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主谓一致的讲解
一、并列结构作主语时的主谓
一致
1.
由
and
连接主语时
And
连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓
语用单数或复数
1)
并列主语表
示
不同
的
人
、
物
或
概念
时谓
语动词用
复数
Li Ming
and Zhang Hua are good students.
Like
many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy
have rushed there in search of gold.
小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子
Both rice and wheat are grown in this
area.
2)
并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动
词用单数形式。
The professor and
writer is speaking at the meeting.
那位教授兼作家正在会上发言
A
journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.
一位新闻记者兼作家
His
lawyer and former college friend was with him on
his trip to Europe.
他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行
The Premier and Foreign Minister was
present at the state banquet.
总理兼外长
比较：
the writer and the
educator have visited our school.
the writer and educator has
visited our school.
His lawyer and his
former college friend were with him on his trip to
Europe.
注意：
指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一
个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，
但两个名
词具有分别的对立
的意思时只需要一个冠词即可
A boy and girl
are playing tennis.
3)
并列主语前有
each,
every, many a , no
等修饰时谓语动词用单数
Each
doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital
was asked to help patients.
Every man,
woman and child is entitled to take part in the
activity.
有权参加
Every boy and (every) girl admires him
for his fine sense of humour.
Many a
boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake
No boy and no girl is there
now.
没有任何男孩和女孩在那里
注意：
many a
跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多
Many a student was disappointed after
seeing the movie.
4)
并列主语为不可分
的整体时，谓语动词用单数
A law and rule
about protecting environment has been drawn up.
法规制定
The knife
and fork has been washed
刀叉已经被洗好
War and
peace is a constant theme in history
战争与和平是历史永恒的主题
注意<
/p>
;
常被视为主体的结构
A cup and saucer
一副杯碟
A horse and
cart
马车
A knife
and fork
一副刀叉
A
law and rule
法规
A
needle and thread
一套针线
Fish and chips
炸鱼加炸薯条
The stars
and stripes
星条旗
2
.
由
(either)
…
or
或
neither
…
nor
等连接的主语时
由
either
…
or,
neither
…
nor,
or,
not only
…
but(also)
…
连接主语时，谓语动词
陈述句中就近
原则
Either you
or Jane is to be sent to New
York.
要么你要么简被派往纽约
Neither you nor he has finished the
experiment.
Neither the teacher nor the
students like this piece of music.
都不喜欢这首曲子
Not only
the old farmer but also his family were friendly
to me.
Not only his friends but also he
himself is looking forward to taking part in the
party.
3.
主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分
走
Not you but I
am to answer the question
I, not you, am to answer the question.
二、单一主语的主谓一致
1.
名词本身自带
s
作主语时
1
）学科名词
:
physics
物理
mathematics/maths
数学
economics
经济学
politics
政治学
新闻
; news
体操：
Gymnastics
As
we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in
science.
物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科
Mathematics is a required course for
middle school
students.
数学是中学生的一门必修课
Einstein once said
,
“
Politics is much more
difficult than physics.
”
注意
：当
mathematics
表示运算时
谓语动词用单数复数都可
If my
mathematics is/are right, the answer is
56.
如果我的运算正确，答案就是
56
The television news is at 7
o
’
clock in the evening every
day
Gymnastics is my
sister
’
s favourite sport
2)
有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语
means
方式方法
aircraft
飞
机
works
工厂
crossroads
十字路口
deer
鹿
sheep
羊
fish
鱼
This works was build in
1982
这座工厂是
By far, three steelworks have been
closed down in this city
This means of transport has been tried
All possible means have
been tried
3
）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时
，谓语动词用复数
chopsticks
筷子
compasses
圆规
glasses
眼镜
gloves
手套
Jeans
牛仔裤
pants
裤子
scissors
剪子
shoes
鞋子
shorts
短裤
socks
短袜
trousers
裤子
My trousers are white and his clothes
are black.
我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的
Why are your shoes so dirty?
注意
;
如果这些词由单位词
（
a pair of , a suit of , a
piece of , a kind of
等）修饰时
，<
/p>
单位词
的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
A pair of scissors is lying in that
drawer.
These kinds of glasses are
popular this summer.
4)
表示国家、
人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
The united States is a developed
country
The New York Times is widely
read in the world.
5)
以
-s
结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数
The Himalayas have a magnificent
variety of plants.
植物种类繁多
The Niagara Falls are splendid
waterfalls.
6)
以
-S
结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数
belongings
财产
clothes
衣服
plastics
earnings
收入
goods
货物
leavings
剩余
savings
储存
All the goods are very expensive.
2.
集体名词作主语时
1
）
mankind,
humanity,
man
作主语时，谓语一般用单数
Only man knows how to cook.
只有人懂得烹饪
【注】
mankind
表示“人
(
类
)
”有时表示
复数意义
,
尤其是其表语是复数时：
Mankind are intelligent animals.
人是理智的动物
.
2
）
people, police,
cattle, youth
等作主语时，只有单数形式
,
但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复
数
The police are investigating the riot.
正在调查暴乱事件
The
cattle are grazing the the field
正在牧场吃草
Many
cattle were killed for this.
就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜
【注】
people
作民族讲时有复数形式
.
如：
There are 56
peoples in China
3
）
family, crowd
等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词
这类集体名词有：
Army
，
assembly
议
会
集
会
audience
band
class
club
committee
company
congress
议会
youth
crew
全体工作人员
crowd
enemy
family
gang
团伙
government
group
herd
牧群
jury
population
public
team
强调整体用单数谓
语强调个体用复数谓语
The family is going to move to New York
The family have different opinions
about their going abroad
The football club committee arranges
all the matches
The football club
committee have decided to dismiss him.
比较：
A family , a
group , a class
做主语时用单数谓语
Families, groups, classes
作主语时用复数谓语
A group
is coming to the
zoo.
一队人正朝着动物园走来
4
）
baggage
/
luggage(
行李
),
clothing(
衣服
),
furniture(
家具
),
machinery(
机器
),
poetry(
诗
),
scenery(
风景
),
jewelry(
珠宝
),
equipment(
设备
)
< br>等
,
是不可数名词
,
只用单数形式
,
不用不定冠词
(
当然更不能用数词
)
Our clothing protects us from [against]
the cold.
我们的衣服可以御寒
.
Have you checked all your baggage?
你所有行李都托运了吗
?
【注】
machinery,
poetry,
jewelry,
scenery
等相应的个体可数名词是
machine,
poem,
jewel,
scene
等
.
如：
a poem / a piece
of poetry(
一首诗
),many machines
/ much machinery / many pieces
of
machinery(
许多机器
).
5
）
hair
的用法
< br>
hair(
头发
,
毛发
)
指
全部头发或毛发
时
,
为集合名词
(
不可数
)
；
指几根头发或毛发时
,
为个体名词
(
可数
)
：
My hair has grown very long.
我的头发已长得很长了
.
The
police found two hairs there.
警察在那儿找到了两根头发
.
6
）
fruit
的用法
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