-
货代英语缩写
Originally, a
freight forwarder (
货运代理人
)
was a commission agent
(
委托代理人
) performing on behalf
of (
代表
…)
the
exporter/importer routine tasks such
as loading/unloading of
goods, storage of goods, arranging local
transport,
obtaining payment for his customer,
etc…
However, the expansion of international
trade and the development of
different modes of
transport over the years that followed enlarged
the scope of
his services. Today, a freight
forwarder plays an important role in
international trade and
transport. The services that a freight forwarder
renders
may
often range from routine and basic tasks such as
the booking of space or
customs clearance
(
清关
) to a comprehensive
package of services covering the
Choose the route, mode of
transport and a suitable carrier.
句子中的
:
carrier(
承运人
)
来自动词
carry(
运送
,
携带
).
它的名词是
carriage(
运输
,
运输费
).
关于这个
carriage
还可以解释运输费的情况
,
还想再言几句
:
carriage
运输费
:
例如
: carriage paid to ...
(CPT,
运费付至
…)
carriage and
Insurance Paid To ... (CIP,
运费、保险费付至
…)
carriage free
(
运费免付
)
carriage paid
(
运费已付
)
carriage forward
(
运费到付
)
freight
运输费
(
租用船只或飞机的费用
,
尤其指水路运费
:
例如
: freight
prepaid (
运费已付
)
freight collect
(
运费到付
)
句子
:
Take delivery of the goods
and issue relevant documents such as the
Forwarders’
Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’
Certificate of Transport,
etc.
句中
:
12.1
比较说明下列句词
:
(1) take delivery of the
goods and ... (
即上句
)
(2) ... and
deliver the goods to the carrier.
deliver
(
及物动词
vt.):
原意是
递送
,
交付
(
信件、包裹、货物等
)
至收件处、收件人或购货人等
< br>
上句
(2)
的意思当然就解释为
货交承运人
了
.
我们也就不难理解贸易术语
中的
D
组术语
:
delivered duty unpaid (DDU,
未完税交货
)
delivered duty paid (DDP,
完税后交货
)
的意思了
delivery (
名词
n.)
例如
: delivery note
(
交货单
)
delivery receipt
(
送货单
)
delivery order
(
提货单
,
它的缩写是
D/O)
take delivery
of = receive (
词组
phr.
解释
收到
,
接收
值得注意的是
:
deliver(y)
和
take
delivery of
意思正好向左
.
(1) Study the
provisions of the letter of credit and ...
(provision =
regulation,
稍侧重于
clause)
(2) ... and all Government regulations
...
(regulation
= provision,
稍侧重于
rule)
be applicable t
be applicable to = be able to have an
effect on sth. (
适用于
...)
transit:
transit
原意是
通过、运送、搬运
等意思
.
贸易上的解释见下例
:
transit
trade = entrepot trade
转口贸易
,
过境贸易
transit country
过境国
,
中转国
.
transit operations
运输过程
goods delayed in transit:
运输
中延误的货物
(
注意介词的搭配
)
句子
:
Arrange warehousing of the goods, if
necessary.
句中
:
例如
: bonded
warehouse
保税仓库
warehousing = storage
仓库储存
仓储费
例如
:
warehousing and storage activities
仓储作业
16.
句子
:
Draw the
consignor’s attenti
on to the need for
insurance and arrange for
the insurance of goods, if required by
the consignor.
句中
:
draw sb’s
attention t
引起某人的注意
,
相当于提醒
货物代理人要提醒发货人注意是否需要货物保险
(
意译
)
的这半句有
:
A
freight forwarder reminds the consignor to attend
to the need for
insurance ...
句子
:
Transport the
goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance,
related
documentation formalities and deliver
the goods to the carrier.
句中
:
句子
:
Pay fees and other charges including
freight.
句中
:
(1) fee
(
手续费
):
含义中有
为
获得做某事的许可或为得到某种认可而支付的费用
例如
: registration
fee (
注册费、登记费
)
membership fee
(
会费
)
(2) charge (
因服务而索取的
费用
,
与
free of charge
相对
)
含义中有
购买某种服务时按规定价目所
支付的费用
例如
: collection charge
(
托收费
)
delivery charge
(
递送费
)
additional charge =
surcharge (
附加费
)
fumigation charge
(
熏蒸费
)
charges prepaid / charges
forward (
费用预付
/
费用到
付
)
(3) expense (
花费
,<
/p>
耗费
,
开销
)
含义中有
当被认为有大量花费时
这个词不仅仅用
在金钱上
,
还
用在时间或精力的花费上
:
例如
: medical
expense (
医药费
)
living expense
(
生活费
)
注意
:
会
计
领域中使用这个词时
,
通常情况下以
复数形式出现的机会
较多
.
注意是通常情况
:
例如
:
operating expenses (
营业费用
,
经营费用
)
travelling expenses
(
差旅费
)
selling expense (
销售费用
,
没有
income taxes expense (
所得税费用
,
没有
(4) -age
(
费
,
资
)
-age
是表示抽象名词的后缀
.
没有
费、资
的说法
,
但是下列这些词有
费、资
的解释
:
例如
: postage
(
邮资
) carriage
(
运费
) storage
(
仓库费
)
句子
: Arrange for
transshipment en route if
necessary.
句中
:
transshipment:
(1)
前缀
转变、转移、转换
)
例如
:
transport, transplant (
移植
)
(2)
transhipment
的拼法是否正确呢
?
严格地来说
,
并不正规
.
例如
:
transshipment additional
(
转船附加费
)
transshipment charge
(
转船费用
)
port of transshipment
(
中转港
)
19.2 en route:
en route = on the way
(
在途中
)
这是一个单词
,
外来语
,
并非是两个单词或词组
,
后通常接
、
t
o
、
from
例如
: These
containers were en route from shanghai to Los
angeles.
句子
:
Monitor the movement of goods all the
way to the consignee through contacts
with the carrier and the
forwarders’ agents
abroad.
我们这样看就简单多了
:
Monitor the
movement of goods through contacts with the
carrier.
句子的其他部
分再一点一点添加上去
,
句意就完整了
.
21.
我们把两句句子连在一起看
:
(1) Note damages or losses,
if any, to the goods.
(2) Assist the consignor in pursuing
claims, if any, against the carrier
for loss of the goods or
for damage to them.
damage:
damage = harm or injury that causes
loss of value (
有
失
去价值
的含义
)
例如
:
damage by fire (
火损
)
damage by water
(
水损
)
damage certificate
(
残损证明书
)
damage to the goods
(
注意介词搭配
)
damaged goods
(
损坏了的货物
)
goods damaged in transit
(...
中受损的货物
)
loss: loss
这个词
,
词义很单纯
,
解释
丧失
,
灭
失
只是在字形上要把它和
下列单词区分清楚
:
lose
(
动词
)
lost ( lose
的过去式
,
过去分词
,
或其他解释的形容词
)
loss
(
名词
,
注意它的用法
: loss of the goods)
make/pursue a
claim against sb for sth (
就
.
..
向
...
提出赔偿
):
一提到
claim,
保险和法律的味道比较浓
, pursue
还有
seek
的意思
:
(1)
保险领域的
< br>索赔
索赔条款
)
notice of claim
(
索赔通知
)
(2)
法律领域的
(
根据权利所提出的
)
要求<
/p>
claim
for damage (
要求损害赔偿
)
The forwarders,
on behalf of the consignee (importer), would:
Monitor the
movement of good on behalf of the consignee when
the
consignee
controls freight (
支付运费
),
that is, the cargo.
Receive and check all relevant
documents relating to the movement of the
goods.
Take delivery
of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary,
pay the freight
cost (
支付运费
).
Arrange customs
clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges
to the
customs
and other public authorities.
Arrange transit
warehousing, if necessary.
Deliver the cleared goods to the
consignee.
Assist the consignee, if necessary, in
pursuing claims, if any, against
the carrier for the loss of
the goods or any damage to them.
Assist the consignee, if
necessary, in warehousing and distribution.
句子
:
Monitor the
movement of good on behalf of the consignee when
the
consignee
controls freight, that is, the
cargo.
句中
:
关于
货物<
/p>
的词有这么一些
,
请辨析清楚
:
(1) cargo = goods (
尤其是指船、飞机、
车辆所载的
)
货物
,
< br>运输行业的用语
.
例如
: sepcial cargoes
(
特殊货物
)
project cargoes
(
工程货物
)
container cargo
(
集装箱货物
)
general cargo
(
杂货、普通货物
)
(2) goods
这个词与
passengers
相对应
例如
: the shipment of goods
(
货物运输
)
passenger transport
(
客运
)
(3) commodity (
生活必需品
< br>,
在经济领域中解释的商品
)
例如
: household
commodity (
家庭用品
)
commodity inspection
(
商品检验
)
name of commodity =
commodity name (
品名
)
(4) merchandise
(
销售、贸易领域中所指的商品、货物
)
(5) article (
它不象前面四个词那样的解释
,
即不是指商
品或货物的总称
,
它的解释常常是
物品、物件、制品
< br>
等单件商品
)
例如
: a bamboo
article (
竹器
)
three articles of luggage
(
三件行李
)
handmade articles
(
手工制品
)
句子
:
Arrange customs clearance
and pay duties, fees and other charges to the
customs and
other public authorities.
句中
:
duty
(
税
,
税收
)
customs duty
(
海关税
)
excise duties
(
消费税
)
stamp duties
(
印花税
)
duty-free goods
(
免税商品
)
authority
和
association
(1) authority <
/p>
作为名词
,
而且以复数的形式出现时
:
例如
: the health authorities <
/p>
解释
当局、权威机构
实际上
,
以译成
机构、机关、管理局、委员
会
等比较合理
(2) association
解释
社团、协会、学会、联盟
等
例如
: China
International Freight Forwarders Association(CIFA)
International
Federation of Feight Forwarders Association
Scope of Freight Forwarding Services
Originally, a
freight forwarder (
货运代理人
)
was a commission agent
(
委托代理人
) performing on behalf
of (
代
表
…) the
exporter/importer routine tasks such
as
loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods,
arranging local transport,
obtaining payment for his
customer
, et
c…
However
, the expansion of
international trade and the development of
different modes
of transport over the years that followed enlarged
the scope of
his services. Today, a freight
forwarder plays an important role in
international trade and
transport. The services that a freight forwarder
renders
may
often range from routine and basic tasks such as
the booking of space or
customs clearance
(
清关
) to a comprehensive
package of services covering the
total transportation and
distribution process.
课文理解：
1.
核心句子：
… a freight forwarder was a
commission agent performing on behalf of
the
exporter/importer routine tasks
…
这句
句子很长
,
一段就是一句
.
不过
,
作者无非想表达这样一个意思
:
货运代理人是进出口商的委托代理人
,
提供这样
或那样的服务
.
句子显然含有一个定语从句
,
其他的结构是帮助起修饰、说明作用的
.
1.1 performing
= doing (a piece of work)
1.2 on behalf of the exporter/importer
= on exporter’s or importer’s behalf =
as
representative of exporter/importer
1.3 routine tasks (
< br>日常工作
,
日常事务
)
这里我们不能用
work
替代
task ,
其原因是
:
task:
可数名词
,
一般是指较为困难、辛苦的工作
,
正好和
routine
tasks
后面
such as
的例子统一起来
.
work:
不可数名词
,
工作的意思则较为笼统、广泛
.
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有
:
1.4 originally
= from the beginning
1.5 such as loading/unloading of goods
… = such as loading/unloading of goods
for his
customer
.
下面三个结构如同本结构
.
2.
核心句子：
… A and B
enlarged the scope
of his service.
句子中
:
A
是指
the expansion of international trade
(
国际贸易的扩大
)
B
是指
the development of different modes of
transport (
不同运输模式的发展
)
2.1 enlarge =
make or become larger
.
A and B make the scope of
freight forwarding services larger
“ en
- +
ad
j. = v. ”
是
enlarge
这个词的结构
, <
/p>
由前缀
和形容词
构成
.
“ en
-
+ adj. = v.
”
这样的例子还有
: enable, enrich
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有
:
2.2 over the years that
followed (
意译
):
在以后的几年里面
3.
句子：
Today, a freight forwarder plays an
important role in international trade and
transport.
在句子中
:
3.1 today = at the present
time,
课文里不解释今天
.
3.2 play a role:
扮演角色
,
可以引申为起着
…
的作用
.
4.
核心句子：
The
services …may often range from … to…
好像很难理解
,
我们先举一个简单的例子看看
:
price ranging from USD5 to
USD10 (
从
5
美元到
10
美元的各种价格
)
price ranging between USD5
and USD10 (5
美元到
10
美元之间的各种价格
)
range
的意思是
”
在
…
范围内变化
”,
后面的搭配可以是
from…to…,
也可以是
between…and…
于是
,
我们发现
:
例句中的
USD5 =
课文中的
routine and basic tasks
… ,
例句中的
USD10 =
课文中的
a comprehensive package
of services …
句子中其他解释的地方还有
:
4.1 routine and basic tasks
such as the booking of space or customs clearance
the booking of
space (
舱位的预订
)
customs clearance
(
海关清结关
)
4.2 a comprehensive package
of services …
a package of (
意译
:
一揽子
) package
有的时候具
有比喻的意味和用法
,
课文中的
情况就是这样
.
comprehensive
(
综合性的、广泛的、全面的、详尽的
)
,
看来这个短语应该翻译
成
综合性的
一揽子服务方案
比较妥帖
.
4.3 The
services that a freight forwarder renders
render
(
及物动词
) = offer
,
provide.
这是一句定语从句
.
说明提供这些订舱、
报关、全程运输、分拨等服务的来源
4.4 … covering the total
…
cover = include, consist of, take into
account
(
包括
,
涉及
,
可以引申为
< br>
关于
解
,
相当于
about )
4.5 the total
transportation and distribution process
上面课文中有这样一个结构
: …in
international trade and transport,
那么
transport
和
transportation
有何区别呢
?
实际上是一样的
,
< br>我们也可以说成
…in international trade and
transportation
或
the total transport and … <
/p>
文章中这样安排的原因
,
我认为只是为了
保持前后结构
< br>统一
(
参见
and
前后的下划线
).
如果硬要把它们加以区别
,
其答案是
: transportation
是美国人常用的词汇
,
而
transport
则是英国人常用的词汇
5.
段落小结：
第一、第二两个自然段是本文的第一层意思
:
我们注意到了这样一些副词：
originally......however
......t
oday......
通过这些副词的贯穿，我们了解了
Unl
ess
the
consignor(
发货人
),
the person sending goods, or the
consignee(
收货人
), the person
receiving goods, wants to attend
to any
of the procedural and documentary formalities
himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who
undertakes on his
behalf to process the
movement of goods through the various stages
involved. The freight forwarder may provide
these services directly or through
subcontractors or other agencies employed by him.
He is also expected to utilize, in
this
connection, the services of his overseas agents.
Briefly, these services are:
6.1 unless
一句我们可以先简化成
:
Unless the consignor wants
to attend to formalities himself, …
= If the
consignor does not attend to formalities himself,
…
6.1.1
只有当
unless
解释成
“
如果不
”
的时候
,
它才可以和
if not
互换句型
.
因此
,
我们不能随随便便地把
unless
翻译成
“
除非
”
或者
“
如果不
”
6.1.2 attend
(1)
及物动词
.
解释
“
出席
,
参加
”
例如
: attend a meeting
(2)
不及物动词
,
介词的固定搭配往往是
to.
解释
“
注意
,
专心
,
专注
”
例如
: attend to
one’s work
(3)
其名词形式
.
attention
例如
: pay attention
to
(4)
其形容词形式
. attentive
介词的搭配还是
to
6.1.3 the
procedural and documentary formalities
(1) the procedural
formalities (
程序上的手续
)
procedural
形容词
,
“
程序上的
”
procedure
名词
, “
程序
,
步骤
,
过程
”
(2) the documentary formalities
(
单证上的手续
)
documentary
形容词
,
“
单证上的
”
documentary
一词在金融、贸易领域用得比较多
,
例如
: documentary
draft (
跟单汇票
)
document
名词或动词
,
“
单证
,
为
......
提供单证
”
(3) formality
(
正式的手续
,
通常用名词的复数形式表示
)
the customs formalities
(
海关手续
)
go through due formalities
(
经过正式手续
)
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有
:
6.1.4
句末的
himself
解释
“
亲自
”,
有强调主语或突出主语行为的作用
.
我们可以这样理解
:
如果发货人或收货人不想自己亲自去办理那些
繁杂手续的话
…
6.2 it is
......
一句我们可以先简化成
:
... it is the
freight forwarder who undertakes to process the
movement
of
goods...
6.2.1
it + be +
被强调成分
+
that / who ...
是强调结构
所谓强调结构就是句子当中要特别强调
被强调成分
这里特别强调
the
freight forwarder
,
字面翻译也往往加上
“
正是
,
就是
”
6.2.2
undertake to do sth. = agree to do sth. = promise
sb sth.
6.2.3
process
这里
,
我们和这个<
/p>
process
打交道不是头一回了
:
(1) process
名词
.
process = series of operations
deliberately unertaken
例如
: distribution process
(2) process
动词
.
process = to prepare and examine in
details
例如
: process the movement of
goods
我们注意到不管这个
process
解释
程序
也好
,
还是解释
准备
,
处置
<
/p>
也罢
,
在它的英文解释中都含有审慎的意思
.
有的时候中文也有言不达意的地方
.
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有
:
... through the
various stages involved.
6.2.4 the various stages = a different
period / part in a course of action
6.2.5 involve
在做动词时有许多解释
:
(1)
使
...
陷入
,
拖累
(2)
包围
,
笼罩
(3)
包括
,
包含
,
含有
:
我以为第三个含义比较符合课文中的意思
7.
句子
:
The freight forwarder may provide these
services directly or through
subcontractors or other
agencies employed by him.
在句子中
:
7.1
我们知道
contract
是合同的意思
,
其
:
后缀
-or :
< br>执行或做出
...
的人或物
,
contractor
是指订约人或承包人
.
前缀
sub- : sub-
也有很多意思
有
的意思
,
我们最熟悉的
submarine
(
潜水艇
)
subway(
地铁
)
有附属的、次要、分、支的意思
,
如课文中的
subcontract
分包合同
,
转包合同
(
把承包的工作一部分或全部转包
给第三者而签订的合同
)
subcontractor
承约
人
,
转包商
,
次承包者
subagent
副代理人
subcontinent
次大陆
subsonic
亚音速
subroutine
子程序
7.2
关于这个
through :
前句中
: ... through the various
stages involved.
这个
through = from
the beginning to the end of
自始至终
<
/p>
的意味浓烈
(
尤指时间、过程
)
本句中
:
... through subcontractors or other agencies
empolyed by him.
这个
through
是比较常见的用法
,
through = by means of / by
way of (
指方法、手段
)
through = as a result of,
because of (
指原因、理由
)
8.
句子
:
He is also expected to utilize, in this
connection, the services of his
overseas agents.
在句子中
:
8.1 utilize = make use of,
find a use for
动词
其名词有两个
: utility (
实用
,
效用
)
utilization (
利用
)
其形容词
: utilizable
9.
这些
his
到底指谁
?
(1) it is usually the
freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf
......
his =
consignor''''''''''''''''s or
consignee''''''''''''''''s
(2) ... through subcontractor or other
agencies employed by him.
him = a freight forwarder
(3) He is also expected to
utilize,...
He
= a freight forwarder
(4) ... in this connection, the
services of his overseas agents.
his = a freight
forwarder''''''''''''''''s
10.
句子
: Briefly,
these services are:
在句子中
:
briefly =
shortly, in a few words
是
简略地说
,
简概地
说
的意思货运代理人的概念，并通过货运代理服务范围的
演变，对其服务范围基本上有了一个大概的印象
. The
forwarders, on behalf of the consignor ( exporter
), would:
Choose the route, mode of transport and
a suitable carrier
.
Book space with the
selected carrier
.
Take delivery of the goods
and issue relevant documents such as the
Forwarders’
Certificate of Receipt
(
货运代理收货证书
), the Forwarders’
Certificate of
Transport
(
货运代理运输证书
), etc.
Study the provisions of the
letter of credit (
信用证
) and
all Government
regulations applicable to the shipment
of goods in the country of export,
the country of import, as
well as any transit country; he would also prepare
all the
necessary documents.
Pack the goods, taking into account the
route, the mode of transport, the
nature of the goods and
applicable regulations, if any, in the country of
export, transit
countries and country of destination.
Arrange warehousing of the
goods, if necessary.
Weigh and measure the goods.
Draw the
consignor’s attention to the need for
insurance and arrange for the
insurance of
goods, if required by the consignor
.
Transport the
goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance,
related
documentation formalities and deliver
the goods to the carrier
.
Attend to foreign exchange
transactions (
外汇交易
), if any.
Pay fees and
other charges including freight.
Obtain the signed bills of
lading (
提单
) from the carrier
and
arrange
delivery to the consignor
.
Arrange for transshipment (
转载
,
转运
)
en route if necessary.
Monitor the movement of goods all the
way to the consignee through contacts
with the carrier and the
forwarders’ agents abroad.
Note damages or losses, if
any, to the goods.
Assist the consignor in pursuing
claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of
the goods or
for damage to them.
11.
句子
:
Choose the
route, mode of transport and a suitable
carrier
.
句子中的
:
carrier(
承运人
)
来自动词
carry(
运送
,
携带
).
它的名词是
carriage(
运输
,
运输费
).
关于这个
carriage
还可以解释运输费的情况
,
还想再言几句
:
carriage
运输费
:
例如
: carriage paid to ...
(CPT
,
运费付至
…)
carriage and
Insurance Paid To ... (CIP
,
运费、保险费付至
…)
carriage free
(
运费免付
)
carriage paid
(
运费已付
)
carriage forward
(
运费到付
)
freight
运输费
(
租用船只或飞机的费用
,
尤其指水路运费
:
例如
: freight
prepaid (
运费已付
)
freight collect
(
运费到付
)
12.
句子
:
Take delivery of the goods and issue
relevant documents such as the
Forwarders’ Certificate of
Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of
Transport,
etc.
句中
:
12.1
比较说明下列句词
:
(1) take delivery of the
goods and ... (
即上句
)
(2) ... and
deliver the goods to the carrier
.
(
课本第
2
页第
8
行
)
deliver (
及物动词
vt.):
原意是
递送
,
交付
(
信件、包裹、货物等
)
至收件处、收件人或购货人等
< br>
上句
(2)
的意思当然就解释为
货交承运人
了
.
我们也就不难理解贸易术语
中的
D
组术语
:
delivered duty unpaid (DDU,
未完税交货
)
delivered duty paid
(DDP
,
完税后交货
)
的意思了
delivery (
名词
n.)
例如
: delivery note
(
交货单
)
delivery receipt
(
送货单
)
delivery order
(
提货单
,
它的缩写是
D/O)
take delivery
of = receive (
词组
phr
.
解释
收到
,
接收
值得注意的是
: deliver(y)
和
take delivery
of
意思正好向左
.
我们再来关注下面的句子，看看这些字词在应用上是否有点启
发？
这些句子都是课文和练习当中的喔
,
没有想到吧
,
好好找找吧
.
还有
多多关注介词搭配
:
(1) Obtain the bill of
lading and arrange delivery to the
consignor
.
(2) Transport the goods to the port,
arrange for customs clearance,
deliver the goods to the
carrier
(3) The
freight forwarder may take delivery of the goods
from the
carrier
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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