-
whether
和
if
引导名词性从句的区别
两者均可
用于及物动词后引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,常可互换。但除此
(
用于动词
后引导宾语从句
)
之外,
在其他情况下表示“是否”时,通常要用
whether
而不用
if
,如用
于引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、与
or
连用分别引导两个分句等,
或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与
or
not
连用等等。如:
Ask
him
whether
[if]
he
can
come.
问他能不能来。
The
question
is
whether
he
can
do
it.
问题是他能不能做。
Answer
my
question
whether
you
can
help
him.
回答我你是否能帮助他。
It
depends
on
whether
the
letter
arrives
in
time.
这取决于信是否来得及时。
注:在某
些动词后
(
如
discuss
等
)
通常只用
whether
。如:
We
discussed
whether
we
should
hold
a
meeting.
我们讨论了是否要开一个会。
p>
that
与
what
引导名词性从句的区别
that
引导名词性从句只起连接作用,
在从句中不作任何成分,
无意义
,
在宾语从句通常
省略,但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
中均不能省略;
what
除引导从句外,还在从
句中作成分,意为“所??的
(
东西
< br>)
”,在含义上等于“名词
+that
< br>”
。如:
1.
用
that
的例子
That
she
lacks
experience
is
obvious.
The
police
learned
that
he
wasn’t
there
at
that
time.
My
idea
is
that
you
shouldn’t
have
left
the
country.
Bob
has
the
mistaken
idea
that
tomorrow
is
a
holiday.
2.
用
what
< br>的例子
What
(=The
thing
that)
he
said
was
true.
他所讲的是事实。
What
he
had
hoped
at
last
came
true.
他希望的事终于成为现实。
What
he
said
is
beneath
contempt.
他说的话不值一理。
I’m
sorry
for
what
I
said.
我为我说的话表示歉意。
That’s
what
I
want
to
know.
这是我想知道的。
There’s
something
in
what
he
says.
他的话有些道理。
Her
interest
was
roused
by
what
he
said.
他的话引起了她的兴趣。
He
was
always
conscious
of
the
fact
that
she
did
not
approve
of
what
he
was
doing.
他一向清楚她不太赞成他的做法。
注:
that
可引导同位语从句,<
/p>
what
不能。如
:
Have you any idea what time it
starts?
你知道什么时候开始吗
?
whatever
与
no
matter
what
It
is
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
__________
her
or
she
wants.
A.
whatever
B.
no
matter
what
C.
whenever
D.
no
matter
when
此题应选
A
。容易误选
B
。选项
C
、
D
显然是错的,因为句中的
wants
缺宾语,而
C
、
D
两项不能作宾语。至于
C
、
D
的区别,可这样描述:
no
matter
what
只能引导状
语从句,
而不引导名词性从句。
而
whatever
既可引导名词性从句
(
=
anything
that)
,
也可引导状语从
句
< br>(
=
no
matter
what)
:
1.
引导名词性从句
(
只用
whatever)
:
无论他说什么似乎都有道理。
正:
Whatever
he
says
sounds
reasonable.
误:
No
matter
what
he
says
sounds
reasonable.
2.
引导
状语从句
(
两者可换用
)
:
无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
正:
Whatever
you
say
,
I
won’t
believe
you.
正:
No
matter
what
you
say
,
I
won’t
believe
you.
无论发生什么,都要保持镇定。
正:
Keep
calm
,
whatever
happens.
正:
Keep
calm
,
no
matter
what
happens.
that,
why
与
because
引导表语从句时的区别
虽然三者均可引导表语从句,但
that
没有词义,而
why
和
because
有自己的意思;
另外,虽然
why
和
because
都可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调原因。如:
The
reason
was
that
you
don’t
trust
her.
原因是你不信任她。
The
fact
is
that
they
are
angry
with
each
other.
事实是他们生彼此的气。
He
was
ill.
That’s
why
h
e
was
sent
to
the
hospital.
他病了,所以被送到医院来。
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