
?
Some
books
are
to
be
tasted, others swallowed,
and
some few
chewed
and digested.
一些书
可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以狼吞虎咽
(
囫囵吞枣
)
；只有少数的书需要
细嚼慢咽，好好消化。
?
Reading
makes a full man; conference a ready man; and
writing an exact
man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记（写作）使人准确
(
精准
)
。
2) words omitted in
comparative structure
?
The footmen were ready to serve her as
they were their own mistress.
仆人们愿意服侍她，
就像他们
愿意服侍
他们的女主人一样。
?
Better be wise
by the defeat of others than by your own.
< br>从别人的失败中吸取教训比
从自己的失败中吸取教训
更好
。
3) words
omitted in elliptical answer
?
Is this your
book? Yes, it is.
这是你的书吗？是
我<
/p>
的。
?
Are you tired? Not very.
你累了
吗？不太
累
。
?
Shall I bring
you a dictionary or an encyclopedia? Both, please.
给你带一本词典还是带一本百科全书？请把两样都
带来
。
?
Do you like sport? Yes, I do.
你喜欢体育运动吗？是的，我喜欢（体育运动）
。
2 adding words for the
purpose of rhetoric or meaning
1)
adding verbs
?
He
dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.
他没有
致
闭幕辞就宣布
结束
会议。
?
After the
football match, he
?
s got an
important meeting.
在
观看
完足球赛之后，他有一个重要会议要
参加
。
?
There
were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no
“
ordinary
Chinese
”
with
paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
没有
人发表
讲话，没有各国外交官
到场
，也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、
花束的
场面。
2) adding
nouns
a) add a noun after an
intransitive verb
?
First you borrow, then you beg.
头一遭借
钱
，下一遭就讨
饭<
/p>
。
?
Mary washed for a living after her
husband died of cancer.
玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗<
/p>
衣服
维持生活。
?
He ate and
drank, for he was exhausted.
他吃了点
东西
，喝了点
酒
，因为他疲
惫不堪了。
?
Day after day he came to his work
–
sweeping, scrubbing and
cleaning.
他每天来干活——扫
地
< br>、擦
地板
和收拾
房间
。
b) add a noun before
an adjective
?
A
new kind of aircraft
–
small, cheap, pilotless
–
is
attracting attention.
一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注
意——这种飞机体积不大，价格便
宜，无人驾驶。
?
He is a
complicated man
–
moody,
mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
他是
一个
性格
复杂的人——喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹豫寡欢。<
/p>
3) adding
adjectives / adverbs
?
What a leader he was!
他真是一个<
/p>
出类拔萃
的领袖
啊
！
?
The crowds melted away.
人群
渐渐
散开了。
?
As he sat down
and began talking, words poured out.
他一
坐下来就讲开了，
滔滔不绝地
讲个没完。
3 adding words to convey
the concept of plurality
C: no
inflexion
1) adding
reduplicated words
增加叠词
?
Flowers bloom
all over the yard.
朵朵
鲜花开满了庭院。
?
There were rows
of houses which he had never seen before.
< br>一
排排
的房子都是他从来没有见过的。
< br>
?
Very acute
problems exist among them.
他们之间存在着非常尖锐的
种种
问题。
?
They carried on
the work in spite of the difficulties.
尽管困难
重重
，他们还是把工作进行下
去了。
2) adding numerals and other
words
增加数量词或其他词
?
The tiger is
the king of the
animals
.
老虎是
百
兽之王。
?
The very earth
trembled as with the tramps of
horses
and murmur of angry
men
.
连大地都震动了，仿佛
万
马奔腾，
千
夫怒
吼。
using other words such as
每；各；全体；所有
?
Mr. Hobbs
didn
?
t talk over my
suggestions with his brother until yesterday
afternoon.
直到昨天下午，霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟
讨论了我的
各项
建议。
4 Adding words to indicate
different tenses or sequences
C: no
inflexion; some words to indicate tense:
曾、已经、过、了；在、正在、
着；将、就要、会、便
?
I had never
thought
I?
d be happy to find
myself considered unimportant.
以往
我
从未
想过，当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时，我
会感到高兴。
?
The old man said,
“
They say his father was a
fisherman. Maybe he was as
poor as we
are.
”
老头儿说：
“听人说，
从前
他爸爸是个打渔的。他
过去
也许跟我们
现在
一样<
/p>
穷。
”
?
Man, was, is
and always will be trying to improve his living
conditions.
人类
过去
、
现在
而且
将来
总是
在
尽力改善生活条件。
5 adding necessary
connectives
?
Without
a
sense
your
fault,
how
can
repentance
and
amendment
be
expected?
如果
对自己的错
误都不能认识到，怎么能指望你会悔改呢？
?
Having a lot of
advantages, this machine still needs improving.
这台机器
尽管
有很多优点，它仍然需要改进
。
?
Heated, water will change into vapor. <
/p>
水
如果
受热就会气化。
< br>
?
Many people
being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
既然
有这么多人缺席，会议就只好延期召开。
?
Knowing
English
well,
he
finished
the
English
homework
without
much
difficulty.
由于
他英语
很好，所以他很轻松地完成了英语作业。
6 adding words by logical analysis
?
The
atmosphere
moderates
daytime
temperature
and
retards
night
heat
loss.
大气层能缓和
白天气温的
上升
和阻止夜间热量的损耗。
?
Year after
year and century and century the moon goes through
its cycles.
一年又一年，一个世纪又一个世纪，月亮
盈亏
/
圆缺变化
，周而复始。
(here,
“
cycle
”
refers to the waxing and
waning of the moon)
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