-
难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高,无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂,它
都由一些基本的成分组成的。从结构来说,英语句子中,
除了谓语之外
,其它的成分均可以
由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。
从句子本身
是一个完整的句子,
因此,
从句与从句之间的关
系可能包孕、套嵌,也可能并列,平行。从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即
:
①名词性从
句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从
句
;
②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说
的定语从句
;
③状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态
(过去分词除外)
,也可以跟
自己的逻辑主语、宾语、
状语等成分,构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的
这些特点,使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法:去枝叶,留主干。
1
)
划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句
;
2
)划出所有介词短语(位于
be
p>
动词后的除外)
;
3
)
p>
名词性从句看作一个整体
,
找出句中所有的
谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的
引导词
;
4
)
非谓语动词结构看作一个整体;
<
/p>
5
)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干;
6
)
分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例:
经典例题(
2001
年考研完型填空第二段)
In a significant tightening of legal
controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord
Chancellor, will
introduce
a
draft
bill
that
will
propose
making
payments
to
witnesses
illegal
and
will
strictly
control the amount
of publicity that can be given to a case before a
trial begins.
分析
:
第一,
划出定语从句和状语从句
:
that will propose making payments to witnesses
illegal and will
strictly control the
amount of publicity /that can be given to a case
/before a trial begins.
第二,划出介词短语:
In a significant
tightening of legal controls over the press
第三,句子的结构分析
:
(
1
)
p>
主干结构是主语
(
Lord
Irvine
含同位语
the Lord Chancello
r
)
+
将来时谓语
(
will introduce
)
+
宾语(
a draft
bill
)
;
(
2
)
p>
that
引导的定语从句修饰
draft
bill,
其中,
will propose
是第一个谓语,
making payments
to
witnesses
ille
gal
是一个动名词短语做宾语,在动名词短语内部,
paym
ents
to
witnesses
做
making
的宾语,
illega
l
是宾补;
第二个谓语是
will
strictly control, the amount of publicity
是它
的宾语。
that can be given to
a case before a trial
begins
是孕含有一个时间状语从句(
before a
trial begins
)的定语从句,修饰
publicity
。
<
/p>
请大家按照上述步骤认真分解以下
70
个
句子,并把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过,则基本上
可以解决考研长难句问题。
1. This will be
particularly true since energy pinch will make it
difficult to continue agriculture in
the high-energy American fashion that
makes it possible to combine few farmers with high
yields.
结构分析
:
句子的主干是
This will be
particularly true…
。
since
引导原因状语从句。此从句中
又套嵌一个由关系代词
that
引导的定语从句,
修饰
t
he high-energy American fashion
。
在定语
从句中,
that
做主
语,
makes
做谓语,
it
做形式宾语,
不定式短语
to combine
few farmers with
high yields
则是真正的宾语
(不定式短语内部
to
combine
是主干,
few
farmers
是宾语,
with high
yields
是状语)
,
po
ssible
做宾语补足语。
this
指代前句中提到的这种困境。
energy pinch
译为<
/p>
“
能源的匮乏
”;in…fashi
p>
on
译为
“
用
p>
…
方法、方式
”
。
译文:
这
种困境将是确定无疑的,
因为能源的匮乏,
高能量消耗这种美国
耕种方式将很难在
农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可
能。
2. Now since
the assessment of intelligence is a comparative
matter
,
we must be sure that
the scale
with which we are comparing
our subjects provides
a“valid”or“fair”
comparison.
结构分析
:
句子的主干是
we
must
be
sure…
。
since
引导原因状语从句
the
assessment
of
intelligence is a
comparative matter
。主句中又有
that
引导的宾语从句
that the scale with
which
we are comparing our subjects
provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison
。此宾语
从句中又套嵌一个
由介词
with+which
引导的定语从句
with which we are comparing
our subjects
修饰先行词
the
scale
。
scale
在此
处意为
“
尺度、衡量标准
”
。
译文:既然对智力
的评估相比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,
我们所用的尺度
能够提供
“
有效的
”
< br>或
“
公平的
”
< br>比较。
3.
In
general
,
the
tests
work
most
effectively
when
the
qualities
to
be
measured
can
be
most
precisely
defined and least effectively when what is to be
measured or predicted can be not well
defined.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
the tests
work most effectively when…and least effectively w
hen…
。
and
连接两个并列分句,
每个并列分句中皆有一个
when
引导
的时间状语从句分别说明
work most
effecti
vely
和
and
(
< br>work
)
least
eff
ectively
。第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句
w
hat…predicted
。
the tests
是主句的主语,
work
为动词做谓语。
qualities
在此处是可数名词,
不译为
“
质量
”
,而
译为
“
特征
”
。
defined
不能直译为
“
被定义为
”
,而应译为主动语态
“
界定
”
。
译文:一般来说,当所需要测定的特征能被精确界
定时,测试最为有效
;
而当所测定或预测
的东西不能被明确界定时,测试效果最差。
4. For
example
,
they do not
compensate for gross social
inequality
,
and thus do not
tell how able
an
underprivileged
youngster
might
have
been
had
he
grown
up
under
more
favorable
circumstances.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
they do not
compensate…
,
and thus do not
tell how…
。
and
连接两个
并列分句,
第二个并列分句中由
how
引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句,
其中
p>
had he grown
up…
(
=If he had
grown up…
)是省略了连词
i
f
的非真实条件句。主句主
语的
the
y
,
在此代指上文提到的
tests;
able
在句中作
might have been
的表语。
underprivileged
在此不
能译为
“
没有特权的
”
,而译为
“
没有地位的
”
p>
或
“
物质条件差的
”
。
译文
:例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公
;
因此,它们不能说明
一个物质条件差的年轻
人,如果在较好的环境中成长的话,会有多大才干。
leads the discussion
to extremes at the outset
:
it
invites you to think that animals should be
treated either with the consideration
humans extend to other
humans
,
or with no
consideration at
all.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
It leads the discussion to
extremes at the outset: it invites you to think
p>
that…
。冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句
中
that
引导宾语从句,从句
中有<
/p>
either…or…
引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语,修饰动
词
be treated
,其中第一个
with
介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词
that
或
which
的定语从句
humans
extend
to
other
humans
,修饰
the cons
ideration
。
it
代指上文的
观点,
即如果对人权没有达成一致看法,
而谈
< br>论动物的权利是徒劳的。
介词短语
at the out
set
译为
“
从一开始
”
。
动词
invites
p>
应转译为
“
使
”<
/p>
、
“
让
”
或
“
促使
”
。动宾结构
extend
consideration
to
意
为
“
给予关怀或关心
”
,
consideration
不应
< br>译为
“
考虑
”
< br>。
译文:这种说法从一开始
就将讨论引向极端,它使人们认为应该这样对待动物
:
要么像对
人
类自身一样关怀体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。
6. But even more
important
,
it was the
farthest that scientists had been able to look
into the past
,
for what they
were seeing were the patterns and structures that
existed 15 billion years ago.
结构分
析
:
句子的框架是
it was
the farthest that…
。但
It was…t
hat…
在本句中不是强调句型。
it
是指上句中所提到的
150
亿年前形成的巨大云团
(
a strip of enormous cosmic clouds
some 15
billion light-years from earth<
/p>
)
;that
引导的应是一个定语从句,
修饰先行词
the farthest
。
for
引
导的是表示原因的分句,分句中还有
that
引导的定语从句,修饰
the
patterns and structure
。
译文:
但更重要的是,
这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象,
因为他们看
到的是
150
亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
p>
7. Thus it
happened that when the new factories that were
springing up required
labor
,
tens of
thousands
of
homeless
and
hungry
agricultural
workers
,
with
their
wives
and
children
,
were
forced into the cities in search of
work
,
and any
work
,
under any
condition
,
that would keep
them
alive.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
it
happened that…
。
it
做形式主语,
that
引导的从句做真正的主语。
主语从句中,
又有一个由
when
< br>引导的时间状语从句,
主句为
tens of
thousands of homeless and
hun
gry agricultural
workers…were
forced…
,时间状语从句中从句主语
the new f
actories
又带
有一个定语从句
that were springing up; that would keep them alive
做
work
的定语从句。
spring
up
意为
“
发生,出现,建立
”
。
译文
:
于是就出现了这样的情况
:
正当新办的工厂纷纷建立,
需要劳动力的时候,成千上万
无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口,被迫
进入城市
;
他们要找活干,不管
什么活
儿,不论什么条件,只要不被饿死就行。
8. As a result of two or three
centuries of scientific investigation we have come
to believe that
nature
is
understandable
in
the
sense
that
when
we
ask
her
questions
by
way
of
appropriate
observations and
experiments
,
she will answer
truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
…we have come to believe that…
。
that
引导的从句做
believe
的宾语从
句
;
p>
此从句中有一个
that
从句作
the
sense
的同位语从句
;
同位语从句中又套嵌一个由
when
引
导的时间状语从句
;
此时间
状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句
that
endure
,修饰其先行词
discoveries
。
p>
by way of
意为
“
经由,
通过
…
方法
”;reward sb. with
意为
“
p>
以
…
报答,
酬劳<
/p>
”;end
ure
此处应译为
“
持久,持续
”,
不要译
为
“
忍受,容忍
”
。
译文
:
由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成果,我们逐渐相信,如果运用合适的观察和实验方
法向大自然探究问题,
她会真心实意地给我们答复,
并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。
从
这个意义上
来说,大自然是可以认识的。
9.
These new observational capabilities would result
in simply a mass of details were it not for the
fact
that
theoretical
understanding
has
reached
the
stage
at
which
it
is
becoming
possible
to
indicate the kind of measurements
required for reliable weather forecasting.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
These new observational
capabilities would result in simply a mass of
details…
。
后面紧跟省略了
if
引导的虚拟条件句
we
re it not for the fact
that…
,
即
if it were
not
for the fact
that…;that
从句作
the fact
的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句,修饰其
先行词
< br>the
stage;
required
for
reliable
weather
forecasting
为过去分词短语修饰
the
kind
of
measurements
。<
/p>
simply
译为
“
只不过,仅仅
”
,不应译为
“
p>
简单地
”
。
译文:理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶段
< br>,
即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地
预报天气
。如果做不到这一点,那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。
10.
The
story
of
the
discovery
of
what
is
now
generally
called
the
principle
of
Archimedes
,
namely
that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses
a portion of its weight of the liquid it
displaces
,
has
many different versions
,
of
which the following is one.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
The
story…has many different
versions…
。
what is now
generally called
the principle of Archi
medes
为名词性从句做介词
of
的
宾语。
namely that a solid
body…
作
the
principle of
Archimedes
的同位语
;when immersed
in a liquid
是省略了主语的过去分词短语,
句子补
充完整为
when the solid body is immersed in
a liquid
,修饰其主句
a solid body
loses a
portion
of
its
weight
of
the
liquid…;it
di
splaces
是省略了关系代词
that
的定语从句修饰
the
liquid
,
it
代指前面提到的
the
solid
body;
同时,
of
which
the
following
is
one<
/p>
又构成先行词
versions
的定语从
句。
displace
意为
“
排(水)
”;version
不译为
“
版本
”
,此处指
“
根据个人观点
的(对事件等的)说法,看法
”;
句尾的
one
代指
a version
。
译文
:
当固
体浸没到液体中时,固体会失去它所排出的液体的那部分重量,这就是现在通常
所谓的阿
基米德原理。有关这一发现的故事说法众多,下面的故事就是其中之一。
11. We assumed that there
were forces of attraction between molecules which
varied rapidly with
the distance so
that the attraction between molecules that were
more than a few ten millionths of a
millimeter apart was
very
small but became considerable when the molecules
approached more
closely.
p>
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
< br>We assumed that there were forces of attraction …
。
that
引导宾语从句。
此宾语从句中套嵌一个由
which
引导的定语
从句修饰先行词
forces
of
attraction;
so
that
the
attraction
between
molecules…
是
so
that
结构引导的结果状语从句
;
在此状语从句中,除主干
结构
the
attraction…was very small but became
considerable…
,又有
that were
more than a few
ten-millionths
of
a
millimeter <
/p>
apart
做定语从句修饰先行词
mol
ecules
和
when
the
molecules
approached more cl
osely
做状语从句,
修饰
…but
became considerable
。
consider
able
译为
“
相当
< br>大(或多的)
”
。
译文:
我们曾经假定,
分子之间存在着引力,
这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的
变化,因而,在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的,但是分子靠得很近时,
这种引力会变得相当大。
12. This need is enshrined in the
concept of sustainable
development
,
which means that
we must
,
for the benefit of
coming generations
,
leave
enough environmental space so that these
generations
will be able to address
their needs and fulfill their aspirations.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
This need is enshrined in the
concept of
sustainable development…
。其
后紧跟着一个
which
< br>引导的定语从句,
修饰先行词
sustainable
development
。
此定语从句的谓
语动词
means
又套嵌一个
th
at
引导的宾语从句,即
we
must…leave
enough
environmental
space
。此宾语从句中又有
so
that
结构做此从句的目的状语。
b
e
enshrined
in
意为<
/p>
“
被深深地
珍藏(或铭记)在
…”
,此处转译为主动语态
“
纳入到
”
。
sustainabl
e development
译为
“
可
持续
发展
”
。
译文:这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中。所谓可持
续发展是指
:
为了子孙后代的
利益,我
们必须保留足够的生存环境空间,以满足他们的需要,施展抱负。
13. Painting lacks only the
means to represent movement in time and
space
,
which is the special
property of sculpture and
architecture
,
since a
painting is designed to be seen from one point at
one time
,
whereas
sculpture and architecture are created to be seen
from various points of
view
,
thus supplying
movements in space and time.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
Pain
ting lacks only
the means…,since…
。
since
引导的原因状语从句
< br>修饰主句
;
关系代词
which
引导的定语从句修饰
the
means
to
represent
movement
in
time
and
space; property
在此处应译为
“
性质
,
特性
”,
不译为
“
财产
,
资产
”
。
译文:
绘画缺少的仅仅
是表现空间与时间变化的手法,
而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性。
绘
画时
只要求在某一时刻,从空间的一点来欣赏,而雕塑和建筑的创造则要求从各个角度来
欣赏,
这样就表现出了空间,时间的变化。
14.
Once
intimidated
by
arguments
that
their
children
would
feel
more
at
home
in
bilingual
classes
,
and that
they might lose their heritage in regular
classes
,
these women have
since given
voice
,
loudly and
persuasively
,
to what they
know from experience that unless they are fluent
in
the language of their adopted
country
,
their children will
never attend college or land any but the
most menial of jobs.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
t
hese women have…given voice…to what they know from
experience
that…
。
that
从句做
experience
的同位语从句
;
此从句中又套嵌一个
u
nless
引导的条件状语从
句
;On
ce
intimidated
by
arguments
是过去分词做状语修饰
these
p>
women
,其施动者
arguments
又有两个
that
引导的同位语从句修
饰限定它。
intimidated by arguments
意为
“
被论点搞得惊慌
害怕
”;feel
at
home
不能直译为
“
感到在家
”
p>
,而译为
“
感到自在
”;give
voice
to
意
为
“
表达,表
露
”;land jobs
译为
“
找到
工作
”
。
译文:
有人说,
孩子们在双语课堂里会
感到更加自由自在,
而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。
这几位母
亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安,
现在发表了最响亮,
最有说服力
的意见。
从她们自
身的经验中,他们深知
:
如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所移居国家的语言,除了那些最简单的
< br>体力活儿外,根本谈不上上大学,也谈不上找到理想的工作。
15. The presumption on
which human cloning rests is that all these
cells
,
though now
specialized
,
still
contain
exact
copies
of
the
original
set
of
genetic
instructions
needed
to
make
an
entire
individual and can do so if a way is
found to switch them back on.
< br>结
构
分
析
:
句
子
的
框
架
是
The
presumption
is
that
all
these
cells…contain
genetic
instructions…and can do so…
。
其中介词
on
加
which
引导定语从句修饰主语
the presumption;
that
从句为表语从句
;
此表语从句中
contain
和
can
do
并列做
all these cells
< br>的谓语
;
表语从句中
又插入一个
though
引导的省略了主语
all
these cells
的让步状语从句,
补充完整为
though these
cells
are
now
specialized;
needed
to
make
an
entire
individual
为过去分词短语做
genetic
instructions
的后置定语
;
并列谓语
can do so
又有
if
条件句修饰。
rest on
意为
“<
/p>
依赖
”
。为避免
重复
do
so
代替前文提到的
make an entire
individual
。
译文:人类克隆赖以存在的假定是
:
虽然所有的
细胞现已全部特化,但却仍然包含有发育为
完整个体所需的与母体完全一致的全部遗传指
令
;
如果能找到一个方法使失去作用的部分恢
< br>复作用,这些细胞就能发育成为完整的个体。
16. Thus
,
a
regularity for which there are general theoretical
grounds will be more readily called a
natural
law
than
an
empirical
regularity
that
cannot
be
subsumed
under
more
general
laws
or
theories.
结构分析:
句子的框架是
a
regularity…will be more readily called a natural
law than an empirical
regularity…
。
介词
for
加关系代词<
/p>
which
引导定语从句修饰
a
regularity
。
an empirical
regularity
后又有定语从句
that cannot
be subsumed under more general laws or theories
修饰。
grounds
意
为
“
根据,理由
”;subsum
e
意为
“
把
…
归入,纳入
”
。
译文:
因此,
< br>与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比,
一条具有普
p>
遍理论依据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则。
17. It
is
because of the close association in most people’s
minds of tools with
man that special
attention
has
always
been
focused
upon
any
animal
able
to
use
an
object
as
a
tool
,
but
it
is
important
to
realize
that
this
ability
,
on
its
own
,
does
not
necessarily
indicate
any
special
intelligence in the
creature concerned.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
It is because
of…that…
,
but it is important
to realize that…
。
but
< br>连接
两个并列句,
but
前的并
列分句为
It
is…that…
强调
结构,强调
because
of
引导
的状语。
but
后的并列分句又有
th
at
引导的宾语从句做
realize
的宾语。
the close association in most
people’s
minds of tools with
man
中注意
in most people’s
minds
把
the close association
of tools with man
(工具与人类的密切联系)分隔开来。两个并列句
中分别有
able to use an object as a tool
和
concerned
分别做其前面名词
animal
和
the creature<
/p>
的后置定语。
man
根据上下文在此处指
“
人
类
”
p>
,
而不是
“
男人<
/p>
”;not necessarily
译为
“
不一定、
未必
”;on its
own
意为
“
独立地,
凭自己力量
”
,
在此转译为<
/p>
“
就其自身而言
”
。
译文:
正是由于在大多数人头脑中工
具与人类联系密切,人类才特别关注有能力把物体当
工具使用的任何一种动物。
但值得注意的是,
这种能力就其自身而言,
并不
表明这种动物有
什么特别的智慧。
18.
The
point
at
which
tool
using
and
tool
making
acquire
evolutionary
significance
is
surely
when an
animal can adapt its ability to manipulate objects
to a wide variety of
purposes
,
and when
it can use an object spontaneously to
solve a brand-new problem that without the
use of a tool
would prove
insoluble.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
The
point…is…when…and when…
。
两个
p>
when
引导的从句为并列的
表语从句。<
/p>
at which tool using and tool making
acquire evolutionary significance
为定语从句修
饰主语
the
point;
第二个
when
引导的表语从句中也有
that
引导的定语从句修饰
a
brand-new
problem
。
ability
to
manipulate
obj
ects
译为
“
操纵物体的能力
”;…a
brand
-new
problem
that
without the use of a tool would prove i
nsoluble
中
without
和
insoluble
为双重否定可译成肯定
句。
译文:
< br>当一种动物能够使自己操纵物体的能力适用于更广泛的目标范围,
并且能够自发地
使
用物体解决只有通过工具才能解决的崭新问题时,
工具的使用
和制造就肯定达到了具有进化
意义的阶段。
19. It was the desire to be
scholarly that brought about a wxdye of Latin
terms which appeared in
the
16th
century
when
the
humanist
movement
brought
new
impetus
to
learning
throughout
Europe.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
It was the
desire…that brought about a
wxdye…
。
it is…that…
是强调句
型,强调主语
the desire to be
scholarly
。关系代词
which
引导定语从句
,
修饰
Latin
terms;
关系
副词
when
引导定语从句
,
修饰
century
。句中
scholarly
做
“
博学多才
”
< br>讲
;humanist
movement
译为
“
人文主义运动
”;i
mpetus
意为
“
动力
,
促进
”
。
译文:在
16
世纪的时候,人文主义运动促进了欧洲各国的学术运动,人们都想显示自己的
博学多才,从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。
20. So don’t be surprised if you never
encounter some of the expressions that still
appear in school
textbooks; and
next time you hear somebody using a
strange word you hxdyen’t heard
before
,
you
can
comfort
yourself
that
there
may
well
be
a
native
speaker
somewhere
who
doesn’t
know
it
either.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
…don’t be
surprised if you…;and next
time…
,
you
can
comfort
yours
elf
that…
。分号连接两个并列分句。在前面句子中,
if
引导状语从句
;
关系代词
that<
/p>
引导定语从句,修饰
expressions
。在后面句子中,
you
hear…
是省略了关系副
词
when
的定语
从句,修饰
next
time;
you
hxdyen’t
heard
before
又是省略了
关系代词
which
的定语从句,
修饰
strange
word;
主句是
you can comfort
yourself that…
,
这里的
that
引导宾语
从句,而关系代词
who
引导定语从句,修饰
native
speaker
。
may
和
well
连用表示有充分的
理由,译为
“
(完全)能,
(很)可能
< br>”
。
译文:
因此,如果在某些教科书里你
碰到某些词组是你从未见过的,你不必惊讶。
如果下次
你听到有
人用一个你以前从未听到过的新词,
你可以这样安慰自己说,
很
可能在什么地方有
一个讲英语的本地人也不认识这个字呢
!
21. Despite the saying that
one never knows if lightning strikes
him
,
a person can sometimes
feel
the bolt coming and if quick
enough
,
take protective
action in time.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
a person can…feel
the bolt and…take protective action…
。
p>
and
连接两
个并列的谓语动词。句首
p>
despite
是介词引导介词短语作状语,此短语中
that
引导的名词性
从句做
saying
的同位语,此同位语从句中,
if
lightning…
是一个名词性从句,作
kn
ow
的宾
语,
if
在句中相当于
whether
。主句中
if quick enough
补充完整为
if he
is quick enough
,是条
件状语从句,为
take action
的前提条件。句中
b
olt
译为
“
闪电
”
。
译文
:
尽管人们常说一个人从来不知道是否遭到闪电的袭击,但
是一个人有时能感觉到闪电
的到来,如果动作快,就能及时采取保护措施。
22.
The“shareholder”as such had no knowledge of the
lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen
employed by the company in which he
held shares, and his influence on the relations of
capital
and labor was not good.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
The“shareholder”as such had no
knowledge…, and his influence…was
not <
/p>
good.
。
and
连接两个并列的分句。
as
such
做
The“shareholder”
的定语,
employed
by
the
company in which he held shares
< br>是过去分词短语作定语,修饰
workmen
,分词短语
中含有
in
which he held shares
p>
定语从句,修饰
company
。
译文:这样的股东,对他拥有股份的公司里
所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知,
而且他们对劳资双方的关系,也不会产生
积极的影响。
23. The
paid manager acting for the company was in more
direct relation with the men and their
demands,
but
even
he
had
seldom
that
familiar
personal
knowledge
of
the
workmen
which
the
employer had often had under the more
patriarchal system of the old family business now
passing
away.
<
/p>
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
The
paid
manager
was
in
more
direct
relation
with
the
men
and
their
demands, but
even he had
seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the
workmen…
。
acting for
the
company
做
the
paid
manager
的定语,
which
the
employer
had
often
had
under
the
more
patriarchal
system
of
the
old
family
business
now
passing
away
做
that
familiar
personal
knowledge
的定语,
now
passing away
做
the old family
business
的定语。
译文
:
受聘于公司并代表公司的经理与工人及
其需求的关系更加直接,但是
,
就连他对工人们
也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。
而在现在,
正在消
失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式
制度下的雇主们,却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人
关系。
24. When a
journalist recently accused the company of lacking
integrity in its testing of beauty
products
,
the
company overtly appealed to the public by citing
its corporate brand
,
which
was
firmly associated in people’s minds
with strong ethical standards concerning animal
rights.
结构分析
:
句子的框架是
When…
,
the company overtly appealed to the
public…
。
when
引导时
p>
间状语从句。主句中关系代词
which
引
导定语从句修饰
corporate
brand
,此定语从句中
in
people’s
minds
把
associated
with
分隔开来。
beauty products
译为
“
美容产品
”
p>
。
译文:
p>
有一名记者近日指责该公司在美容产品的测试上缺乏整体性,
该公司
公开利用其公司
品牌求助于公众。在公众的心目中,该品牌同关系到动物权利的道德标准
息息相关。
25.
However
,
the criminals
quickly came to realize that the real value in the
computers is in the
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