语言学期末复习题

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题

Chapter 1

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time

and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?

A. Transferability

B. Duality

C. Displacement

D. Arbitrariness

the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?

—

A nice day, isn’t it?

—

Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.

A. Emotive

B. Phatic

C. Performative

D. Interpersonal

II.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

18.

A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time is an exa

mple of the diachronic study of

language.

19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.

20. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.

III. Fill in the blanks. (10%)

ge, broadly speaking, is a means of __________ communication.

any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable

sentences

based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed __________.

23. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is __________.

24. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the

__________

theory.

IV

. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

1. Design feature

2. Displacement

V

. Answer the following questions. (20%)

35. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what

language will be if it has no such design feature?

Chapter 2

Speech Sounds

tionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /).

A. allophone

B. phone

C. phoneme

D. morpheme

3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme.

A. analogues

B. tagmemes

C. morphemes

D. allophones

8. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?

A. [n]

B. [m]

C. [ b ]

D. [p]

kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?

A. V

oiceless

B. V

oiced

C. Glottal stop

D. Consonant

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

14.[p] is a voiced bilabial stop.

16. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.

20. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather

than the onset.

1

III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)

qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the __________ and the lips.

element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth.

A second element is the __________ to which that part of the tongue is raised.

ants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without __________.

28. __________ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors.

29. __________ is the smallest linguistic unit.

30. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the

________ coming from the lungs.

IV

. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

31. Sound assimilation

34. Distinctive features

V

. Answer the following questions. (20%)

are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?

Chapter 3 Lexicon

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.

A. lexical words

B. grammatical words

C. function words

D. form words

2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.

A. inflectional

B. free

C. bound

D. derivational

4. In English

–

ise and

–

tion are called __________.

A. prefixes

B. suffixes

C. infixes

D. stems

word TB is formed in the way of __________.

A. acronymy

B. clipping

C. initialism

D. blending

stem of disagreements is __________.

A. agreement

B. agree

C. disagree

D. disagreement

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

refers to the part of the word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.

sion from noun to verb is the most productive process of a word.

most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of morphemes.

in the blanks. (20%)

25. A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to __________ class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs,

adjectives and adverbs belongs to __________ class.

morphemes are classified into two types: __________ and __________.

IV

.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

ng

rph

-class word

V

. Answer the following questions. (20%)

many types of morphemes are there in the English language? What are they?

（厦门大学，

2003

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Chapter 4

Syntax

2