-
“
丑陋的海上小鸭子
”—
自由轮
ducklings
—
Libert
y
ship
资料来源:
/
/
/
/fch/
我还把自由轮的货舱平面图和甲板平面图翻译过来了,各位争论自由轮如何装载货物的仁兄大可参考
p>
.
附带
还找了些模型图片,可以非常清楚地
了解自由轮的总体布置。
Liberty
Ships
built
by
the
United
States
Maritime
Commission
in
World
War
II
自由轮是由美国海事委员会在二战期间负责建造的
Liberty
ship
was
the
name
given
to
the
EC2
type
ship
designed
for
construction
by
the
Un
ited
States
Maritime
Commission
in
World
War
II.
Liberty
ships,
nicknamed
ducklings
by
Preside
nt
Franklin
Delano
Roosevelt
美国海事委员会把在二战期间,以
EC2
船型为基础,专为紧急建造而设计的船只称呼为自由轮。而弗兰
克
林
·
D·
罗
斯福总统为自由轮起的绰号是
“
丑陋的小鸭子
< br>”
。
The
first
of
the
2,751
Liberty
ships
was
the
SS
Patrick
Henry,
launched
on
Sept.
27,
1941,
and
built
to
a
standardized,
mass
produced
design.
The
250,000
parts
were
pre-fabricated
throughout
the
country
in
2,
500ton
sections
and
welded
together
in
about
70
days.
One
Liberty
ship,
the
SS
Robert
E.
Peary
was
bu
ilt
in
four
and
a
half
days.
A
Liberty
cost
under
$$2,000,000.
组装自由轮的预制构件
2751
艘自由轮的首船
SS
Patrick
Henry“
帕特里
克
·
亨利号”
?
于
1941
年
9
月
27
日开始按照大规模生产的标
准规格建造。
总重超过
2500
吨的<
/p>
250
,
000
个预制构件在大约
70
天内从遍布全国的各个生产厂被运送到船
厂中焊接起来。
“
罗伯特
·
皮尔里
”
号自由轮甚至在
4
天半内建造完成。
1
艘自由轮的造价在
200
万美圆以下。
(此处的
2751
艘和该文后面给出的数据:开工
p>
2711
艘,完成
2710
艘不符,原因不明;每艘自由轮的平均
造价是
180<
/p>
万美圆,后文有提及)
Liberty
ships
were
named
after
prominent
(deceased)
Americans,
starting
with
Patrick
Henry
and
the
sign
ers
of
the
Declaration
of
Independence.
18
that
were
named
for
outstanding
African-Americans.
Any
grou
p
which
raised
$$2
million
dollars
in
War
Bonds
could
suggest
a
name
for
a
Liberty
ship.
自由轮一般是用以故的美国名人名字命名,由帕特
里克
·
亨利这个美国独立宣言署名人作为首舰命名。其中
18
艘自由轮是以著名的非洲裔美国人的名字命名的。而任何团体只要
认购
200
万美圆的战争债券就可以为
1
艘自由轮提名。
Fully
assembled,
the
engine
weighs
270,000
pounds.
It
stands
19
feet
tall
and
is
21
feet
long.
The
ship's
four-
bladed
propeller,
18
feet
in
diameter,
is
directly
coupled
to
the
engine,
which
is
designed
to
turn
at
a
maximum
of
76
rpm.
This
gave
Liberty
ships
a
top
speed
of
about
11
knots.
Aboard
the
BROWN
th
e
engine
is
normally
run
at
65
rpm,
which
saves
fuel
and
is
easier
on
the
engine.
This
gives
an
average
speed
of
around
10
knots.
Power
output
from
the
engine
is
2,500
horsepower.
Fuel
consumption
is
abou
t
170
barrels
(30
tons)
of
oil
per
day
at
11
knots,
giving
a
range
of
19,000
nautical
miles.
完
全装配后自由轮引擎,高
19
英尺,长
21
英尺,重达
27
万磅。自由轮的<
/p>
4
叶螺旋桨直径为
18
< br>英尺,直
接连接到引擎,其设计转数为
76
转
/
分,这个螺旋桨转速使自由轮可以达到最高
p>
11
节的航速。在正常情况
下,自由轮的引
擎转速为
65
转
/
分,在此转速下船速为
10
节,并且可以节省燃料和延长引
擎使用时间。引
擎的输出功率为
2500
马力,在使用
11
节航速航行时,每日燃料消耗为
170
桶(
30
吨),续
航力为
19000
海里。
自由轮使用的三缸往复蒸汽机
1
/small/
?|?610 ×
448
自由轮使用的三缸往复蒸汽机
2
/small/
?|?610 ×
455
三缸往复蒸汽机结构图
三缸往复蒸汽机工作原理
The
Liberty
was
441
feet
long
and
56
feet
wide.
Her
three-cylinder,
reciprocating
steam
engine,
fed
by
t
wo
oil-burning
boilers
produced
2,500
hp
and
a
speed
of
11
knots.
Her
5
holds
could
carry
over
9,000
t
ons
of
cargo,
plus
airplanes,
tanks,
and
locomotives
lashed
to
its
deck.
A
Liberty
could
carry
2,840
jeeps,
440
tanks,
or
230
million
rounds
of
rifle
ammunition.
Class:
EC2-S-C1
Type
Liberty
Ship
Launched:
September
27,
1942
At:
Bethlehem-Fairfield
Shipyard,
Baltimore,
Maryland
Length:
441
feet,
6
inches
Beam:57
feet
Draft:
27
feet,
9
inches
Displacement:
14,245
tons
Gross:
7,176
tons
Capacity:
8,500
long
tons
Armament:
Three
3-inch/50
caliber
guns;
one
5-inch/50
caliber
gun;
eight
20mm
guns.
Libertys
carried
a
crew
of
about
44
and
12
to
25
Naval
Armed
Guard.
Some
were
armed
with:
One
3-inch/50
caliber
bow
gun
One
4or
5-inch/50
caliber
stern
gun
Two
37
mm
bow
guns
Six
20
mm
machine
guns
or
eight
20mm
guns
/small/
?|?610 ×
478
自由轮的
< br>20
毫米高射炮炮位
/small/
?|?610 ×
478
3
英寸
50
倍径前主炮及船首炮组人员
自由轮技术数据:
级别:
EC2-S-C1
型自由轮
船只毛重:
7,167
吨
标准排水量:
10,149
吨
p>
满载排水量:
14,245
吨
The
Liberty
was
441
feet
long
and
56
feet
wide.
长度:
441
英尺
6
英寸(
134.5
米)
船宽:
56
英尺
10.75
英寸(
17.1
米)
吃水:
27
英尺
9.25
英寸(
8.2
米)
Her
three-cylinder,
reciprocating
steam
engine,
fed
by
two
oil-burning
boilers
produced
2,500
hp
and
a
sp
eed
of
11
knots.
推进系统:由两具
Babcock
&
Wilcox
锅炉为三缸往复蒸汽机提供蒸汽,使用重油为燃料
,单螺旋桨,
250
0
马力
速度:
11
节
续航力:
19000
海里
定员:
44
(战时会额外增加
12-25
名海军武装人员)
设计载量:
8500
吨(实
际
9000
吨)
武器:
:
·
One
3
inch
bow
gun
1
门
3
英寸
50
倍径前主炮
·
One
4or
5
inch
stern
gun
p>
1
门
4
或
5
英寸
50
倍径后主炮
·
Two
37
mm
bow
guns
2
门
37
毫米船头高射炮
·
Six
20
mm
machine
guns
6
门
20
毫米机关炮
·
or
eight
20
mm
machine
guns
或者
p>
8
门
20
毫米机关
炮
Her
5
holds
could
carry
over
9,000
tons
of
cargo,
plus
airplanes,
tanks,
and
locomotives
lashed
to
its
de
ck.
载荷:
< br>5
个货舱(
4
大
1
小)可以运载超过
9000
吨货物(除
9000
吨舱载货物以外,甲板还可以另外捆绑装<
/p>
载飞机、坦克、火车头等装备)
A
Liberty
could
carry
2,840
jeeps,
440
tanks,
or
230
million
rounds
of
rifle
ammunition.
每艘自由轮可以运载
2840
辆吉普车、
440
辆
坦克、
2.3
亿发步枪子弹
自由轮的尾部细节,留意其舰尾自卫火力的布置
自由轮的中部细节,大家注意舰桥前面的那一个较小的货舱
自由轮中部的后视图,可以看到其水面建筑的布置
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