-
紧固件专业英语词汇
(04)
从美标书上摘抄的
名词解
(2008-08-05 15:55:45)
1.
Scale
[skeil
n.
刻度
,
衡量
,
比例
,
数值范围
,
比例尺
,
天平
,
等级
vt.
依比例决定
,
攀登
,
测量
vi.
剥落
,
生水垢
,
重
,
攀登
,
衡量
2.
Temper
。
Temper is the state of metal or alloy
involving its structure and mechanical properties
.
(Tamper):
回火：是金属或合金状态，包含着它的结构和机械性能。
(
钢等
)<
/p>
韧度
,
回火
,
性情
,
脾气
,
情绪
,
心情
,
调剂
,
趋向
(
冶金
)<
/p>
回火、锻炼
,
调和
,
调节
3
．
Passivating
:
钝化。
passivating is the process of
dissolving ferrous particles and surface
impurities from stainless steel by chemical
means (nor
—
mally
a nitric acid dip ) and to produce a passive film
on the surface .the purpose is to improve the
corrosion resistance of he
surface .
以下是有关紧固件制造术语：
3.
Shaving . Shaving is a cutting
operation in which thin layers of material are
removed from the outer surfaces of the product.
锈皮
：
它是氧化铁，有时成形在紧固件热顶锻或锻件头部的表面。
(Shaving )
刮削加工：
是切削工艺，在工件外表面切削稀薄的一层金属。
6
．
Sliver . Sliver
is an irregular shaped piece of metal clinging
loosely to the finished fastener .
毛刺（
Sliver
）
:
是一种不规则的金属粘附在精加工的紧固件上。
7
．
Slotting .
Slotting is the process of forming or cutting
slots in a fastener during either the primary or
secondary operation .
开槽加工（
slotting
）
:
是成形或切削槽的工艺过程在紧固件上可用一次或二次加工。
8
．
Trimming :
Trimming is the term applied to the process of
shaping or sizing by forcing a a part
through a die of desired size and shape
.
精整加工（
trimmings
）
:
是附加的整形过程或用压力强行
使工件通过模具而成形状或尺寸。
9
．
Tumbling .Tumbling is the process of
cleaning or abrading parts in a rotating container
,either with or without cleaning or abrasive
materials .
滚动加工：滚动加工过程是在滚桶滚
动中清洁或磨擦工件，可用或不用研磨材料。
10
．
Upsetting
.Upsetting is the process of increasing the cross
sectional area by displacement of material
longitudinally and radially .
镦粗加工：
镦粗加工过程是将金属变形于纵向和径向使其截面积增大。
11
．
Milled Form the Bar .Milled from the
bar fasteners are fasteners machined from bar
stock on a lathe ,screw machine ,etc .
棒料铣削：是紧固件机械加工，从棒架到车床，螺钉等。
12
．
Pointing
.Pointing is a secondary machining operation
consisting of adding points on fastener blanks
which were not pointed during the
heading operation .
钉端加工：
是第二次机械化加工，在
顶端加工后，再将紧固件坯料钉端切削。
13
．
Polishing .
Polishing is the process of producing a smooth
surface by rubbing with fine abrasive wheels
,belts or compounds .
抛光加工：是产生光滑表面，用细砂轮，皮带或抛光膏磨擦。
14
．
Punching .
Punching is the process of trimming or removing
material with dies in a press .
冲加工：是精整加工或用模具在压力下除去金属。
15
．
Rolled Thread
. A rolled thread is a thread produced by action
of a form tool which when pressed into the surface
of a blank displaces
material radially
.
滚压螺纹：是从工具滚压坯料表面，使金属径向流动产生螺纹。
16
．
Forging
.Forging is the process of forming a product by
hammering or pressing .when the material is forged
below the recrystallization
temperature
it is said to be cold forged .when worked above
the recrystallization temperature it is said to be
hot forged .
锻压加工：是用锤或压力机进行生产，当金属在再结晶温度
下加工的渭之冷镦，当金属高于再结晶温度谓之热锻。
1 7
．
Ground Thread .A ground
thread is a thread finished on the flanks by a
grinding operatioin .
研磨螺纹：
是螺纹精加工，磨削操作在螺纹侧面。
18
．
Grinding .Grinding is the process of
removing material form the surface by the cutting
action of a bonded abrasive wheel .
磨削加工：
是用砂轮作切削动作将金属表面除去。
19 . Header . header is a specialized
form of horizontal press .
顶锻加工：是制造厂用顶锻
机加工，这种可用或可不用镦粗加工或挤压加工，工件从线材的再结晶温度下制成谓之冷顶锻，反之，工件从线<
/p>
材的再结晶温度上制成渭之热顶锻。
20
。
Knurling . knurling is the process of
producing a roughened surface by means of a
specialized forming tool called a knurl .
滚花加工：
是一种专门成形刀具叫滚花轮，将表面制成粗糙表面。
21
。
Machining .Machining is the process of
forming the surface by cutting away material .
机械加工：
由切削金属面使其表面成形。
22
。
Cut Thread .a
cut thread is a thread produced by removing
material from the surface with a form cutting tool
.
切削螺纹：
是制造螺纹时，用刀具将金属表面切削。
23
．
Drilling .drilling is the process of
forming holes by means of specialized cutting
tools called drills .
钻削加工厂：是钻孔的过程，专用切削工具叫钻头。
24
．
Embossing .
Embossing is the process of raising a boss or
protuberance on the surface .
模压加工的：是进行凸台升高或突起在表面。
25
．
Extruding : Extruding is the process of
reducing the size of some feature or diameter by
forcing it through a die .
挤压加工：
的特点是将尺寸减缩或将直径压入模孔。
26
．
Facing .Facing is a machining operation
on the end ,flat face or shoulder of a fastener .
表面加工：
是机械操作在末端，
在紧固件表面或肩部。
27
．
Flash. Facing is the thin fin of metal
along the sides or around the edges fo a forged or
upset section .it is caused when metal flows
out between the edges of the forging
dies .
飞边：非曲直是金属
沿边或锻件或镦粗四周的薄翼片，这些形成由于金属流出到锻压模的边沿之间。
28
．
Burnishing
:
磨光
,
抛光
,
擦亮
Burnishing
is
the
process
of
producing
a
smooth
surface
by
rubbing
or
rolling
a
tool
against
the
surface .
(Burnishing )
辊光加工：
是产生光滑面，用磨擦或滚轧工具，不断进行表面加工。
29
。
Burr
:
a
burr
is
a
small
amount
of
material
extending
out
from
the
edge
of
a
hole
,shoulder,extending
out
from
the
edge
of
a
hole,shoulder , the result of a
machining or forging operation .
毛刺（
Burr
）
:
是在
孔的边缘上，肩部等凸出的很小材料，是机械加工或锻压加工的形成。
30
．
Chip : a chip is a small fragment of
metal removed from a surface by cutting with a
tool .
切屑（
chip
）
:
是在金属表面用刀具切削下来的极细薄的金属。
31
。
Coining :Coining is the process of
forming metal by forcing it to flow while confined
within closed dies.
(Coining ):
压印加工：
是金属成形过程，以压力将金属在封闭模中塑变。
32
．
Countersinking
: countersinking is the process of beveling or
flaring the end of a hole .holes in which
countersunk head type fasteners
are to
be used must be countersunk to provide a mating
bearing surface .
沉孔加工：
是将孔斜角或镀形孔口，沉孔应当沉头紧固件支承面相配合。
33
．
Counterboring
.Counterboring is the process of enlarging for
part of its depth a hole previously formed and to
provide a shoulder at the
bottom of the
enlarged l tools called counterbores are generally
used for this operation .
扩孔加工：是将孔部分扩大，
扩孔的底作台肩，专用刀具叫扩孔钻，一般均用此操作。
34
．
Strain
Hardening
:
Strain
hardening
is
the
increase
in
hardness,
and
hence
strength
,re-sulting
from
plastic
deformation
at
a
temperature
below the recrystallization range .sometimes
called work hardening .
应变硬化：
是增加硬度和今后强度，
在再结晶温度范围内导致塑性变形，胡时称为工作硬化。
35
. Toughness. Toughness is the ability of a
material to absorb considerable energy without
fracturing .
(toughness)
:
韧性：是材料一种能力，吸收大量能量不致断裂。
36
．
Voids : Voids are internal fissures in
ferrous materials .they are sametimes called
“
chrome checks
“<
/p>
,
”
fish
eyes
”
“
shatter cracks
“
and
“
snow
flakes
”
(voids)
凹痕：是黑色材料内部裂缝，有时叫“铬裂”
“鱼眼”
“发裂”
和“雪片”
37
．
Broaching :
(Broaching ):
拉削加工：是用推或拉的切削工具叫拉刀，沿着工件表面切削材料。
38
．
Decarburized :
a fastener has a decar-burized surface when the
carbon content of the surface is lower than the
carbon content of the
core .
脱碳：
（
decarburized
）紧固件有脱碳表面，其表面层含碳早低于其内心的含碳量。
39 . Grains :
Grains are
the individual crystals of the material .
晶粒：
材料中夹杂非金属不洁物。
40
．
Laps :Laps are
surface defects caused by folding over fins or
sharp corners into the surface of the material .
(Laps)
皱纹是：表面缺陷，毛剌折转或锐边折转在金属表面。
41
．
Pits : Pits
are localized depressions on the surface of a raw
material or fastener.
凹点：
是尖锐凹陷，在金属表面或紧固件表面。
42
．螺丝材料：
screw
stock :
螺丝材料是金属材料，其状态是线材或棒材，在螺钉机上制造零件，通
常为易切削钢。
43
．
Soft : soft
describes the condition of a fastener which
,though made from a material which can be and
normally is ,hardened by heat
treatment
,has been left in the as-fabricated temper .
软：是说明紧固件状态，虽然从这些材料制成和一般热处理变硬，但制成后回火。
< br>
以下术语通常用于紧固件材料与热处理：
钝化
：
<
/p>
是溶解铁的微粒过程，不锈钢表面杂质用化学方法（一般用硝酸浸液）产生
.
的膜层表面，目的是改进抗腐蚀表面
,
光亮作用。
4. Stainless Steel .
Stainless steel is a corrosion
resistant type of alloy steel which contains a
minimum of 12 percent chromium
（铬）
。
不锈钢
：
是抗认真蚀型合金钢，其含铬量最少为
12%
。
5
．
Annealed
：
a fastener is considered in the
annealed state when it has been heated and cooled
to make it soft-that is ,free of
hardness caused by working or previous
(
在前的，早先的
) heat treatment . <
/p>
（球化）退火：紧固件在退火状态，当它经过热处理和冷却使成软化，在加工时元硬化或处
于热处理。
44
．
Alloy steel
.an alloy steel is a steel containing elements
other than carbon which have been added to obtain
definite mechanical or
physical
properties ,such as higher strength at elevated
temperatures ,toughness,etc
合金钢：是含有元素的钢
材，除了碳以外的加上的元素要得到规定的机械或物理性能，如高温时的高强度，韧性等。
45
．
Carton Steel
: carbon steel is a steel which does not contain
any substantial amounts of alloying materials
other than carbon
碳钢：
是一种钢，除了含碳以外无其它的合金元素。
46
．
Case Hardened : a case hardened
fastener is a fastener of ferrous material having
a surface which has been made harder than the
core.
表面硬化：
表面硬化的紧固件是黑色金属，其表面经过处理后比内心硬度要高。
47
．冷顶锻材料：
Cold Heading Stodk : cold heading stock
is material produced under closely controlled
manufacturing and inspection
methods so
as to be suitable for heading and to be free from
those defects causing fractures during heading . <
/p>
冷顶锻材料：制造是在密控制和检验方法之下，适宜于顶锻之用，不致有其它的缺陷导致顶
锻时产生破坏。
48. Oiled :Oiled is
the term denoting the application of a suitable
corrosion retarding oil to a fastener .
涂油：采用适当的防锈油涂在紧固件上。
49
．
Mechanical
Galvanizing : Mechanical galvanizing is a process
in which powdered zinc is applied to a base meal
using the principles of
cold welding
and barrel finishing techniques .
机械镀锌：
是将锌粉末外加在基体金属用冷焊原理和桶抛光加工方法进行。
50
．
Hot Dip
Galvanizing :.Hot dip galvanizing is the process
of immersing the parts to be coated in a bath of
molten zinc .
热镀锌：
是将零件浸入熔解锌槽中的涂层过程。
51
．
Galvanizing
:
Galvanizing
is
the
process
of
coating
iron
or
steel
with
zinc
–
originally
by
using
direct
current
and
a
zinc
anode .Methods of zinc
deposition used are :
镀锌：
是涂互铁或钢上的锌
-
最初用直流电和锌积
板，锌沉积镀是用这方法。
52
．
Elctro-
galvanizing : Electro-galvanizing is the process
of
coating metal with zinc by
electrodeposition .
电镀锌：是用锌给电解沉积，涂于金属的过程。
53
．
Surface
treatment : surface treatment is any treatment
which changes the chemical physical ,or mechanical
properties of a surface .
表面处理：在任何处理中变动表面的化学物理或机械性能。
54
．
Surface Heat Treatment :surface heat
treatment is a process that improves the hard-ness
or other mechanical property of the fastener
in any surface area .
表面热处理：
是增加强紧固件的硬度或任何表面积上的机械性能。
55
．
Plating :
plating is the application of a metallic deposit
on the surface of the fastener by electrolysis,
impact ,or other suitable means .
镀层：是在
紧固件表面上用电解作用、电解作用，脉冲或可靠方法粘附金属。
: plain as applied to finish of
fasteners is used to indicate that the fastener
has had no supplementary .surface treatment ,such
as
plating ,coating ,etc ,other than
being oiled .
光泽是：紧固件的表面处理，在紧固件表面无辅助表面处
理，在镀层、涂层，除涂油。
57
．
Pickling :
pickling is the process of removing surface oxides
or impurities by chemical or electrochemical means
.
浸酸：是经化学或电化方法清除表面锈物或夹杂务。
热处理常用英文词汇大全
1. indication
缺陷
2. test specimen
试样
3. bar
棒材
4. stock
原料
5. billet
方钢，钢方坯
6. bloom
钢坯
,
钢锭
7. section
型材
8. steel ingot
钢锭
9. blank
坯料，半成品
10. cast steel
铸钢
11. nodular cast iron
球墨铸铁
12. ductile cast iron
球墨铸铁
13. bronze
青铜
14. brass
黄铜
15. copper
合金
16. stainless
steel
不锈钢
17. decarburization
脱碳
18. scale
氧化皮
19. anneal
退火
20. process anneal
进行退火
21. quenching
淬火
22. normalizing
正火
23. charpy impact text
夏比冲
击试验
24. fatigue
疲劳
25. tensile testing
拉伸试验
26. solution
固溶处理
27. aging
时效处理
28. vickers
hardness
维氏硬度
29.
rockwell
hardness
洛氏硬
度
30. brinell hardness
布氏硬度
31. hardness
tester
硬度计
32. descale
除污，除氧化皮等
33. ferrite
铁素体
34. austenite
奥氏体
35.
martensite
马氏体
36. cementite
渗碳体
37. iron carbide
渗碳体
38. solid solution
固溶体
39. sorbite
索氏体
40. bainite
贝氏体
41. pearlite
珠光体
42.
nodular
fine
pearlite/
troostite
屈氏体
43. black oxide
coating
发黑
44. grain
晶粒
45. chromium
铬
46. cadmium
镉
47. tungsten
钨
48. molybdenum
钼
49. manganese
锰
50. vanadium
钒
51. molybdenum
钼
52. silicon
硅
53. sulfer/sulphur
硫
54. phosphor/ phosphorus
磷
55. nitrided
氮化的
56. case
hardening
表面硬化，
表面淬硬
57. air cooling
空冷
58. furnace cooling
炉冷
59. oil cooling
油冷
60. electrocladding /plating
电
镀
61. brittleness
脆性
62. strength
强度
63. rigidity
刚性
,
刚度
64. creep
蠕变
65. deflection
挠度
66. elongation
延伸率
67. yield strength
屈服强度
68. elastoplasticity
弹塑性
69.
metallographic
structure
金相组织
70.
metallographic test
金相试
验
71. carbon content
含碳量
72.
induction
hardening
感应
淬火
73. impedance matching
感应
淬火
74.
hardening
and
tempering
调质
75. crack
裂纹
76. shrinkage
缩孔，疏松
77. forging
锻（件）
78. casting
铸（件）
79. rolling
轧（件）
80. drawing
拉（件）
81. shot
blasting
喷丸（处理）
82. grit blasting
喷钢砂
（处理）
83. sand
blasting
喷砂（处理）
84. carburizing
渗碳
85. nitriding
渗氮
86.
ageing/aging
时效
87. grain size
晶粒度
88. pore
气孔
89. sonim
夹砂
90. cinder inclusion
夹渣
91. lattice
晶格
92.
abrasion/abrasive/rub/we
ar/wearin
g resistance (property)
耐磨性
93. spectrum
analysis
光谱分析
94.
heat/thermal
treatment
热
处理
95. inclusion
夹杂物
96. segregation
偏析
97. picking
酸洗，酸浸
98. residual
stress
残余应力
99. remaining stress
残余应力
100.
relaxation
of
residual
stress
消除残余应力
101. stress
relief
应力释放
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