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专四语法考点串讲之四
形容词、副词及比较平行结构
一、形容词后置情况总结：
（
1
）修饰
不定代词
s
omething, anything, nothing,
everything
等时，例：
There is something difficult in this
book.
（
2
）形容词后面有
介词短语或不定式短语
的时候。例：
This is a student worth of
praise.
（
3
）用
and
或
or
连接两个形
容词
通常放在被修饰的名词之后，起强调修饰的作用。例：
They will turn their
motherland into a country, beautiful and modern. <
/p>
（
4
）形容词同
表示数量的词组连用
时亦放在后面。例：
The pipe
is twelve feet long.
二、感叹副词
w
hat
、
how
之间的区别：
what
修饰名词或名词短语，
how
修饰副词或形容词。如：
56
．
Which of the
following sentences is INCORRECT?
（
2012
）
A
．
How strange
feelings they are!
B
．
How dare you
speak to me like that!
C
．
What noise they
are making!
D. What a mess we are
in!
三、同根副词辨析：
1
）
hard
努力地
hardly
几乎
2
）
late
晚，迟
lately
近来
3
）
most
极，非常
mostly
主要地
4
）
wide
广阔地
widely
广泛地
5
）
deep
深，迟
deeply
抽象
意义上的
“
深
”
6
）
near
邻近
nearly
几乎
7)
express
用快递方式
expressly
清楚地，明白地
8
）
jus
t
恰好，正是
justly
正义、公正地
……
详细阅读课本（
P276-280
）并做
P280-281
练习题
24B
。
四、比较等级的常见句型：
（
1
）
as+
原级
+ as
（
as+
原级
+a/an+
单数可数名词
+
as
）
，其否定形式为
not
as/so+
原级
+ as
（
2
）比较级
+than+
比较对象（
less+
原级
+
比较对象）
（
3
）比较级
+and+
比较级或
more and more +
原级
（
4
）
the+
比较级
…
，
the
+
比较级
…
（
5
）
the+
比较级
+of the two
（
6
）
the+
最高级（
+
单数可数名词）
+of/among+
复数名词或
in+
单数名词
（
7
）
be
one of/among+ the+
最高级
+
复数名词
（
8
）
the
last+
原级（
+
单数可数名词）<
/p>
+of/among+
复数名词或
in+
单数名词
五、比较等级的修饰语：
（
1
）修饰原级：
fairly, quite,
rather, so, very, too
等。
（
2
）
修饰比较级：<
/p>
much, even, far, rather, still, any, no
(
而不用
very, quite, fairly
，
Greatly)
，
a
bit, a little,
a head, a great deal. a
lot , by far
等。
六、
如果复数名词前有
many
、
few
，不可数名词前有
much
、
little
等表示
量<
/p>
的形容词时，该用
so
而
不用
such
；
注意
：
little
不表示数量而表示
“
小
”
的意思时
,
仍用
such
。
七、
almost
与
nearly
的用法区别
：
在
very, pretty,
not
后用
nearly,
不用
almost
。
在
any, no, none,
never
前用
almost,
不用
nearly
。
Eg. I’m not nearly ready.
I
almost never see her.
八、特殊结构
:
1. A is to B what / as X is Y
如：
53. Nine is to three _____
three is to one. (2008)
A. when
B.
that
C. which
D. what
2.
A+V
.+
倍数或分数
as + adj. / adv. + as +B.
A +V
.+
倍数或分数
+
名词
of B
如：
55. A new laptop
costs about _____ of a second-hand one. (2009)
A. the price of three times
B. three times the price
C. as much as the three times price
D. three times
more than the price
64.
The
square
itself
is
five
hundred
yards
wide,
five
times
____
the
size
of
St.
Peter’s
in
Rome.
（
2008
）
A. /
B. that of
C. which is
D.
of
3. major, minor,
inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior
+to
表示比较
;
九、
As
的用法、比较级的用法及隐含比较级
as
的用法：
1.
原级比较一般结构
as … as not as … as the
same … as
Eg:
The work is not as difficult as you
think.
Last year, land values in most
parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as
those outside the pinelands.
2. as
引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔
开，
但
which
所
引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
as
可引导非限制
性从句，
常带有
‘
正如
’
。
As we know, smoking is
harmful to one‘s health.
As is known, smoking is
harmful to one’s health.
As
是关系代词。
< br>例
1
中的
as
< br>作
know
的宾语；
例
2
中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词
know<
/p>
要用
被动式。
3.
尽管，虽说
(
< br>引起让步状语从句
)
Eg.
Intelligent as she was, she had not
much insight.
尽管她很聪明，但她没眼力。
4.
As much as
达到（和）
……
（一样）的程度
5. as (so) far as <
/p>
就
……
而论，据
……(
引导方式状语从句
)
6.
So as to
为的是，以便
7. Such as to
以致
53. His remarks were ________ annoy
everybody at the meeting.
（
2005
）
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. such to
D. as much as
to
8. as (so) long as
只要
(=only if
引导条件状语从句
)
9. as soon as
一
…<
/p>
就
(
引导时间状语从句
< br>)
10. as well (as)
也，以及，还
；和；不仅
(
连接并列成分或从句
)
11. n
o such…as
没有这样一个
…
60. Land belongs to the city; there is
thing as
private ownership of land.
（
2006
）
A) no such a
B) not such
C) not such a
D) no such
12.
as much of
…
as
正如
…
一样
64. It was
we had hoped.
（
2006
）
A) more a success than
B) a success more than
C) as much of a success as
D) a success as much as
13.
so much as
用在否定句中：与其说，不如说
41. The trumpet player was
certainly loud. but I wasn’t bothered by his
loudness
his lack of talent.
（
2004
）
A.
so much as
B.
rather than
C. as
D than
55. It is
not so much the language
the
cultural background that makes the film difficult
to understand.
(2015
，
2011.57
，
2007
.57, 1999. 45)
A. but
B. nor
C.
like
D.
as
比较级的用法
:
1. more
than
用法和意义较多，单独使用时其含义有
:
“
不仅是，
非常，
十分
”
等。
more …than
其含义可以是
: “
与其说
……
不如说，
不是
……
而是
”
2. no more than
VS.
not more
than
a. He has no more than
five dollars on him.
他身上仅有
5<
/p>
美元。
(
强调少
)
b. He has not more than five dollars
on him.
他身上带的钱不超过
5
美元。
(
客观述，数额少于
5
美元
)
3. no more …
than
VS.
not more … than
a. He is no more diligent than you.
他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。
(
两人都不勤奋，含有消极否定的意思
)
b. He is not more diligent than you.
他没有像你那样勤奋。
(
两人都勤奋，但你
更勤奋，含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异）
62. Overpopulation poses a terrible
threat
to the human race. Yet it is
probably ________a threat to the
human
race than environmental destruction.
(2007)
A. no more
B.
not more
C. even more
D. much more
4. no less than = as much as
意为：
“
竟有
…
之多，多达
”
，强调多
not less than
意为
“
不少于，至少
”
，客观地描述
no less … than
前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感情色彩。
可译为：
“
正是
...
，
和
…
一样，
多达，
竟有
…
之多
”
比较：
a. His son has read no less than 50
English books.
他的儿子竟然读了
50
本英文书。
(
强调多
)
b. His son has read not less than 50
English books.
他的儿子读了不少于
50
本英文书。
(
客观述，不强调多或少
)
5. hardly more than
用来表示
“
仅仅
”
< br>。
Eg. The little man was
hardly more than one meter fifty high.
这个小个子男人仅有
1.5
米高
.
6.
在
more … than
结构中，
than
有时可看作关系代词，相当于
than
what…
Eg. There ought to be
less anxiety over the risk of getting cancer than
exists in the public mind today.
(Than = than what…)
人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌症
61. The research requires more money
than ________. (2007)
A. have been put in
B. has been put
in
C. being
put in
D. to be put in
7. no other
than
只有，正是。它常用来加强语气，多用于书面语。
Eg. The murderer turned out to be no
other person than the inspector himself.
结果是，那个杀人犯不是别人，正是巡官自己。
8. no better than
和
……
一样，实际上等于
(practically the
same as)
Eg.A man who cannot
read and write is no better than the blind.
不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。
9.
No sooner than:
60. The couple had no
sooner got to the station _____ the coach left.
(2009)
A. when
B. as
C. until
D.
than
10. most
大多数的意思
; most
of
某个围中的大多数。
11
. better …than
与其说
……
倒不如说。
Eg. Certain programs work better for
some than for others.
某些项目对有些人来说效果不错对其他人来说则不然。
12
. more likely … than
比较结构
are few
electronic applications more likely to raise fears
regarding future
很少有电子应用软件能
够像机器人那样引起人们对未来就业机会的担忧。
13
.
other than
意思是：不同于，除
……
之外；
rather than
意思是：而不是。
隐含比较级：
inferior,
superior, senior, junior, prior +to
1) prior to
较早的，较重要的
The task is prior to all
others.
这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。
2) superior
to
优越，高于
In math he felt superior to
John.
他觉得自己数学比约翰强。
3) inferior to
下等的，次的
4) senior
to
年长的，地位高的；
junior
年幼的，地位低的，迟的
He is two years senior to me.
他比我大两岁。
5
）
preferable to
更好的
Health
without riches is preferable to riches without
health.
贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。
6) prefer…to
更倾向于
…
prefer doing sth to doing
sth
prefer to
do rather than do
真题总汇
(1994-2015)
52. Mary is
hardworking than her sister, but she
failed in the exam.
(2015)
A.
no so
B. no more
C. not less
D.
no less
55.
It
is
not
so
much
the
language
the
cultural
background
that
makes
the
film
difficult
to
understand.
(2015)
A. but
B. nor
C.
like
D.
as
62. Which
of the following italicized parts modifies an
adverb?
(2014)
A. I
rather
like
my teacher.
B.
That was a
very
funny film.
C.
Do it
right
now.
D.
We walked
about
6 miles.
56
．
Which of the
following sentences is INCORRECT?
（
2012
）
A
．
How strange
feelings they are!
B
．
How
dare you speak to me like that!
C
．
What noise they
are making!
D.
What a mess we are in!
56.
Which of the following italicized phrases is
INCORRECT?
（
2011
）
A. The city is now
ten times
its original size
.
B.
I wish I had
two times his
strength
.
C. The seller
asked for
double the usual
price
.
D. They come here
four times every year
.
57. It is not so much the language
the
cultural
background
that
makes
the
book
difficult
to
understand.
(2011)
A.
as
B. nor
C. but
D. like
53. He feels that he is not yet ____ to
travel abroad.
（
2010
）
A.
too strong
B. enough strong
C. so strong
D.
strong enough
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