-
英语中什么叫做物质名词
这里需要把名词的分
类跟您说清楚
,
您就明白了
.
名词可以分为专有
名词
(Proper
Nouns)
和普通名词
(Commo
n
Nouns),
专有名词是某个
(
些
)
人
,
p>
地方
,
机构等专有的名称
< br>,
如
:Beijing,
Ch
ina
等
.
普通名词是一类人或
东西或是一个抽象概念的名词
,
如
:book
,sadness
等
普通名词又可分
为下面四类
:
1
个体名词
:
表示某
类人或东西中的个体
,
2
集体名词<
/p>
:
表
示若干个个体组成的集合体
, 3
物质名词
:
表示
无法分为个体的实物
, 4
抽象名词
:
表示动作
,
状态
,
品质
,
感情等抽象概念
,
个体名词和集体名
词可以用数目来计算
,
称为可数名词
(Countable
p>
Nouns),
物质名词和抽
象名词一般无
法用数目计算
,
称为不可数名词
(Un
countable Nouns).
定义
有具体的存在,但是不可数却有固定形状的物件的(如气体、
液体、
粉状或细粒状物体、
材料、
块状物体等)
,
称为物质名词。
物
质名词在使用上的注意事项如下:
(
1
)物质
名词因属不可数名词,
所以不冠用
“a
(
an
)
”
,
也没有复数。
例:
Do you like to have a wate
r?
(
×
)
(你要喝点水吗?
——
把
“a”
去掉或改为
“so
me”
。
)
例:
In
summer we
drink many waters.
(
×
< br>)
(夏天我们喝很多的水。
——
把
“many waters”<
/p>
改为
“much
(
a lot of
)
water”
。
)
p>
some
和
any
的用法小结
一、
some
和
any
作为形容词或代词,可以用来说明或代替
复数名词
或不可数名词,表示不定量,意为
“
< br>一些
”
,其区别是:对其所说明或
代替的名词持肯定态度时,用
some
;持非肯定(否定或疑
问)态度
时,用
any
。
在以下句子中使用<
/p>
some
:
1.
肯定句(包括肯定的陈述句和祈
使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的
陈述部分)
。如:
There are
some new books on the teacher's desk.
We have a lot of sugar.
Take some with you, please.
He bought some bread,
didn't he?
2.
持肯定态度的一般疑问句。如:
Are there some
stamps in that drawer?
Didn't she give you some money?
3.
表示
请求或建议的一般疑问句,通常都希望得到对方肯定的答
复,所以也用
< br>some
。如:
May I ask you some
questions?
Would you like some tea?
4.
特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。因为
特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不
对
some
所说明或代替的名词表示疑问。如:
Where can I get some
buttons?
Do you
have some pens or pencils?
在以下句子中使用
ANY
:
1.
否定句(包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的
陈述部分)
p>
。如:
I can't give you any help now.
Do not make any noise.
There weren't
any trees here, were there?
2.
含有除
not
以外的其他否定词或否定结构的句子。如:
Jim hardly
makes any mistakes in his homework.
He went to London without
any money in his pocket.
She was too poor to buy any new
clothes.
3.
一般疑问句(持肯定态度的除外)
。如:
Did she buy any
tomatoes yesterday?
I want some paper. Do you have any?
4.
条件状语从句。如:
If you are
looking for any ink, you can find it on my desk.
If there are
any good apples there, get me two kilos, please.
因为条件句
“
如果
……”
表达的也是不肯定的态
度。所以,如果说
话者持肯定的态度或期待得到肯定的答复时,则可以用
some
。如:
Bring me two pieces of
paper if you have some.
p>
r/if
(是否)引导的名词从句。如:
It is still
unknown whether they have found any proof.
He asked if he
could drink any cool water.
二、
some
还可表示
“
某些
”
< br>或用在单数名词前表示
“
某一个
”
。
any
则可用于表示
“
任何一些
”
或
“
(至少
3
个中)任何一
个
”
,二者均可用
于肯定或非肯定的句
子中。如:
I don't like some of them.
He is working at some place
in the north.
Any criminal(s) will be punished.
You can take
any of these.
三
、
some
和
any
< br>也可作为副词,用于比较级前,表示程度,意
为
“
稍许,几分
”
,用法与其作形容词或代词表示
“
一些
”
时基
本相同。
如:
He feels some better now.
She was so
tired that she could not go any further.
some
还可以用在数字之前,意为
“
大约
”<
/p>
。如:
He is some forty years old.
四、由
some-
< br>和
any-
构成的复合不定代词和不定副词,其用法区<
/p>
别多与
some
和
any
相同。如:
Something is wrong with her
eyes.
There is
not anybody in this room.
Have you seen it anywhere?
Haven't you forgotten
something?
(持肯定态度
<
练习
><
/p>
请用
some
或
any
填空:
1) Could you get me _____
coffee, please?
2) I heard that he would stay there for
_____ days.
3)
Don't take _____ magazines out of the reading-
room.
4)-Did he
buy _____ cakes or cookies?
-Cookies, I
think.