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译文：澳大利亚的另类疗法
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鲸鱼
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盲人与视觉符号
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题目
< br>+
答案解析
Adults and
children are frequently confronted with statements
about the alarming
rate of loss of
tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic
illustration to which
children might
readily
relate
is
the estimate that rainforests
are
being destroyed at
a rate
equivalent to one thousand football fields every
forty minutes
—
about the
duration
of
a
normal
classroom
period.
In
the
face
of
the
frequent
and
often
vivid
media
coverage,
it
is
likely
that
children
will
have
formed
ideas
about
rainforests
—
what
and where
they
are, why
they are important, what endangers them
—
independent of any
formal tuition. It is also possible
that some of these ideas will be mistaken.
无论大
人还是孩子都经常会遇到这样的报道，那就是热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失。打
个比方
，孩子们很容易就能理解这样一个图例，即平均每四十分钟，也就是一节课的时间内，
世
界上就会有相当于一千个足球场大小的热带雨林遭到破坏。面对媒体频繁且生动的报道，也
许不需要任何正规的教育，
孩子们就能够形成一系列有关热带雨林的观点：
比如说雨林是什么，
位置在哪里，为什么如此重要，又是什么在威胁它们等
等。当然，这些观点也很有可能是错的。
Many studies
have shown that children harbour misconceptions
about
‘
pure
’
,
curriculum
science.
These
misconceptions
do
not
remain
isolated
but
become
incorporated
into
a
multifaceted,
but
organised,
conceptual
framework,
making
it
and
the
component
ideas, some of
which are erroneous, more robust but also
accessible to modification.
These ideas
may be developed by children absorbing ideas
through the popular media.
Sometimes
this information may be erroneous. It seems
schools may not be providing an
opportunity
for
children
to
re-
express
their
ideas
and
so
have
them
tested
and
refined
by teachers and
their peers.
<
/p>
许多研究表明孩子们对于在学校里学到的科学知识心存误解。这些误解不是孤立存在的，<
/p>
而是组成了一个尽管多层面却十分有条理的概念体系，这一点使得该体系本身及其所有的组
成
观点更加难以攻破，有些观点本身甚至就是错误的，但是也正是这样，
它们反而更容易被改动。
这些错误观点正是由于孩子们从大众煤体上吸收了信息
而形成的。有时连这些信息本身都是错
误的。学校似乎也没能够给们提供一个再度阐述自
己观点的机会，因此宠师及其他学生也不能
帮助其检验及纠正这种错误观点。
Despite
the
extensive
coverage
in
the
popular
media
of
the
destruction
of
rainforests, little formal information
is available about
children
’
s ideas in this
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