托福总结

是明尼苏达大学女孩和女性体育运动塔克研究中心的副主任。她

表示，这 些新的研究非常重要，因为长期来看展现出了一种趋势。然而，她表示，

Title N ine

的生效为女

孩入主运动场提供机会已经接近

40

年，参加体育运动队的男生仍然远远多于女生。

News jargon

The BBC's Clare Arthurs talks about the use of jargon in the news and news reporting.

The BBC World Service newsroom as a general rule tries to avoid using journalese or jargon

on air - that

’

s jargon for a broadcast. We know that radio works best when we can get close

to our listeners. We try not to distance ourselves by using strange technical terms. At the

same time, we share the excitement of broadcasting with our audiences. We like to tell our

listeners when we

’

re interviewing someone who's where breaking news is happening, or that

we have an interview in real time, with an important or interesting figure. Some of the

expressions you'll hear on air include: on the line; that's somebody on a telephone on the

ground; that's at the location of the news story, and news to hand; that means a story which

we've just found out about.

You might also hear: joining us live; that's an interview which is in real time, not pre-recorded

coming up; one or two items which you

?

ll hear later in the programme; headlines; a summary

of the major stories clip or audio; that's a short item which has been recorded on tape or

computer a report or a despatch is written and delivered by a journalist or reporter.

But when is a reporter, a correspondent? There

?

s a hierarchy in titles from journalist, to

reporter, editor and correspondent. Acorrespondent is a reporter who

’

s usually based

overseas, away from the headquarters of the news organisation. They have a particular area

to cover, a field. Acorrespondent has status and seniority and it

’

s a title many journalists

aspire to.

One- hour blackout to go green

This Saturday night at 8:30, all the lights will be shut off at the Tokyo Tower in Japan. The

Brandenburg Gate in Berlin and the Eiffel Tower in Paris are also expected to go dark. So is

the Empire State Building in New York and buildings in other cities around the world.

The lights will stay off for one hour for an event called Earth Hour. The observance is

organized by a conservation group, the World Wide Fund for Nature, also known as the World

Wildlife Fund. For the fourth year, people are being urged to turn off their lights for one hour

to call attention to the issue of climate change. The group says climate change is one of the

greatest threats facing wildlife and nature. The first Earth Hour was held in 2007 in Sydney,

Australia. Organizers said more than 2,000 businesses and two million people took part.

Since then, Earth Hour has grown into an international event. People in more than 4,000

cities in 88 countries took part last year. Organizers say more than 100 countries and

territories have promised their official support this year. This will be the first Earth Hour for

countries including Kuwait, Qatar, Kosovo, Madagascar, Nepal, Cambodia and Panama.

At least 19 of the 50 American states are planning to take part in the 2010 Earth Hour

observance. The event organizers recently announced that one of the latest states to join was

Missouri. Governor Jay Nixon has agreed to shut off the lights in the dome of the state capitol

building. He says when it comes to saving energy and money, big changes start with small

steps like turning out the lights. Will you be turning off your lights this Saturday night to

observe Earth Hour? Do you think about what the organizers call your

footprint,

Here is a chance to practice your English. Go to to comment on this

story and other programs. You can share your thoughts and read what other people are

saying. You can also find transcripts, MP3s, podcasts and captioned videos. And you can sign

up to get a verb phrase of the day by SMS. The service is free but standard message rates

may apply.

Unit10

Banks Recover, But the Economy Struggles in 2009

Two thousand nine may be remembered as the year the world avoided an economic

depression In the United States, stock prices sank to their lowest levels in March. But stocks

recovered strongly for the year.

The S & P Five Hundred index gained over twenty

percent--its largest increase in six years.

As two thousand nine ended, the nation's biggest

banks rushed to repay money from the Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP.

问题（不良）

资产救助计划

In October of two thousand eight, Congress approved up to seven hundred billion

dollars to rescue the financial industry. Last month, the United States Treasury announced

that Wells Fargo and Citibank

花旗

had repaid forty-five billion dollars. They joined Goldman

Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Morgan Stanley and Bank of America in returning government aid

In June, the Treasury permitted the ten largest banks to return their rescue money and

withdraw from TARP. This let banks escape government restrictions on pay for top officials.

Now, the government holds a large ownership share in only one big bank, Citigroup.

The

Treasury says it expects banks to repay one hundred seventy-five billion dollars of TARP

money this year.

The American car industry also had big problems in two thousand nine.

Chrysler and General Motors sought bankruptcy protection from their creditors.

债权人

(Cre ditors)

The restructured companies may still need government aid, which has already

reached over sixty billion dollars. But a government program that paid Americans to trade in

old vehicles for new, fuel-saving models increased car sales in the summer

. The Ford Motor

Company refused government aid and is working to become profitable again by two thousand

eleven. And there are signs that the industry is starting to recover. However, the housing

market continued to suffer its worst downturn in generations. Mortgage financer

金融家

Fannie

Mae

房利美

(Fannie Mae) reports that payments on five percent of its single-family home loans

are late. The ten percent unemployment rate has meant that many people are struggling with

their house payments. Still, consumer confidence grew in December.

Experts say Americans

were feeling better about the job market and the economy. Growth in the United States is

expected to reach about two and a half percent in two thousand ten. The S & P Five Hundred

index

标准普尔

500

指数（

S&P 500

，

Standard & Poor's 500 in dex

），又译为史坦普

500

指数< /p>

.

China's economy is growing

China's latest economic data suggests the recovery there is gaining momentum. Industrial

output exceeded the expectations of many analysts in November. Retail sales and investment

also showed solid growth. Chris Hogg reports from Beijing: China's economy has recovered

earlier and more strongly than any other. This latest data is further evidence of that trend.

The rise in industrial output confirms what factory owners have been saying for some time

now, that customers have been restocking their inventories and confidence is returning.

There are still question marks though over the stability of the recovery. The property sector

is showing signs of overheating. The government this week announced measures to try to

cool it. At the same time officials decided to extend tax subsidies for purchases of small

vehicles and appliances suggesting that some here still believe Chinese manufacturers need

government support. Growth was strongest in heavy industries such as coal, steel, power

generation and. automobiles. Consumer prices rose in November for the first time since

February. But the rise was small and probably reflected higher food prices caused by early

snowstorms which destroyed crops and disrupted transport.

Obama to soon sign major health care reform

It was a close victory for President Obama, but a victory nonetheless.

undue influences of special interests,

to fear. Instead, we proved we are still a people capable of doing big things.

young presidency on the outcome of this vote. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi made a final pitch

for the bill, saying the president's economic agenda is at stake.

on behalf of America's family budget and on behalf of the federal budget is to pass health care

reform,

medical costs, Democrats said the goal was to provide access to affordable coverage for as

many Americans as possible. Republicans stood united in opposition to the legislation,

claiming it would increase the national debt, and put the government in firm control of the

health care the debate came to a close, House Minority leader John Boehner issued

a warning.

will our our constituents. The passions at play were evident both inside and outside the House

chamber. Protesters gathered on the Capitol lawn during the debate, yelling in an attempt to

make their own voices heard. There was anger from a woman from the state of Georgia.

voice of a man from Missouri.

us into oblivion is not the way to do it.

- a veteran of the civil rights movement - stood in the shadow of the Capital as a witness to

history.

system,

outnumbered by the opponents. But they could sense a legislative victory.

said.

books...but not the end of the story. While the health care bill has cleared Congress, the

Senate must still sign-off on a series of changes approved by the House. Senators are

expected to act this week. undue influence:

不正当影响

sign-off:

签署同意

A question from Sophal in Cambodia:

What is the difference between the words pain, ill, ache, sick and hurt? Amy Lightfoot

answers: Hello Sophal. I can see how you would easily confuse these words as they have

quite similar meanings and uses, and to make it even more interesting, one of the words can

be used

differently in British English and American English. Let?s have a look at them.

PAIN and ACHE. Both of these words are most commonly used as nouns. They refer to

unpleasant sensations that you feel in your body, although they are slightly different feelings.

A pain is usually used to refer to a kind of sharp discomfort that is difficult to ignore. For

example: Yesterday I suddenly felt a lot of pain in my stomach. I was taken to hospital where

they discovered I had appendicitis. Ache is similar to pain, but it usually is used to refer to a

duller kind of discomfort that may continue for longer than a pain might. Common examples

are: Headache, stomach ache, backache, heart ache. Note that heartache is used to refer to

a kind of emotional pain, for example if you are in love with someone and they are not

treating you well you can say He is causing me a lot of heartache. Less commonly, both pain

and ache can be used as verbs. Pain in this form means to cause someone unhappiness. Note

that you cannot use pain in the progressive or continuous form in standard UK or US English.

It pains me to think of you being so unhappy with your life

–

meaning it makes me feel

unhappy that you are so sad. You can also use ache as a verb. Unlike pain, ache can be used

in the progressive form. For example: My back is really aching. I wish my leg would stop

hurting, it really aches.

Interestingly, you can also use the expression ?aches and pains? to

refer to a general feeling of

being unwell. Now let?s have a look at sick and ill.

SICK and ILL: Both of these words are most commonly used as adjectives as in: I feel sick.

Ed had to leave school early because he was ill. In American English, these two words have

more or less the same meaning

–

they refer to a feeling of being unwell, whatever the

problem might be. On the other hand, in British English, they have more distinct meanings.

Sick most commonly refers to feeling as if you are going to vomit, as in: I think

I?m going to

be sick.

…while ill refers to any other feeling of being unwell. However, there are some

phrases which are commonly used where sick has a more general meaning. For example:

I?ve been off sick for ten days. –

meaning I haven?t been to work/sch

ool for ten days because

I?ve been feeling unwell.

Sick can also be used as a noun to refer to vomit. For example:

If you have children, you can be sure that you will have to clear up some sick at least once

during their childhood.

HURT: Hurt is a little bit different to the others in that it is commonly used as a verb and an

adjective and, less commonly, as a noun. Of the above words, hurt is probably most similar

to pain and ache and it can also mean the same as injure or injured. The key difference

between hurt and pain and ache is that usually if you are hurt, it means the discomfort you

experience is clearly caused by something outside of yourself. However, pain and ache

suggest a more internal reason for the unpleasant physical feeling. Here are two examples:

Be careful on that ladder, you might hurt yourself if you fall

–

used as a verb. He was badly

hurt in the train crash

–

used as an adjective.

When it?s used as a noun, hurt usually refers to

some emotional pain. For example: When he told her he wanted a divorce she could hear a lot

of hurt in his voice. As you can see, the five words we have discussed here are similar in their

general meaning

but are quite different in their specific use. I hope it?s bit clearer for you now

and that my explanations

haven?t hurt your head!

White House stressing job creation

A White House economic advisor says there is an

U.S. job creation and solidify a fragile economic recovery. The comment follows a

disappointing monthly unemployment report that showed continuing job losses in the United

States. Less than a year after President Barack Obama signed into law the biggest economic

stimulus package in U.S. history, the head of his Council of Economic Advisers says additional