高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破二：阅读理解专题之文章出处及文体类型题

专题

2

阅读理解专 题之

----

文章出处及文体类型题

【设问

形式】

判断文章出处及文体类型题常见设问形式：

1

）

The passage is most likely to be taken from______.

2

）

Where would this passage most probably appear?

3

）

The passage is most likely a part of______.

4

）

Where does this text probably come from?

5

）

What type of writing is this text?

【考查方式】

高考阅读理解文章出处的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章的内容的理解及对各种文章出处的 特点和常识，对

文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。几乎所有话题都有可能涉及文章出处 、文章类别的的阅读题目。

解答文 章出处和文体类型题主要从文章的体裁和题材内容来作出判断。考生需要在理解文章的基础上去了

解各种出处的特点，以便结合文章的内容、关键词作出准确的判断。首先注意常见的出处类型的特点：如

①新闻报道

(newspaper)

的 首段通常为导语，

包括人物、

时间、

地 点或事件等；

②科普类杂志

(science magazin e)

或科普类说明文常会出现

scientists have found; the research/study shows that...

等表明实验结果的句子；杂志

的文章更为丰富，话题更具体，语言比较轻松活泼；③广告

(advertisement)

的用词和格式特殊，很好辨认 ，

广告可能会谈到某产品的特色、价格等，会透露出鼓励读者去了解和购买的信息。④产 品说明，器皿、设

备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，

而药 品的服用说明会有服用时间、

次数、

用量等。

< br>⑤研究报告

(report),

语言严肃认真，文章往往 保护具体的数据或事实依据，实际情况等。⑥课本教材

(textbook),

会使用教化性的

语言，

说理讲解味较为浓厚，< /p>

对阅读对象的指向性很明确。

⑦传记

(b iography):

历史性强，

时间线索比较明显

⑧科幻小说

(scienc e fiction):

内容多为对某些尚未出现或发现的科学发明等进行想象和

预测。⑨旅行指南

(travel guide/guide book):

给旅游者提供一些旅游信息，介绍当地的一些好去处，如：餐

⑩网站

< br>(

website

)

内容广泛， 文章常出现

click

等网络用语。

实战演练

【例题】

1. 2013

全国

1

B

篇

They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (

警觉

)

。

Twent y

centimeters

from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A

researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards

change from one to the other,her gaze(

凝视

) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is

presented. Her gaze returns

；

she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the

number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two,

shows the same return of interest when the number of spots s it is just the newness? When

slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the

number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects it be the pattern that two

things make,as opposed to three? No paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen

when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between

who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when

they heard just two; likewise(

同样地

) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

does this text probably come from?

e fiction.

en

’

s literature.

advertisement.

D.A science report.

解析：文章主要讲 通过研究人员的实验，来证明婴儿具备感知数量的能力。根据题材内容判

读符合研究报告 的特点，所以选

D

【举一反三】

A

There was a lot of news related to artificial intelligence, or AI, and machine learning. Among the stories were

two dealing with direct competitions between humans and machines.

In one competition, machines that used AI performed better than human beings in a high-level reading test.

Two natural language processing tools beat human in the experiment. One of the tools was built by the American

technology company Microsoft. The other was created by Chinese online seller Alibaba Group.

In another competition, a computer took on humans in live, public debates. The event demonstrated how

AI-powered computers are increasingly being developed to think and sound like humans. The organizer of the

debates, U. S. technology company IBM, announced split results. It said a majority of those watching said they felt

the machine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject. But, the human got more praise for

communicating their ideas.

This year, we also explored the many ways AI and machine learning are now being used. For example, some

U. S. judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when, and for how long, criminals should be jailed.

The system uses computers to examine data from thousands of court cases.

One fast-growing area of AI is facial recognition, which is increasingly being used for security purposes.

Recently, Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson airport became the first in the U. s. to permit passengers to use facial

recognition technology to get on flights. A Chinese company showed off an AI system it developed to recognize

individuals by body shape and walking movements. The system is already being used by Chinese police in Beijing

and Shanghai.

In addition, machine learning was used during 2018 to predict results of the World Cup soccer competition.

The technology also created artwork that sold for a large amount of money. And it is being used to help farmer save

time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals. Other technology systems are being used to

follow farm animals and wildlife to collect information on their activities.

1. Why were the two competitions mentioned in the passage?

A. To show how much better AI and machine learning are than humans.

B. To prove AI and machine Learning got more praise for communication.

C. To show how powerful AI and machine Learning are.

D. To prove AI and machine learning have been used in the work of U. S. judges.

2. What are facial and body recognition systems used for in the passage?

A. Knowledge learning.

B. Safety control.

C. Office automation.

D. Tracking survey.

3. What can we infer from this passage?

A. AI has been widely used in every person's daily life.

B. Human can be replaced by AI in future completely.

C. More attention is being paid to AI in every part of the world.