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Chapter 1
Introduction
·
What is the
English Stylistics
？
It
is
a
science
that
deals
with
the
research
for
a
wide
variety
of
the
styles
of
written and oral English in English
language.
·
What are language functions?
a) To deliver some infor to other
people
b) To communicate with each
other in society
·
How do we
express ourselves in a proper way?
Several factors do work.
a)
Phonetics
b)
Vocabulary
c)
Grammar
d)
Some knowledge
concerning English stylistics
·
The correctness in using
the language can not replace the appropriateness
in language
communication. Why?
Four examples:
a)
“ Hello ” and “ Hi ”
b) “
Assist me! Assist me! ” and “ Aid! Aid! ”
c) “That’s all right.”
“That’s to say.” “It’s O.K..”
d) See next page
d) “ I am terribly sorry to hear that
your husband has just died, but don’t let it upset
you
too much. You’re an attractive,
young lady. I’m pretty sure it is very easy for
you to find
someone else soon. ”
·
The
effects
of
language
expressions
are
sometimes
related
to
some
non-linguistic
factors.
a) Sex ------
“ Oh, my God!
”
b) Age ------
“ Cheers! ” and “ Bye for now. ”
c) Vocation ------
“ Watch the birdie. ”
d) Received education ------
“ go to W.C. ”
e) Social station ------
“
What prompted you to apply for this job? ”
·
Why should we
learn and study English stylistics?
a)
It will help us to express ourselves in English
properly.
b)
It
will
help
us
to
know
something
about
language
features
of
a
variety
of
English
written styles.
c)
It
will
help
us
to
select
a
proper
way
for
getting
the
best
language
effects
and
attaining our communicative
purposes.
d) It will help us
to go at literary criticism.
e) It will help us to do the
translation work well.
Chapter 2
Language Description &
Stylistic Analysis
·
There
are 4 phonetic means in English:
1) stress
2) Intonation
3)
pause
4) voice quality.
·
Stress has several apparent
stylistic and grammatical functions.
(1) The first function is for
emphasis.
(2) The second
function is to change the meaning or the part of
speech of some words,
or both.
(3) The third function is
to differ some English words
(4) The
fourth function is to show someone’s surprise,
anger, fear, doubt, pleasure, etc..
·
Intonation
can
be
employed
to
express
people’s
happiness,
sadness,
certainty,
hesitation,
depression, etc. There are 5 pitches in phonetics:
(1)
The
falling
pitch
is
used
to
show
the
meaning
of
definiteness,
certainty
and
completeness.
(2) The rising pitch is employed to
show the meaning of indefiniteness, uncertainty
and
incompleteness.
(3)
The
fall-rise
pitch
is
used
to
give
people
some
encouragement
or
give
people
a
warning.
(4)
The rise-fall pitch is employed to give people a
sincere praise or to show the feeling
of shock.
(5) The level
pitch is used to give account on something
happened in the past.
·
Pause can be divided into
two.
a) voiced
pause
b) silent
pause
·
Some useful
rhetorical devices
1. Period and inversion
2.
Parallelism and antithesis
3. Climax
and anti-climax
4. Repetition
Chapter 3
Oral Style and Written
Style
·
Several occasions for
using oral style:
1. In
literary masterpieces
2. In everyday
conversation
3. In informal speeches
·
The differences between
oral communication and written communication
1. Use some gestures ( body language )
in oral communication
2. Use a
statement as a question in oral communication
3. Use some pure oral words in oral
communication
·
The comparison of language styles in
oral style and in written style
·
What can be used with oral
style?
1) slangs 2) vogue
words
3) abbreviations
4) phrasal verbs
5) idioms
·
What can be used with
written style?
1)
Scientific
English
2)
Legal
English
3)
Religious
English
4)
Formal
speech
5)
Official
documents
Chapter 4
Formal Style & Informal Style
·
Five styles were advanced
by Martin Joos in the book “ The Five Clocks
”
1)
Frozen
Style:
legal
items,
historic
literature,
the
documents
for
international
conferences,
etc.
2) Formal Style: This
style is usually used to deliver some infor on
formal occasions.
3)
Consultative Style: With this style people usually
offer some background information.
It
is usually employed in business activities.
4)
Casual
Style:
People
usually
use
it
between
friends,
acquaintances,
or
insiders.
Its
main feature is that people usually
employ ellipsis, slangs or cants with it.
5) Intimate Style: It is
usually used between husband and wife. Moreover it
is employed
in jargons sometimes.
Chapter 6
Societal
Deviation in English
·
What is societal deviation in English?
Societal
deviation
is
something
about
societal
dialects.
·
Black
English Vernacular:
(
土语
)urban black English
·
What are the reasons for
you to know Black English Vernacular?
?
(1)It
will
help
us
to
know
the
status
que
of
AE.(2)
It
will
help
to
read
some
novels
in
American
literature.
Chapter 7
Time Deviation
in English
·
Three stages of the development of
English language
1) The 1st stage is
from 449 to 1100 ( Old English ).
(The
verbs
in
Old
English
can
be
divided
into
two
categories
------
one
is
strong
verbs and another is
weak verbs. The past tense forms
of
most of weak verbs are with
the ending
-cec, -ode, or -de after the original weak verbs.)
2) The 2nd stage is from 1100 to 1500
(Middle English).
(
At that time “ hw ” in Old English became “ wh ”
and “ cw ” became “ qu ”. )
3) The 3rd stage is from 1500 to
present time (Modern English).
(There are two remarkable features in
Modern English. )
(1)There
are
many
loans
in
Modern
English.
from
Japanese/from
French/from
Latin/ from Chinese.
(2)
There are some
neologisms(
新词
) in Modern
English.
·
The
application of English archaic
words
（过时的词）
in modern times
1) In legal English
2) In religious English
3) In English poetry
4) In newspapers
·
Why use archaic words in
modern times? formal/rhyme/show-off
Chapter 8
Common
Practical Styles
·
Three
functions of English advertisements
1)
to attract readers
’
attention
2) to arose
customer interest 3) to erge customer to
take
actions
as
soon
as
possible.
·
Some features of English
advertisements
(1) More simple
sentences
(2) Less
negative
sentences ------ If people really want to express
the negative meaning
in advertisements,
they may use “ nothing ” or “ no ” instead of “
not ”.
(3) Frequent use of
present tense
(4) More and more
imperative sentences
(5)
Far more elliptical sentences
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