-
Useful
Expressions
of
Introduction
6.1
表达已知信息
I
t has
been
reported/ observed that/ demonstrated
that
…
据报道
< br>/
观察
/
证明…
…
is
widely
used in
…
…被广泛应用于…
S
omething
was
found/ reported/ mentioned
by somebody.
某人发现
/
报道
/
说过某事
…
is known
to
…
…已知…
…
has long
been
successfully
applied for
…
…已被成功应用于…
6.2
表达未知信息
T
he
animal
experimental
studies
have
been
carried
out
for
years.
H
owever
,
to
our
knowledge,
only a few cases with clinical
application
have been
reported
.
在动物实验研究已经进行
了多年。但是，据我们所知，只有少数临床应用的病例报告。
T
here is
insufficient evidence
from
randomized
studies
…
来自随机研究的证据不足…
T
here
have
been
few studies
of
…
几乎没有关于…的研究
T
here are
conflicting data on
the
…
It also
remains unclear
whether
…
关于…的数据有冲突，
现在还不清楚是否…
S
tudies have
differed in
their conclusion
on/ about/ regarding
…
研究有着不同的结论，
在
/
关于
/
认为…
S
urprisingly, there is
little evidence
that
…
令人惊讶的是，几乎没有证据表明…
T
here have been
different/ conflicting
reports
regarding/ on
…
有不同的
/
矛盾的报告关于
/
在…
Litter
research
has been done
on
…
在…方面几乎没有做研究
R
elatively little
knowledge
is available related to
…
关于…几乎没有已知信息可以应用
L
ittle attention
has been paid/ given to
…
在…方面几乎没有引起注意
I
t is
unclear/
uncertain/ unknown
whether
…
还不清楚
/
不确定
/
不知道…<
/p>
…
is/ remains
controversial/ unexplored/
unclear
.
…依然有争论
/<
/p>
未探索
/
不清楚
…
remains
an
important unsolved problem
.
…留下一个重要的未解决的问题。
6.3
表达未知信息和研究问题之间的连接语
F
or this purpose
,
we
…
为了达到目的，我们…
T
o test the
hypothesis
, we
…
为了验证该假说，我们…
T
o determine
whether
…
,
we
…
为了确定是否…我们…
To answer the
question
, we…
为了回答该问题，我们…
I
n an attempt/ in an effort/
in order to
investigate/ determine/
clarify/ assess
…
,
we
…
在试图
/
以调查
/
确定
/
阐明
/
评估，我们…
I
n this study,
an attempt was made
to
…
在本研究中我们试图…
W
e
hypothesized
that
…
我们推测
(
假设
)
…
I
n
this study
we asked
whether
…
在这项研究中，我们提出是否…
W
e
designed a
prospective trial to
test
whether
…
我们设计了一个准实验，以检测否…
6.4
表达研究问题
W
e
aimed
to
determine
…
and to
investigate
the possible
underlying mechanism of
我们的
目标
是确定…并调查可能的潜在机制…
I
n this study, we
tested the hypothesis
that
…
在这项研究中，我们验证该假设…
T
he present study
aimed to
demonstrate
< br>…
本研究旨在证明…
W
e
conducted
this study
to determine whet
her
…
我们进行这项研究以确定是否…
W
e
investigated
the association
between
…
and
…
我们研究…和…之间的的关联…
W
e
undertook
this trial
to clarify
…
我们进行这项
试验，以明确…
W
e
undertook
a pilot study
to assess
…
我们进行了一项
初步研究，以评估…
W
e
conducted
an interventional
study
with the aim of
…
我们进行一项介入研究，其目标是…
O
n
the
basis
of
published
results
with
…
and
our
previous
experience
with
…
,
we
hypothesized that
< br>…
基于对…已公布的结果和以前我们在…方面的经验，我们推测…
T
he
purpose
/ objective/
aim
of this
study/ research/
investigation
was to
…
本研究
/
研究
/
调查的目的
/
目标
/
目的是…
T
his
study
was designed
to
…
本研究的目的是…
T
he present study
was undertaken
to
…
本研究的目的在于…
Useful Expressions of
Methods
6.1
表达研究对象的选取
Patients were
randomly
selected
…
随机选取患者…
Patients were
eligible for inclusion
in
the
…
if they have evidence
of
…
患者如果满足…的条件即可
纳入…
The present study
enrolled
…
本研究纳入…
Subjects were
eligible to participate
if
…
如果…受试者就有资格参与
Patients
meeting
the following
criteria
were
included
in the study
…
符合以下条件的患者被纳入该项研
究…
…
subjects were
recruited/ included/ entered
on a voluntary
basis
…
受试者的招募
/
纳入
/
参加都是建<
/p>
立在自愿基础上的…
All
included subjects
were
examined with
…
所有被
纳入的受试者都做了…检查
Patients
were included in
our study
if they had
presented with
…<
/p>
如果患者有…表现，则纳入我们的研
究
The study population
consists of
patients
with
…
研究群体由…患者构成
…
were excluded
from
the study/ participation/
enrollment if they had any of the following
…
如果他们有
下列任何…，则被排除在研究
/
参与
/
纳入范围之外<
/p>
…
were considered
ineligible
for
…
…被认为不符合…
The
criteria for
exclusion
are
…
排除标准是…
Exclusion criteria
included
the following
…
排除标准包括以下内容…
…
were excluded on
the basis
of
…
…以…作为排除的依据
6.2
表达对象分组情况
Patients
were divided
into
…
groups
…
患者被分为…组
…
groups
were
selected at
random
…
分组随机选择
…
were randomly
assigned
by a computerized
system
…由计算机系统随机分配
…
were randomly assigned to
…
groups
随机分为…组
…
were randomized
into
…
with
…
用…
(
方法
)
随机分成…
6.3
表达研究的伦理规范和有效性
…
were
conducted
in
agreement
with
…
按照…
< br>(
协议
)
，进行…
The research procedure was
carried out in accordance with
…
这项研究的过程是依…进行的
All procedures
complied
with
the guiding principles for the
care and use of animals
approved by
…
所有
的程序都遵循由…认可的关于动物管理和
使用的指导原则
The
experiment/ protocol
was
approved by
…
该实验
/
计划由…批准
All participants gave
written informed consent
.
所有参与者都签署了书面知情同意。
The
requirement for written informed consent
was waved
by
…
关于书面知情同意的要求是…
Verbal consent
was obtained
from
…
从…获得了口头同意
Participation in the study
was optioned for
…
这项研究的参与者是从…选择的
6.4
表达材料来源
…
was (were)
purchased
from
…
…购自…
…
was (were)
supplied/ provided
by
…
…由…提供
…
was (were)
obtained
from
…
…从…获取
…
was (were)
donated by
…
; was
the/ a
gift of/
from
…
;
…
was a
donation f
rom
…
…由…捐赠；…由…
赠送，…
是…的赠品
6.5
表达试验方法
Sections
of
…
were prepared
as previously
described
…按如前所述的准备
…
was (were) prepared
according to the method described
by
…
按照…描述的方法准备…
The procedures were
similar
to those in previous studies
.
该过程和前期的研究过程相似。
The
…
model was
established (set up)
by
…
methods
.
…模型的建立用
...
(
设立
)
的方法
...
…
were
assayed
by
…
method
derived from somebody
.
被检测的…来
自某人的方法
…
were
assayed by
…
technique adapted from previously
published method
.
…通过…检测，该技术采
用前期已公布的方法
6.6
表达试验步骤
…
was (were)
pretreated for
…
minutes
…预处理…分钟
The blood samples were
collected/ taken/ obtained/ withdrawn f
rom
…
血样本采集
/
取自…
…
was
(were)
seeded
in
…
and
maintained
in
…
…被接种…并维持…
…
was (were)
harvested
with
…
…用…方法
(
获取
)
…
was (were)
collected/ harvested
under
…
conditions
…在…条件下获取
…
was (were)
fixed
with
…
…用…固定
…
was (were)
stained
with
…
…用…染色
…
was (were)
implanted
in
…
…被植入…
…
was (were)
embedded
in
…
…被嵌入…
…
was (were)
grown
in
...
medium
…在…介质中生长
…
was (were)
cloned
into
…
…被克隆到…
…
was (were)
incubated/ cultured
in
…
…在…中被培养
…
was (were)
injected/ administered
with
…
…被注入…
…
was (were)
exposed/ subjected to
…
…被暴露于…
/
用…处理
…
was (were)
treated with
…
in the presence or absence
of
…
…用…处理…在有或无…情况下
…
was
(were)
extracted
using
…
…用…方法萃取
…
was (were)
suspended
in
…
…悬浮于…
…
was (were)
dehydrated
in
…
…脱水于…
…
was (were)
diluted
to
…
…被稀释于…
…
was (were)
purified from
…
with the use
…
.
用…方法纯化自……
…
was (were)
amplified
by
…
…通过…扩大…
…
was (were)
dissolved
in
…
…被溶于…
…
was (were)
stored at
…
until
use
…在使用前被储存在…
…
was (were)
synthesized
by
…
…由…合成的
…
was (were)
multiplied
by
…
…按…增加
…
was (were)
anesthetized
with
…
…用…麻醉
…
was (were)
sacrificed
with
…
…用…处死
…
was
(were)
killed
by
decapitation/
cervical
dislocation/
exsanguination<
/p>
.
…处死用…断头术
/
< br>颈部脱
臼
/
放血
6.7
表达测定方法
…
was (were)
measured/ determined/ detected/
evaluated/ assessed by/
using
…
使用…
测量
/
确定
/
检
测
/
评价
< br>/
的
/
评估
/...
Assessment of experiments was
carried out using analysis
of
…
使用…分析方法对实验进行评估
Analyses were
performed
with
…
用…进行分析
…
procedures were
performed/ carried out according
to
…
techniques
按…技术执行
...
程序
…
was (were)
estimated with
…
according
to
…
依据…估算…
…
was (were)
histologically analyzed
and
morphometrically evaluated
.<
/p>
组织学分析和形态学评估
Primary/ Secondary
outcome
measures
were
…
主要<
/p>
/
次要的转轨指标
Information was
obtained
through
…
信息是从…中得到的
6.8
表达统计学分析
…
was used to
determine
the statistical
significance of differences between groups
< br>…被用来确定各组之
间的差异有统计学意义
Data were
analyzed
with
…
用…分析数据
All statistical analyses were
performed with
the use
of
…
所有统计分析使用…
We used logistic regression analysis to
identify
…
我们采用
Logistic
回归分析，以确定…
The level of
significance for all outcome was
0.5.
所有结果的显著性水平为
0.5
Statistical analysis was
performed by
…
test, and
statistical significance was
defined as P<0.05
.
用…进
行统计分析，统计学意义的定义为
P<0.05
We
analyzed data,
with a 5% significant if
they were less than 0.05
.
我们以
5%
的显着性水平分析数据
P values were judged significant
if they were less than
0.05.P<0.05
则判断为差异有显著性
Useful Expressions of Results
5.1
叙述研究结果
After
…
treatment,
a significant increase in
…
was observed in
…
经
过…治疗，
在…中观察到…显著上升
…
are
presented/
depicted/ displayed/ showed in table 1
…
如表
1
所示
As Table 3
illustrates
…
如表
3
所示…
As
demonstrated
in Table 3
…
如表
3
所示…
Table 2
provides
results of
…
表
2
说明了…的结果
The rate
of
…
declined
by
…
/
was
…
percent
lower
than
…
/
dropped from
…
to
…
…比例因为…下降
/
比
...
下降百分之…
/
从…降到…
…
increased
markedly
in
…
but
not in
…
…在…方面显著上升，但在…
< br>.
显著下降
From
this table it can be seen
that
…
从该表可以看到…
Figure 1
shows/ displays/
indicates/ demonstrates
that
…
图
1
显示
/
展示
/
说明
/
阐明了…
Clinical
characteristics and laboratory data of the
patients were
summarized
in
Table 1.
该患者的临床特
征和实验室数据在表
1
中概括。
The
principal results were
illustrated
in Fig 1.
主要结果在图
1
中阐明。
Generally clinical characteristics of
patients
…
were
summarized
in Table 1
患者的一般临床特征总结在
表
1
中。
…
has
been
highly associated
with
…
…和…有高度相关性
There was a direct relationship
between
…
and
…
…和…之间有直接关系
Positive/ negative co-relationship was
found between
…
and
…
发现在…之间有正
/
负相关
There was a clear direct dose-
dependent relationship between
…
< br>在…之间有明确的直接剂量依赖关系
...
correlated well with
...
…和…之间有很强的相关性
We found
a marked difference/ clear relationship
between
…
and
…
我们发现…和…之间有显著差异
/
明
确关系
There was no
evidence of association for use
of
…
and
…
对…和…的使用还没有相关证据
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