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2013
在职研究生班专业英语总复习
I
．
True/False Ques
tions
判断正误；每题一分，共
20
分；答题请写在答题纸上，正确的写‘
True
’；
错误的写‘
False
’
。
T
1
．
The four
contemporary functions of management are planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling.
F
2
．
Effectiveness
refers to the relationship between inputs and
outputs.
T
3.
Efficiency is
often referred to as ―doing things
right.‖
T
4.
According to the text, the goal of efficiency is
to minimize resource costs.
F
5. Only first-
line managers and employees need to be concerned
with being customer-responsive.
T
6. A distinct
purpose is important in defining an organization.
T
7.
Principles of Scientific
Management
was written by Frederick
Winslow Taylor.
F
8. The primary issue that aroused
Taylor to create a more scientific approach to
management was worker effectiveness.
F
9. General
administrative theory focuses only on managers and
administrators.
T
10. One could say that Fayol was
interested in studying macromanagement issues,
whereas Taylor was interested in
studying micromanagement issues.
T
11. Max
Weber’s bureaucracy
is a lot like scientific management.
F
12. The
qualitative approach to management has also been
labeled
operations research
or
management science.
T
13. Hugo Munsterberg was an early
advocate of the human resources approach to
management.
F
14. The Hawthorne studies
were performed at the General Motors plant
beginning in 1924.
T
15. The current dominant assumption in
management theory suggests that managers are
omnipotent.
F
16.
In
the
omnipotent
view
of
management,
much
of
an
organization’s
success
or
failure
is
due
to
forces
outside
management’s
control.
T
17. The organizational culture is a
system of shared meaning held by members that
distinguishes the organization from
other organizations.
F
18.
A
manager’s
ro
le
in
the
omnipotent
view
of
management
is
to
create
meaning
out
of
randomness,
confusion,
and
ambiguity.
T
19. An
increasing body of evidence suggests that strong
cultures are associated with high organizational
performance.
T
20. Rituals are repetitive sequences of
activities that express and reinforce the key
values of an organization.
II. Multiple-Choice
Questions
For each of the
following choose the answer that
most
completely
answers the
question. There is only
one
best answer for each question.
每小题
2
分；共
40
分，答案请
写在答题纸上。每小题只有一个正确答案。
A
1.
What are the two views of managerial impact on the
success or failure of the organization?
a.
omnipotent and symbolic
b.
omnipotent
and reflective
c.
symbolic
and interactive
d.
reflective and interactive
A
2.
Internal
constraints that restrict a manager’s decision
options _______________.
a.
exist within every organization
b.
do not exist, as all
managers can decide as they please
c.
exists only to the extent that upper
management imposes them
d.
exist only to
the extent
that followers won’t do as they are
told
B
3.
Organizational culture is
similar to an individual’s
____________
_.
a.
skills
b.
personality
c.
motivation
d.
ability
B
4. Corporate ___________ are repetitive
sequences of activities that express and reinforce
the values of the
organization, what
goals are most important, which people are
important, and which are expendable.
a.
languages
b.
rituals
c.
symbols
d.
ceremonies
A
5. Which of the following is a
fundamental contribution of scientific management?
a.
It could raise a
country’s standard of living.
b.
It provided for
management control, a basic management function.
c.
It provided the basis for
the coming rise of unionization.
d.
It led to lower overall wages, thereby
increasing organizational profitability.
B
6. One could
say that Fayol was interested in studying
___________ management issues, whereas Taylor was
interested
in studying ________
management issues.
a.
micro;
macro
b.
macro; micro
c.
micro, micro
d.
macro, macro
D
7. Which of the following is not
one of Fayol’s principles of
management?
a.
division of work
b.
unity of command
c.
discipline
d.
equality
D
8. The 14 principles of
management are associated with whom?
a.
Weber
b.
Drucker
c.
Taylor
d.
Fayol
D
9. Bureaucracy defined as a form of
organization characterized by __________________.
a.
division of
labor
b.
clearly defined hierarchy
c.
detailed rules and
regulations
d.
all
of the above
C
10. Supervisor is another name for
whom?
a.
team leaders
b.
middle managers
c.
first-line managers
d.
top managers
B
11.
Agency
head
or
plant
manager
is most likely associated with
which of the following?
a.
team leaders
b.
middle managers
c.
first-line managers
d.
top managers
B
12. The distinction between a
managerial position and a nonmanagerial position
is _______________.
a.
planning the work of others
b.
coordinating the work of
others
c.
controlling the
work of others
d.
organizing
the work of others
C
13. Effectiveness is synonymous with
_____________.
a.
cost
minimization
b.
resource
control
c.
goal attainment
d.
efficiency
C
14. In successful
organizations, ______________.
a.
low efficiency and high effectiveness
go hand in hand
b.
high
efficiency and low effectiveness go hand in hand
c.
high efficiency and high
effectiveness go hand in hand
d.
high efficiency and high equity go hand
in hand
A
15.
____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and
work activities in which managers engage as they
perform the
management functions
a.
The management process.
b.
Planning.
c.
Organizing.
d.
Directing.
D
16. _____________ was a French
industrialist who identified the basic management
functions.
a.
Weber
b.
Taylor
c.
Herzberg
d.
Fayol
C
17. Writing an organizational strategic
plan is an example of the ______________
management function.
a.
leading
b.
coordinating
c.
planning
d.
organizing
D
18. A manager resolving conflict among
organizational members is performing what
function?
a.
controlling
b.
commanding
c.
directing
d.
leading
B
19. A finance manager who reads
the
Wall Street Journal
on a
regular basis would be performing which role?
a.
figurehead
b.
monitor
c.
disseminator
d.
interpersonal
D
20. The ability to work well with other
people, both individually and in a group, use
________________.
a.
technical skills
b.
behavioral skills
c.
planning skills
d.
human skills
.III.
Translation.
Passage One
Consumer
behavior
is
influenced
by
three
factors:
cultural
(culture,
subculture,
and
social
class),
social
(reference
groups,
family,
and
social
roles
and
statuses),
personal
(age
and
stage
in
the
life
cycle;
occupation
and
economic
circumstances;
personality and self-concept; and lifestyle and
values). The four psychological processes of
motivation,
perception,
learning,
and
memory
also
influence
consumer
responses
to
marketing
stimuli.
Research
into
all
of
these
factors
provides clues as to how marketers can reach and
satisfy consumers more effectively.
The
five-stage model of the consumer buying process
consist of problem recognition, information
search, evaluation
of alternatives,
purchase decision, and postpurchase behavior. The
marketer’s job is to understand the buyer’s
behavior
at
each
stage
—
from before to after
the purchase
—and what influences are
operating. Consumers’ evaluations of a product,
based
on
attitudes
and
beliefs
acquired
through
learning
and
experience,
will
affect
their
purchase
decisions.
The
attitudes
of
others,
unanticipated
situational
factors,
and
perceived
risk
also
may
affect
the
buying
decision,
as
will
consumers’
postpurchase
satisfaction,
the
company’s
postpurchase
actions,
and
consumers’
postpurchase
use
and
disposal
of
the
product.
Satisfied
customers
will
continue
to
purchase;
dissatisfied
customers
will
stop
purchasing
the
product and may make
unfavorable remarks about it to others.
参考译文：
消费者行为受到三种因素的影响：文化因素（文化，
亚文化，和社会阶层），社会因素（参照群体，家庭，社
会角色和地位）
，个人因素（年龄、生命周期所处阶段，职业和经济状况，个性和自我观念，和生活方式及价值
< br>观）。动机、感知、学习和记忆四个心理过程也对消费者对营销刺激产生影响。有关上述各种因素所进行的 研究
对营销者如何更为有效的接近（到达）和满足消费者提供了线索。
< br>
消费者购买决策的五阶段模型包括：发现（认识）问题；信息搜索、评价可供选
择的方案、购买决策和购买后行
为。
营销者的工作就是了解购买行为的每个阶段
--
从购买之前到购
买之后
—
以及说明因素在起（产生）作用。消
< br>费者对产品的态度以及基于通过学习体验所获得的信念的评价将会对购买决策产生影响。他人的态度，预料 不到
的其他情景因素和所感知的风险也可能影响到购买决策，消费者的购买后满意度。公
司的购买后行动，和消费者
购买后对产品的使用和处置，同样也会购买产生影响。满意的
顾客会继续购买（该产品），而不满意的顾客会停
止购买特定的产品并且可能对其他顾客
发出有关产品不利的言论（口碑）。
Passag
e Two
Strong companies develop superior
technological capabilities in managing the four
core business processes: the
new-
product realization process, the inventory
management process, the order-to-remittance
process, and the customer
service
process. Managing these core processes effectively
means creating a marketing network in which the
company
works closely with all the
parties in the production and distribution
chain,
from
suppliers of raw
materials to retail
distributors.
Companies no longer compete
–
marketing networks do.
强势公司在管理四种核心业务流程造就了高超的技术能力：新产品实现上市流程，库存管理流程，
订货
-
发货
流程，以及客户服务流程。
有效管理这些核心流程意味着创立与从原材料供应商到零售分销商生产的生产分销链
条中
各方紧密合作的营销网络。公司不再进行竞争
—
竞争的是营销网
络。
Losing
profitable customers can dramatically impact a
firm
’
s profits. The cost of
attracting a new customer is
estimated
to be five times the cost of keeping a current
customer happy. Therefore, one of the
marketer
’
s main tasks is
customer retention. The key to
retaining customers is relationship marketing. To
keep customers happy, marketers can
add
financial or social benefit to products, and/or
create structural ties between themselves and
their customers. However,
marketers
should avoid retaining unprofitable customers.
失去赢利（有利可图的）顾客可能对企业的利润产生重创。吸引新顾客的成本据估算是维持现有
顾客满意的
（成本）的五倍。因此，营销者的主要任务之一就是顾客保留（留住顾客）。
留住顾客的关键在于关系营销。要
使顾客满意，营销者可以在产品上增加财务或社会方面
的利益（好处），并且
/
或创建企业与客户之间的结构性的
密切关系。然而，营销者应当避免保留非赢利的顾客。
We can see how the product
life cycle works by looking at the introduction of
instant coffee. When it was introduced,
most people did not like it as well as
stage). At one point, though, Instant
coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands
were introduced (stage of rapid
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