2018年12月15日雅思阅读考情回顾

雅思考试机经

2018

年

12

月

15

日雅思阅读考情回顾

一、考试时 间：

2018

年

12

< br>月

15

日（周六）

二、考试概述：

< br>临近年底，

雅思阅读很少有新题出现，

本次考试三篇全为 经典旧题。

第一篇，

The dinosaurs

footprints and extinction

介绍恐 龙的灭绝，

是

2016

年

10

月

13

日和

年

11

月

3

日旧题，

也在

20 15

年

11

月

19

日作为

AB

卷的一篇出现过。第二 篇是

2013

年

3

月

2

日和

2017

年

6

月

24

< br>日的旧题，叫作

Tackling Hunger in Msekeni

，介绍的是马拉维的一个城市如何处理

粮食与教育的矛盾问题的。第三 篇

group behavior

，研究团队的行为差异，是< /p>

2016

年

2

月

18

日，

2013

年

2

月

14

日以及

2014

年

3

月

1

日的旧题。

三、文章简介

Passage 1: The dinosaurs footprints and extinction

，恐龙的足迹与灭绝

Passage 2: Tackling Hunger in Msekeni

，粮食与教育

Passage 3: group behavior

，集体行为

四、篇章分析：

Passage 1

：

文章内容

各段概括：

人们认为恐龙的灭绝是因 为陨石，

而有一个科学家认为恐龙的繁荣也是由于

陨石。

恐龙比人们认为的要小。

恐龙的足迹并不能够用来精确的辨别出不同的物种。

在岛屿上的蜥蜴生长的体型很大，因为没有竞争生物。

陨石坑在海里很难发现，因为板块发生了漂移。

题

型

分

布

< br>与

答案参考

TFNG

1

Dr Paul Olsen and his colleagues believe that asteroid knock may also lead

to dinosaurs

’

boom.

2

Books

and

movie

like

Jurassic

Park

often

exaggerate

the

size

of

the

dinosaurs.

3

4

Dinosaur footprints are more adequate than dinosaur skeletons.

The

prints

were

chosen

by

Dr

Olsen

to

study

because

they

are

more

detectable than earth magnetic field to track a date of geological precise within

雅思考试机经

thousands years.

5

Ichnotaxa showed that footprints of dinosaurs offer exact information of the

trace left by an individual species.

6

Fill in the blank

Dr Olsen and his colleagues applied a phenomenon named

7

to

explain

the

We can find more Iridium in the earth

’

s surface than in meteorites.

large

size

of

the

Eubrontes,

which

is

a

similar

case

to

that

nowadays

reptiles

invade a place where there are no

8

;

for

example,

on

an

island

called

Komodo, indigenous huge lizards grow so big that people even regarding them as

However, there were no old impact trace being found? The answer may be that

we have

10

the

evidence.

Old

craters

are

difficult

to

spot

or

it

probably

11

due to the effect of the earth moving. Even a crater formed in Ocean

12

under

the

impact

of

crust

movement.

Beside,

the

third

13

9

had been

hypothesis is that the potential evidences --- some craters may be

相关拓展

The dinosaurs footprints and extinction

EVERYBODY knows that the dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid. Something

big hit the earth 65 million years ago and, when the dust had fallen, so had the

great reptiles. There is thus a nice, if ironic, symmetry in the idea that a similar

impact

brought

about

the

dinosaurs'

rise.

That

is

the

thesis

proposed

by

Paul

Olsen, of Columbia University, and his colleagues in this week's Science.

Dinosaurs

first

appear

in

the

fossil

record

230m

years

ago,

during

the

Triassic

period. But they were mostly small, and they shared the earth with lots of other

sorts of reptile. It was in the subsequent Jurassic, which began 202million years

ago,

that

they

overran

the

planet

and

turned

into

the

monsters

depicted

in

the

book and movie “Jurassic Park”. (Actually, though, the

dinosaurs that appeared

on screen were from the still more recent Cretaceous

（

白垩纪）

period.) Dr Olsen

and

his

colleagues

are

not

the

first

to

suggest

that

the

dinosaurs

inherited

the

earth

as

the

result

of

an

asteroid

strike.

But

they

are

the

first

to

show

that

the

takeover did, indeed, happen in a geological eyeblink.

雅思考试机经

Dinosaur

skeletons

are

rare.

Dinosaur

footprints

are,

however,

surprisingly

abundant. And the sizes of the prints are beasts as are as good an indication of the

sizes of the beats as are the skeletons themselves. Dr Olsen and his colleagues

therefore concentrated on prints, not bones.

The prints in question were made in eastern North America, a part of the world

then

full

of

rift

valleys

similar

to

those

in

East

Africa

today.

Like

the

modern

African rift valleys, the Triassic (n.

三叠纪）

/Jurassic American ones contained

lakes,

and

these

lakes

grew

and

shrank

at

regular

intervals

because

of

climatic

changes caused by periodic shifts in the earth's orbit. (A similar phenomenon is

responsible for modern ice ages.) That regularity, combined with reversals in the

earth's magnetic field, which are detectable in the tiny fields of certain magnetic

minerals,

means that rocks from this place and period can be dated to within a

few thousand years. As a bonus, squishy (adj.

粘糊糊的

)lake-edge sediments are

just the things for recording the tracks of passing animals. By dividing the labour

between themselves, the ten authors of the paper were able to study such tracks at

80 sites.

The researchers looked at 18 so-called ichnotaxa (

群落

). These are recognisable

types

of

footprint

that

cannot

be

matched

precisely

with

the

species

of

animal

that left them. But they can be matched with a general sort of animal, and thus act

as an indicator of the fate of that group, even when there are no bones to tell the

story.

Five

of

the

ichnotaxa

disappear

before

the

end

of

the

Triassic,

and

four

march confidently across the boundary into the Jurassic. Six, however, vanish at

the

boundary,

or

only

just

splutter

across

it;

and

three

appear

from

nowhere,

almost as soon as the Jurassic begins.

That boundary itself is suggestive. The first geological indication of the impact

that killed the dinosaurs was an unusually high level of iridium in rocks at the

end of the Cretaceous, when the beasts disappear from the fossil record. Iridium

is

normally

rare

at

the

earth's

surface,

but

it

is

more

abundant

in

meteorites.

When people began to believe the impact theory, they started looking for other

Cretaceous-end anomalies. One that turned up was a surprising abundance of fern

spores in rocks just above the boundary layer

—a phenomenon known as a “fern

雅思考试机经

spike”. (n.

蕨类）

That

matched

the

theory

nicely.

Many

modern

ferns

are

opportunists.

They

cannot

compete

against

plants

with

leaves,

but

if a

piece

of

land

is

cleared

by,

say, a volcanic eruption, they are often the first things to set up shop there. An

asteroid strike would have scoured much of the earth of its vegetable cover, and

provided a paradise for ferns. A fern spike in the rocks is thus a good indication

that something terrible has happened.

Both

an

iridium

anomaly

and

a

fern

spike

appear

in

rocks

at

the

end

of

the

Triassic,

too.

That

accounts

for

the

disappearing

ichnotaxa

：

the

creatures

that

made

them

did

not

survive

the

holocaust.

The

surprise

is

how

rapidly

the

new

ichnotaxa appear.

Dr Olsen and his colleagues suggest that the explanation for this rapid increase in

size

may

be

a

phenomenon

called

ecological

release.

This

is

seen

today

when

reptiles (which, in modern times, tend to be small creatures) reach islands where

they

face

no

competitors.

The

most

spectacular

example

is

on

the

Indonesian

island

of

Komodo,

where

local

lizards

have

grown

so large

that

they

are

often

referred to as dragons. The dinosaurs, in other words, could flourish only when

the competition had been knocked out.

That

leaves

the

question

of

where

the

impact

happened.

No

large

hole

in

the

earth's

crust

seems

to

be

202m

years

old.

It

may,

of

course,

have

been

overlooked.

Old

craters

are

eroded

and

buried,

and

not

always

easy

to

find.

Alternatively,

it

may

have

vanished. Although continental

crust

is

more

or

less

permanent, the ocean floor is constantly recycled by the tectonic processes that

bring about continental drift. There is no ocean floor left that is more than 200m

years old, so a crater that formed in the ocean would have been swallowed up by

now.

There is a third possibility, however. This is that the crater is known, but has been

misdated.

The

Manicouagan

''structure

a

crater

in

Quebec,

is

thought

to

be

214m years old. It is huge

—

some 100km across

—

and seems to be the largest of

雅思考试机经

between three and five craters that formed within a few hours of each other as the

lumps of a disintegrated comet hit the earth one by one.

Passage 2

：

文章内容

文章介绍了马拉维一个城市 长期以来的学生入学率不高的问题被一个免费的

上学就有午餐吃的项目给解决了。

题型分布与

答案参考

List of Headings

i

Why better food helps student’s learning

ii

Becoming the headmaster of Msekeni

iii

Surprising use of school premises

iv

Global perspective

v

Why students were undernourished

vi

Surprising academic outcome

vii

An innovative program to help girls

viii

How food program is operated

ix

How food program affects school attendance

x

None of the usual reasons

14

Paragraph A

15

Paragraph B

16

paragraph C

17

Paragraph D

18

Paragraph E

19

Paragraph F

20

Paragraph G

Questions 21-24

Complete

the

sentences

below

using

NO

MORE

THAN

TWO

WORDS/OR A NUMBER from the passage.

Write your answers in boxes 21-24 on your answer sheet.

21

In

Kumanda’s

school____

are

given

to

girls

after

the

end

of

the

school day.

22

Many children from poor families were sent to collect_____ from the

雅思考试机经

field.

23

Thanks to the free food program,_____ of students passed the test.

24

The

modern

human

is

_____ bigger

than before

after

the industrial

revolu-tion.

Questions 25-26

Choose TWO letters, A-F.

Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO of the following statements are true?

A

Some children are taught in the open air.

B

Bernard Kumanda became the headmaster in 1991.

C

No new staffs were recruited when attendance rose.

D

Girls are often treated equally with boys in Malawi.

E

Scientists have devised ways to detect the most underfed students in

school.

F

WHO

is

worried

about

malnutrition

among

kids

in

developing

countries.

相关拓展

A

There

are

not

enough

classrooms

at

the

Msekeni

primary

school,

so

half the lessons take place in the shade of yellow- blossomed acacia trees.

Given

this

shortage,

it

mig

ht

seem

odd

that

one

of

the

school’s

purpose-built

classrooms

has

been

emptied

of

pupils

and

turned

into

a

storeroom for sacks of grain. But it makes sense. Food matters more than

shelter.

B

Msekeni is in one of the poorer parts of Malawi, a landlocked southern

African

country

of

exceptional

beauty

and

great

poverty.

No

war

lays

waste

Malawi,

nor

is

the

land

unusually

crowded

or

infertile,

but

Malawians

still

have

trouble

finding

enough

to

eat.

Half

of

the

children

under

five

are

underfed

to

the

point

of

stunting.

Hunger

blights

most

aspects

of

Malawian

life,

so

the

country

is

as

good

a

place

as

any

to

investigate how nutrition affects development, and vice versa.

C

The

headmaster

at

Msekeni,

Bernard

Kumanda,

has

strong

views

on

the subject. He thinks food is a priceless teaching aid. Since 1999,his pupils

have

received

free

school

lunches.

Donors

such

as

the

World

Food

Programme

(WFP)

provide

the

food:

those

sacks

of

grain

(mostly

mixed