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“丑陋的鸭子”—美国自由轮 ugly ducklings—Liberty ship

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-08 12:55
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2021年2月8日发(作者:廓)



丑陋的海上小鸭子


”—


自由轮






ducklings



Libert y


ship






资料来源:



/


/


/


/fch/


我还把自由轮的货舱平面图和甲板平面图翻译过来了,各位争论自由轮如何装载货物的仁兄大可参考


.


附带


还找了些模型图片,可以非常清楚地 了解自由轮的总体布置。







Liberty


Ships


built


by


the


United


States


Maritime


Commission


in


World


War


II


自由轮是由美国海事委员会在二战期间负责建造的





Liberty


ship


was


the


name


given


to


the


EC2


type


ship


designed


for



construction


by


the


Un


ited


States


Maritime


Commission


in


World


War


II.


Liberty


ships,


nicknamed



ducklings


by


Preside


nt


Franklin


Delano


Roosevelt


美国海事委员会把在二战期间,以


EC2


船型为基础,专为紧急建造而设计的船只称呼为自由轮。而弗兰 克



·



罗 斯福总统为自由轮起的绰号是



丑陋的小鸭子

< br>”







The


first


of


the


2,751


Liberty


ships


was


the


SS


Patrick


Henry,


launched


on


Sept.


27,


1941,


and


built


to


a


standardized,


mass


produced


design.


The


250,000


parts


were


pre-fabricated


throughout


the


country


in


2,


500ton


sections


and


welded


together


in


about


70


days.


One


Liberty


ship,


the


SS


Robert


E.


Peary


was


bu


ilt


in


four


and


a


half


days.


A


Liberty


cost


under


$$2,000,000.



组装自由轮的预制构件



2751


艘自由轮的首船


SS


Patrick


Henry“


帕特里 克


·


亨利号”


?



1941



9


27


日开始按照大规模生产的标


准规格建造。


总重超过


2500


吨的< /p>


250



000


个预制构件在大约


70


天内从遍布全国的各个生产厂被运送到船


厂中焊接起来。



罗伯特


·


皮尔里



号自由轮甚至在


4


天半内建造完成。


1


艘自由轮的造价在


200


万美圆以下。


(此处的


2751


艘和该文后面给出的数据:开工


2711


艘,完成


2710


艘不符,原因不明;每艘自由轮的平均


造价是


180< /p>


万美圆,后文有提及)






Liberty


ships


were


named


after


prominent


(deceased)


Americans,


starting


with


Patrick


Henry


and


the


sign


ers


of


the


Declaration


of


Independence.


18


that


were


named


for


outstanding


African-Americans.


Any


grou


p


which


raised


$$2


million


dollars


in


War


Bonds


could


suggest


a


name


for


a


Liberty


ship.


自由轮一般是用以故的美国名人名字命名,由帕特 里克


·


亨利这个美国独立宣言署名人作为首舰命名。其中


18


艘自由轮是以著名的非洲裔美国人的名字命名的。而任何团体只要 认购


200


万美圆的战争债券就可以为


1


艘自由轮提名。





Fully


assembled,


the


engine


weighs


270,000


pounds.


It


stands


19


feet


tall


and


is


21


feet


long.


The


ship's



four- bladed


propeller,


18


feet


in


diameter,


is


directly


coupled


to


the


engine,


which


is


designed


to


turn


at



a


maximum


of


76


rpm.


This


gave


Liberty


ships


a


top


speed


of


about


11


knots.


Aboard


the


BROWN


th


e


engine


is


normally


run


at


65


rpm,


which


saves


fuel


and


is


easier


on


the


engine.


This


gives


an


average



speed


of


around


10


knots.


Power


output


from


the


engine


is


2,500


horsepower.


Fuel


consumption


is


abou


t


170


barrels


(30


tons)


of


oil


per


day


at


11


knots,


giving


a


range


of


19,000


nautical


miles.


完 全装配后自由轮引擎,高


19


英尺,长


21


英尺,重达


27


万磅。自由轮的< /p>


4


叶螺旋桨直径为


18

< br>英尺,直


接连接到引擎,其设计转数为


76



/


分,这个螺旋桨转速使自由轮可以达到最高


11


节的航速。在正常情况


下,自由轮的引 擎转速为


65



/

分,在此转速下船速为


10


节,并且可以节省燃料和延长引 擎使用时间。引


擎的输出功率为


2500


马力,在使用


11


节航速航行时,每日燃料消耗为

< p>
170


桶(


30


吨),续 航力为


19000


海里。





自由轮使用的三缸往复蒸汽机


1






/small/


?|?610 × 448




自由轮使用的三缸往复蒸汽机


2






/small/


?|?610 × 455




三缸往复蒸汽机结构图







三缸往复蒸汽机工作原理





The


Liberty


was


441


feet


long


and


56


feet


wide.


Her


three-cylinder,


reciprocating


steam


engine,


fed


by


t


wo


oil-burning


boilers


produced


2,500


hp


and


a


speed


of


11


knots.


Her


5


holds


could


carry


over


9,000


t


ons


of


cargo,


plus


airplanes,


tanks,


and


locomotives


lashed


to


its


deck.


A


Liberty


could


carry


2,840


jeeps,



440


tanks,


or


230


million


rounds


of


rifle


ammunition.



Class:


EC2-S-C1


Type


Liberty


Ship


Launched:


September


27,


1942


At:


Bethlehem-Fairfield


Shipyard,


Baltimore,


Maryland


Length:


441


feet,


6


inches


Beam:57


feet


Draft:


27


feet,


9


inches


Displacement:


14,245


tons


Gross:


7,176


tons


Capacity:


8,500


long


tons


Armament:


Three


3-inch/50


caliber


guns;


one


5-inch/50


caliber


gun;


eight


20mm


guns.



Libertys


carried


a


crew


of


about


44


and


12


to


25


Naval


Armed


Guard.


Some


were


armed


with:


One


3-inch/50


caliber


bow


gun


One


4or


5-inch/50


caliber


stern


gun


Two


37


mm


bow


guns


Six


20


mm


machine


guns


or


eight


20mm


guns



/small/


?|?610 × 478




自由轮的

< br>20


毫米高射炮炮位







/small/


?|?610 × 478




3


英寸


50


倍径前主炮及船首炮组人员






自由轮技术数据:



级别:

< p>
EC2-S-C1


型自由轮



船只毛重:



7,167




标准排水量:


10,149




满载排水量:


14,245




The


Liberty


was


441


feet


long


and


56


feet


wide.


长度:


441


英尺


6


英寸(


134.5


米)


船宽:


56


英尺


10.75


英寸(


17.1


米)



吃水:


27


英尺


9.25


英寸(


8.2


米)



Her


three-cylinder,


reciprocating


steam


engine,


fed


by


two


oil-burning


boilers


produced


2,500


hp


and


a


sp


eed


of


11


knots.


推进系统:由两具


Babcock


&


Wilcox


锅炉为三缸往复蒸汽机提供蒸汽,使用重油为燃料 ,单螺旋桨,


250


0


马力

< p>


速度:


11




续航力:


19000


海里



定员:



44


(战时会额外增加


12-25


名海军武装人员)



设计载量:


8500


吨(实 际


9000


吨)



武器:


:


·



One


3


inch


bow


gun


1

< p>


3


英寸


50

< p>
倍径前主炮



·



One


4or


5


inch


stern


gun


1



4



5


英寸


50


倍径后主炮



·



Two


37


mm


bow


guns


2


37


毫米船头高射炮



·



Six


20


mm


machine


guns


6



20


毫米机关炮



·



or


eight


20


mm


machine


guns


或者


8



20


毫米机关 炮




Her


5


holds


could


carry


over


9,000


tons


of


cargo,


plus


airplanes,


tanks,


and


locomotives


lashed


to


its


de


ck.


载荷:

< br>5


个货舱(


4



1


小)可以运载超过


9000


吨货物(除


9000


吨舱载货物以外,甲板还可以另外捆绑装< /p>


载飞机、坦克、火车头等装备)




A


Liberty


could


carry


2,840


jeeps,


440


tanks,


or


230


million


rounds


of


rifle


ammunition.


每艘自由轮可以运载


2840


辆吉普车、


440


辆 坦克、


2.3


亿发步枪子弹







自由轮的尾部细节,留意其舰尾自卫火力的布置








自由轮的中部细节,大家注意舰桥前面的那一个较小的货舱








自由轮中部的后视图,可以看到其水面建筑的布置






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