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《论读书》翻译赏析
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Of Studies
by Francis Bacon
Studies serve
for delight, for ornament, and for
ability
. Their chief use for delight is
in
privateness
and
retiring;
for
ornament,
is
in
discourse;
and
for
ability,
is
in
the
judgment
and disposition of business. For expert men can
execute, and perhaps judge
of
particulars, one by one; but the general counsels,
and the plots and marshalling of
affairs, come best, from those that are
learned. To spend too much time in studies is
sloth; to use them too much for
ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly
by
their
rules,
is
the
humor
of
a
scholar.
T
hey
perfect
nature,
and
are
perfected
by
experience:
for
natural
abilities
are
like
natural
plants,
that
need
pruning,
by
study;
and
studies
themselves,
do
give
forth
directions
too
much
at
large,
except
they
be
bounded in by experience.
Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire
them, and
wise men use them;
for they teach not
their own
use;
but
that is
a wisdom
without
them, and above them, won by
observation. Read not to contradict and confute;
nor to
believe and take for granted;
nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and
consider.
Some books are to be tasted,
others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed
and
digested;
that is, some
books are to be read only in parts; others to be
read, but not
curiously;
and
some few to
be read wholly, and
with
diligence and
attention
.
Some
books also may be read by deputy, and
extracts made of them bothers; but that would
be only in the less important arguments
and the meaner sort of books, else distilled
books are like common distilled waters,
flashy things.
Reading makes a
full man; conference a ready man; and writing an
exact man.
And therefore, if a man
write little, he had need have a great memory; if
he confer
little, he had need have
a present
wit: and if he
read little, he had need
have much
cunning, to seem
to know, that he doth not. Histories make men
wise; poets witty; the
mathematics
subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave;
logic and rhetoric able to
contend. Abeunt studia in , there is no
stand or impediment in the wit, but
may
be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of
the body, may have appropriate
exercises. Bowling is good for the
stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and
breast;
gentle walking for the stomach;
riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's
wit be
wandering, let him study the
mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be
called
away never so little, he must
begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish
or find
differences, let him study the
Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be
not apt
to beat over matters, and to
call up one thing to prove and illustrate another,
let him
study the lawyers' cases. So
every defect of the mind may have a special
receipt.
《论读书》
弗朗西斯·培根
王佐良
译
读书足以怡情
,
足以博采
,
足以长才。
其怡情也
,
最见于独处幽居之时
;
其
博采也
,
最见于高谈阔论之中
,
其长才也
,
最见于处事判事之际。<
/p>
练达之士虽能
分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局谋
划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰
,
文采藻饰太盛则矫
,
全凭条文断事乃
学究故态。
读书补天然
之不足
,
经验又补读书之不足
,
盖天生才干犹如自然花草
,
读书然后知如何修
剪移接
;
而书中所示
,
如不以经验范之
,
则又大而无当
。有一技之长者鄙读书
,
无知者羡读书
,
唯明智之士用读书
,
然书并不以用处告人
,
用书之智不在书中
,
而在书外
,
全凭观察得之。
读书时不可存心诘难作者
,
不可尽信书上所言
,
亦不
可只为寻章摘句
,
而应推敲细思。
书有可浅尝者
,
有可吞食者
,
少数则须咀嚼消
化。
换言之
,
有只须读其部分者
,
有只须大体涉猎者
,
少数则须全读
,
读时须全
神贯注
,
孜孜不倦。
书亦可请人代读
,
最其所作搞要
,
但只限题材较次或价值不
高者
,
否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏
,
淡而无味矣。
读书使人充实
,
讨论使人机智
,
笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特
强
,
不常讨论者须天生聪颖
,
不常读书者须欺世有术
,
始能无知而
显有知。
读史
使人明智
,
读诗使人灵秀
,
数学使人周密
,
科学使人深刻
,
伦理使人庄重
,
逻
辑修辞使人善辨
:
凡有所学
,
皆成性格。
人之才智但有滞碍
,
无不可读适当之书