-
1998
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
试题
Section I Cloze
Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in
the following passage, there are four choices
marked [A], [B], [C],
and [D]. Choose
the best one and mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1
by blackening
the
corresponding letter in the
brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Until recent
l
y most historians spoke
very critically of the Industrial
Revolution. They1that in the long run
industrialization greatly raised the standard of
living for the
2
man. But they insisted that
its
3
results during the period from
1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty
and misery for the
4
of the English
population.
5
contrast, they
saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to
1750, when England was still a
6
agricultural country, a period of great
abundance
and prosperity.
This view,
7
, is generally
thought to be wrong. Specialists
8
history and
economics, have
9
two things:
that the period from 1650 to 1750 was
10
by
great poverty, and that
industrialization certainly did not worsen and may
have
actually improved the conditions
for the majority of the populace.
1.
[
A
]
admitted
[
B
]
believed
[
C
]
claimed
[
D
]
predicted
2.
[
A
]
plain
[
B
]
average
[
C
]
mean
[
D
]
normal
3.
[
A
]
momentary
[
B
]
prompt
[
C
]
instant
[
D
]
immediate
4.
[
A
]
bulk
[
B
]
host
[
C
]
gross
[
D
]
magnitude
5.
[
A
]
On
[
B
]
With
[
C
]
For
[
D
]
By
6.
[
A
]
broadly
[
B
]
thoroughly
[
C
]
generally
[
D
]
completely
7.
[
A
]
however
[
B
]
meanwhile
[
C
]
therefore
[
D
]
moreover
8.
[
A
]
at
[
B
]
in
[
C
]
about
[
D
]
for
9.
[
A
]
manifested
[
B
]
approved
[
C
]
shown
[
D
]
speculated
10.
[
A
]
noted
[
B
]
impressed
[
C
]
labeled
[
D
]
marked
Section
Ⅱ
Directions:
Each
of the passages below is followed by some
questions. For each question there are four
answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].
Read the passages carefully and choose the best
answer to
each of the questions. Then
mark your answer on the
ANSWER SHEET
1
by blackening the
corresponding letter in the brackets.
(40 points)
Reading
Comprehension
Text 1
Few
creations of big technology capture the
imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is
humankind?s long suffering at
the
mercy of flood and drought that
makes the idea of forcing the
waters to
do our bidding so fascinating. But to be
fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind.
Several giant dam projects threaten to
do more harm than good.
The
lesson from dams is that big is
not
always beautiful. It doesn?t help that building a
big,
powerful dam has become a symbol
of achievement for nations and people striving to
assert
themselves. Egypt?s leadership
in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High
Dam.
Turkey?s bid for Firs
t
World status includes the giant Ataturk
Dam.
But big dams tend not
to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example,
stopped the Nile
flooding but deprived
Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all
in return for a giant reservoir of
disease which is now so full of silt
that it barely generates electricity.
And yet, the myth of controlling the
waters persists. This week, in the heart of
civilized
Europe, Slovaks and
Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the
troops in their contention
over a dam
on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have
all the usual problems of big
dams. But
Slovakia is bidding for independence from the
Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove
itself.
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has
given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed
Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this
even though its advisors say the dam will cause
hardship for the powerless and
environmental destruction. The benefits are for
the powerful, but
they are far from
guaranteed.
Proper,
scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the
cost and benefits of controlling
water
can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric
power and flood control and irrigation are
possible without building monster dams.
But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to
be
either proper, or scientific. It is
time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.
You don?t need
a dam to be
saved.
11.
The
third sentence of Paragraph 1 implies that
________.
[A] people would
be happy if they shut their eyes to
reality
[B] the blind could
be happier than the sighted
[C] over-excited people tend to neglect
vital things
[D] fascination
makes people lose their eyesight
12.
In Paragraph 5, “the
powerless” probably refers to ________.
[A] areas short of
electricity
[B] dams without
power stations
[C] poor
countries around India
[D]
common people in the Narmada Dam area
13.
What is the myth
concerning giant dams?
[A]
They bring in more fertile soil.
[B] They help
defend the country.
[C] They
strengthen international ties.
[D] They have universal control of the
waters.
14.
What
the author tries to suggest may best be
interpreted as ________.
[A]
“It?s no use crying over spilt milk”
[B] “More haste, less speed”
[C] “Look before you leap”
[D] “He who laughs last laughs
best”
Text 2
Well, no gain without pain, they say.
But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you
go
in America, you hear tales of
corporate revival. What is harder to establish is
whether the
productivity revolution
that businessmen assume they are presiding over is
for real.
The official
statistics are mildly discouraging. They show
that, if you lump manufacturing
and
services together, productivity has grown on
average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat
faster than the average during the
previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has
increased by
about 2% a year, which is
more than twice the 1978-87 average. The trouble
is that part of the
recent acceleration
is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this
point in a business cycle, and so
is
not conclusive evidence of a revival in the
underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the
treasury sec
retary, says, a
“disjunction” between the mass of business
anecdote that points to a
leap in
productivity and the picture reflected by the
statistics.
Some of this can
be easily explained. New ways of organizing the
workplace -- all that
re-engineering
and downsizing -- are only one contribution to the
overall productivity of an
economy,
which is driven by many other factors such as
joint investment in equipment and
machinery, new technology, and
investment in education and training. Moreover,
most of the
changes that companies make
are intended to keep them profitable, and this
need not always mean
increasing
productivity: switching to new markets or
improving quality can matter just as
much.
Two other explanations
are more speculative. First, some of the business
restructuring of
recent years may have
been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well
done, it may have spread
much less
widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic
and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a
rapidly growi
ng chain of
bakery cafes, says that much
“re
-
engineering” has been
crude. In many
cases, he believes, the
loss of revenue has been greater than the
reductions in cost. His colleague,
Michael Beer, says that far too many
companies have applied re-engineering in a
mechanistic
fashion, chopping out costs
without giving sufficient thought to
long-
term profitability. BBDO?s
Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses
a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as
mere
rubbish --
“the worst
sort of ambulance chasing.”
15.
According to the author,
the American economic situation is
________.
[A] not as good as
it seems
[B] at its turning point
[C] much better than it
seems
[D] near to complete
recovery
16.
The
official statistics on productivity growth
________.
[A] exclude the
usual rebound in a business cycle
[B] fall short of businessmen?s
anticipation
[C] meet the
expectation of business people
[D] fail to reflect the true state of
economy
17.
The
author raises the question “what about pain
without gain?” because ________.
[A] he questions the truth of “no gain
without pain”
[B] he does
not think the productivity revolution
works
[C] he wonders if the
official statistics are misleading
[D] he has conclusive evidence for the
revival of businesses
18.
Which of the following statements is
NOT mentioned in the passage?
[A] Radical reforms are essential for
the increase of productivity.
[B] New ways of organizing workplaces
may help to increase productivity.
[C] The reduction of costs is not a
sure way to gain long-term
profitability.
[D] The
consultants are a bunch of good-for-
nothings.
Text 3
Science has long had an uneasy
relationship with other aspects of culture. Think
of
Gallileo’
s
17th-
century trial for his
rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or
poet William Blake?s harsh
remarks
against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.
The schism between science and the
humanities has, if anything, deepened
in this century.
Until
recently, the scientific community was so powerful
that it could afford to ignore its
critics --
but no longer. As
funding for science has declined, scientists have
attacked “anti
-
science”
in several books, notably
Higher Superstition
, by Paul
R. Gross, a biologist at the University of
Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a
mathematician at Rutgers University; and
The Demon-Haunted
World
, by Carl Sagan of
Cornell University.
Defenders of science have also voiced
their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight
from
Science and Reason,”
held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the
Age of (Mis)
information,” which
assembled last June near Buffalo.
Anti-science clearly means different
things to different people. Gross and Levitt find
fault
primarily with
sociolog
ists, philosophers and other
academics who have questioned science?s
objectivity. Sagan is more concerned
with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and
other
phenomena that contradict the
scientific worldview.
A survey of news stories in
1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been
attached to many
other groups as well,
from authorities who advocated the elimination of
the last remaining stocks
of smallpox
virus to Republicans who advocated decreased
funding for basic research.
Few would dispute that the term applies
to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in
1995, scorns science and longs for
return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely
that does not
mean environmentalists
concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are
anti-science, as an
essay in
US News & World Report
last
May seemed to suggest.
The
environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such
critics. The true enemies of science,
argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford
University, a pioneer of environmental studies,
are those who
question the evidence
supporting global warming, the depletion of the
ozone layer and other
consequences of
industrial growth.
Indeed,
some observers fear that the anti-science epithet
is in danger of becoming
meaningless.
“The term ?anti
-
science? can
lump together too many, quite different things,”
notes
Harvard University philosopher
Gerald Holton in his 1993 work
Science
and Anti-Science
. “They
have
in common only one thing that they tend to annoy
or threaten those who regard themselves
as more enlightened.”
19.
Th
e word
“schism” (Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context
probably means ________.
[A]
confrontation
[B]
dissatisfaction
[C]
separation
[D]
contempt
20.
Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to
________.
[A] discuss the
cause of the decline of science?s power
[B] s
how the author?s
sympathy with scientists
[C]
explain the way in which science
develops
[D] exemplify the
division of science and the humanities
21.
Which of the following
is true according to the passage?
[A] Environmentalists were blamed for
anti-science in an essay.
[B] Politicians are not subject to the
labeling of anti-science.
[C] The “more enlightened” tend to tag
others as anti
-science.
[D] Tagging environmentalists as
“anti
-
science” is
justifiable.
22.
The author?s attitude toward the issue
of “science vs.
anti
-
science” is
________.
[A]
impartial
[B]
subjective
[C]
biased
[D]
puzzling
Text 4
Emerging
from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation
developing more and more regional
competition, as population growth in
the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near
standstill.
This development
-- and its strong implications for US politics and
economy in years ahead
--
has enthroned the South as America?s
most densely populated region for the first time
in the
history of the nation?s head
counting.
Altogether, the US
population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million
people -- numerically the
third-largest
growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so,
that gain adds up to only 11.4
percent,
lowest in American annual records except for the
Depression years.
Americans
have been migrating south and west in larger
numbers since World War II, and
the
pattern still prevails.
Three sun-belt states -- Florida, Texas
and California -- together had nearly 10 million
more
people in 1980 than a decade
earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from
14th to 8th and
San Antonio from 15th
to 10th -- with Cleveland and Washington. D. C.,
dropping out of the top
10.
Not all that shift can be attributed to
the movement out of the snow belt, census
officials say.
Nonstop waves of
immigrants played a role, too --
and so
did bigger crops of babies as yesterday?s
“baby boom” generation reached its
child bearing years.
Moreover, demographers see the
continuing shift south and west as joined by a
related but
newer phenomenon: More and
more, Americans apparently are looking not just
for places with
more jobs but with
fewer people, too. Some
instances
—
■
Regionally, the Rocky
Mountain states reported the most rapid growth
rate -- 37.1 percent
since 1970 in a
vast area with only 5 percent of the US
population.
■
Among states, Nevada and
Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent
respectively.
Except for Florida and
Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of
Western states with 7.5
million people
-- about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects
the migration from snow belt to more bearable
climates.
Nowhere
do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the
American search for spacious living
than in the Far West. There, California
added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s,
more than
any other state.
In that decade, however, large numbers
also migrated from California, mostly to other
parts
of the West. Often they chose --
and still are choosing -- somewhat colder climates
such as Oregon,
Idaho and Alaska in
order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of
urbanization in the Golden
State.
As a
result, California?s growth rat
e
dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent --
little more
than two thirds the 1960s?
growth figure and considerably below that of other
Western states.
23.
Discerned from the perplexing picture
of population growth the 1980 census provided,
America in 1970s ________.
[A] enjoyed the lowest net growth of
population in history
[B] witnessed a
southwestern shift of population
[C] underwent an unparalleled period of
population growth
[D]
brought to a standstill its pattern of migration
since World War II
24.
The census distinguished itself from
previous studies on population movement in that
________.
[A] it
stresses the climatic influence on population
distribution
[B] it
highlights the contribution of continuous waves of
immigrants
[C] it reveals
the Ameri
cans? new pursuit of spacious
living
[D] it elaborates the
delayed effects of yesterday?s “baby
boom”
25.
We can
see from the available statistics that
________.
[A] California was
once the most thinly populated area in the whole
US
[B] the top 10 states in
growth rate of population were all located in the
West
[C] cities with better
climates benefited unanimously from
migration
[D] Arizona ranked
second of all states in its growth rate of
population
26.
The word “demographers” (Line 1,
Paragraph 8) most probably means
________.
[A] people in
favor of the trend of democracy
[B] advocates of migration between
states
[C] scientists
engaged in the study of population
[D] conservatives clinging to old
patterns of life
Text
5
Scattered around the globe
are more than 100 small regions of isolated
volcanic activity
known to geologists
as hot spots. Unlike most of the world?s
volcanoes, they are not always found
at
the boundaries of the great drifting plates that
make up the earth?s surface; on the contrary,
many of them lie deep in the interior
of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only
slowly, and in
some cases the movement
of the plates past them has left trails of dead
volcanoes. The hot spots
and their
volcanic trails are milestones that mark the
passage of the plates.
That
the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.
Africa and South America, for example,
are moving away from each other as new
material is injected into the sea floor between
them. The
complementary coastlines and
certain geological features that seem to span the
ocean are
reminders of where the two
continents were once joined. The relative motion
of the plates carrying
these continents
has been constructed in detail, but the motion of
one plate with respect to another
cannot readily be translated into
motion with respect to
the earth?s
interior. It is not possible to
determine whether both continents are
moving in opposite directions or whether one
continent is
stationary and the other
is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in
the deeper layers of the
earth, provide
the measuring instruments needed to resolve the
question. From an analysis of the
hot-spot population it
appears that the African plate is stationary and
that it has not moved during
the past
30 million years.
The
significance of hot spots is not confined to their
role as a frame of reference. It now
appears that they also have an
important influence on the geophysical processes
that propel the
plates across the
globe. When a continental plate come to rest over
a hot spot, the material rising
from
deeper layers creates a broad dome. As the dome
grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in
at least a few cases the continent may
break entirely along some of these fissures, so
that the hot
spot initiates the
formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier
theories have explained the
mobility of
the continents, so hot spots may explain their
mutability (inconstancy).
27.
The author believes that
________.
[A] the motion of
the plates corresponds to that of the earth?s
interior
[B] the geological
theory about drifting plates has been proved to be
true
[C] the hot spots and
the plates move slowly in opposite
directions
[D] the movement
of hot spots proves the continents are moving
apart
28.
That
Africa and South America were once joined can be
deduced from the fact that
________.
[A] the
two continents are still moving in opposite
directions
[B] they have
been found to share certain geological
features
[C] the African
plate has been stable for 30 million
years
[D] over 100 hot spots
are scattered all around the globe
29.
The hot spot theory may
prove useful in explaining ________.
[A] the structure of the African
plates
[B] the revival of
dead volcanoes
[C] the
mobility of the continents
[D] the formation of new
oceans
30.
The
passage is mainly about ________.
[A] the features of volcanic
activities
[B] the
importance of the theory about drifting
plates
[C] the significance
of hot spots in geophysical studies
[D] the process of the formation of
volcanoes
Section IV
Directions:
Read
the following passage carefully and then translate
the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Your translation must be written
clearly on the
ANSWER SHEET
2
. (15 points)
English-Chinese Translation
They were, by
far, the largest and most distant objects that
scientists had ever detected: a strip
of enormous cosmic clouds some 15
billion light-years from earth. 31) But even more
important,
it was the farthest that
scientists had been able to look into the past,
for what they were seeing
were the
patterns and structures that existed 15 billion
years ago. That was just about the moment
that the universe was born. What the
researchers found was at once both amazing and
expected:
the US National Aeronautics
and Space Administration?s Cosmic Background
Explorer satellite
--
Cobe
-- had discovered landmark evidence that the
universe did in fact begin with the primeval
explosion that has become known as the
Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated
in an
explosion from a single mass of
energy).
32) The existence
of the giant clouds was virtually required for the
Big Bang, first put
forward in the
1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant
explanation of the cosmos. According
to
the theory, the universe burst into being as a
submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure
energy that flew outward in all
directions, emitting radiation as it went,
condensing into particles
and then into
atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was
compressed by gravity into galaxies,
stars, plants and eventually, even
humans.
Cobe is designed to
see just the biggest structures, but astronomers
would
like
to
see
much
smaller
hot
spots
as
well,
the
seeds
of
local
objects
like clusters and superclusters of
galaxies. They shouldn?t have long to wait. 33)
Astrophysicists
working with
ground-based detectors at the South Pole and
balloon-borne instruments are closing
in on such structures, and may report
their findings soon.
34) If
the small hot spots look as expected, that will be
a triumph for yet another scientific
idea, a refinement of the Big Bang
called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation
says that very
early on, the universe
expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion
trillion
trillion
fold in
much
less than a second, propelled by a
sort of antigravity. 35) Odd though it sounds,
cosmic inflation is
a scientifically
plausible consequence of some respected ideas in
elementary particle physics, and
many
astrophysicists have been convinced for the better
part of a decade that it is true.
31.
________
32.
________
33.
________
34.
________
35.
________
Section V
Directions:
[A]
Study the following cartoon carefully and write an
essay in no less than 150 words.
[B] Your essay must be written clearly
on the
ANSWER SHEET 2
. (15
points)
[C] Your essay
should meet the requirements below:
Writing
1. Write out the messages
conveyed by the cartoon.
2.
Give your commentsn.
1. A
10. D
2. B
1998
年英语试题答案
Part
Ⅰ
Cloze Test
3. D
4
. A
5. D
6. D
7. A
8.B
9. C
Part
Ⅱ
Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Passage 1
11. C
12. D
13.D
14.
C
Passage 2
15.A
16.B
17.B
18.A
Passage
3
19.C
20.D
21.A
22.A
Passage 4
23.B
24.C
25.D
26.C
Passage
5
27.B
28.B
29.C
30.C
Part
Ⅲ
English
-
Chinese
Translation
31.
更为重要的是,
这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象,
因为他
们看到的是
150
亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
32.
巨大的宇宙云
的存在,实际上是
20
年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙
p>
起源论的主导地位不可缺少的。
33.
天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器和球载仪器,
正在越来越近地观测这些
云系,也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。
34.
假如这些小热点
看上去同预计的一致,那就意味着又一种科学论说的胜
利,这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论
,亦称宇宙膨胀说。
35.
宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特,
但是它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论
产
生的在科学上看来似乎可信的结论。
许多天体物理学家近十年
来一直确信这一论
说是正确的。
Section
Ⅳ
Writing(15
points)
36.
见分析
试题精解
Section I Cloze
Test
一、文章总体分析
本文在关于工业革
命对英国人民生活的影响问题上提出了两种对立的观点。
第一段讲述了第一种观点,
p>
是大部分历史学家的看法,
即工业革命的直接结果是
给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫穷和苦难。
第二段讲述的是另一种人普遍持有
的观点,
即工业革命不但没有加重这种贫困,
< br>反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改
善。
二、试题具体解析
1.[A]
admitted
承认
[B] believed
相信,认为
[C] claimed
声称
[D]
predicted
预言
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义
+
动词词义辨析。难度:
0.54
文章开篇指出:
Until recently most
historians spoke very critically of the
Industrial
Revolution
,接着第二句又谈到,
in the
long run industrialization greatly
raised the standard of living
。显然,后一句是对前一句的让步。第三句又以
But
开头,
暗示与第二句有转折关系。
因此可以肯定,
这里要表达的意思是历史学家
不得不承认既成事实。
p>
四个选项中,首先排除
predicted
,因为句子时态是过去时,表明
提高人们
的生活水平
已经是事实,不存在
p>
预测
了;其次
be
lieved
和
claimed
都是表
达人
们肯定态度的词语,
它们和首句所表达的含义自相矛盾;<
/p>
因此只有
admitted
可以
承接上下文,表示一种让步,意为
直到最近,大
多数的历史学家对工业革命仍
持强烈的批评态度。
尽管他们承认
从长远角度来看,
工业革命已大大地提高了一
般人的生活水平。
2.[A] plain
(
man
)衣着朴素或相貌平平的人
[B] average
(
man
)平民,
普通人
[C]
mean
平均的,吝啬的,卑鄙的
[D] normal
(
man
)正常人
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:形容词词义辨析。难度:
0.53
本题要求考生判断工业革命提高了什么人的生活水平。
四个选项中,<
/p>
首先排
除
mean
,
它意为
平均的
时一般不能直接作定语修饰人,
如:
the mean
temperature
(平均气温),
a mean
motive
(卑鄙的动机)而
a mean man(
自私的、刻薄的人
)
;
A
选项强调的衣着和相貌与上下文没有关系;
从文意来看,<
/p>
这里只是泛泛谈到工
业革命对一般人的影响,并无正常和不正常人的区分,因此,
D
项也不正确;只
有
average
man
符合语意,意为:工业化提高了普通老百姓的生活水平。
3.[A]
momentary
瞬间的
,
刹那间的
[B] prompt
敏捷的,
迅速的
,
即时的
[C]
instant
直接的,立即的
[D]
immediate
迅速的,直接的
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:形容词词义辨析。难度:
0.22
空格处的形容词修饰
results
。
从下文来看,
考生需判断
from 1750
to 1850 were
widespread poverty and
misery
是怎样一种后果。四个选项中,
momenta
ry
强调相
当短促的一段时间,如:
m
omentary joy
(瞬息的喜悦);
prompt
p>
强调速度很快,
如:
Prompt
payment of bills greatly helps our company.
(迅速付款帮了我们公司大
忙);
instant
p>
通常指不需要花很多时间就可以完成的,如:
instant no
odles
(方便
面)。根据下文可知,这种结果持续了一百年
,因此表示短暂时间的
A
、
B
、
C
这三个选项都应加以排除。只有
immediate
除了表示
立刻的
,还有
直接的
之
意,如:
the immediate cause of death
(死亡的直接原
因),它和
results
搭配,意
为
(工业革命的)
直接结果
,
符合文意。
此外,
它与上句中时间状语
in the long
run
形成对照。
4.[A] bulk
(
of
)
[B] host
(
of
)
[C] gross
(
of
)
[D] magnitude
(
of
)
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:修饰名词的前置短语。难度:
0.28
<
/p>
从结构上看,
空格所在名词组成
the4
of
短语,
并修饰不可数名词
popu
lation
。
首先排除
host
p>
和
gross
,
h
ost
组成的短语只能是
a host of
或
hosts of
,
意为
许多
,
如:
a host of students
(许多学生);
gross
作名词时,可表示
p>
一罗(
12
打,<
/p>
144
个)
,但
只和具体数字而不和定冠词搭配,如:
two grosses of bananas
(两罗香
蕉),它也可表示
总收入
,如:
gross
for the year
(年收入),但我们不能说
对于英国人口总收入的广泛贫困
;
magnitude
意为
巨
大
,如:
The magnitude
of
the flood was impossible to comprehe
nd.
(这场水灾之大是无法想像的),但放入
文中,表示
p>
对于英国人口的巨大的广泛贫困
也不符合语意。正确选项是
bulk
,
the bulk of
是固定搭配,意为
大多数,大部分
,相当于
,在文
中,
the bulk
of English population
意为
大多数英国人
。
5.[A] On
[B]
With
[C] For
[D] By
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:习惯搭配。难度:
0.48
contrast
的常用短语是
by
contrast
和
in contrast
,选项中其它介词都不和
contrast
搭配。
p>
By contrast
意为
对比起来,
与之相比
,
p>
强调与另一事物进行比较,
存在反差。它可单独使用,也可在后面接
比较对象,从文意上讲,文中空格前提
到,
1750
和
1850
年间英国人民普遍贫穷和苦难
(
widespread poverty and misery
p>
)
,
空格后则提到
1650
到
1750
间英国的繁荣富足
(
great abundance and prosper
ity
)
,
两者刚好形成鲜明的对比。
因此,选项
D
正确。
知识点补充:
by contrast
表示
对比之下
,
可以和
连用,
也可以单独使
用,例如:
His brother is
very silent. By contrast, he is very out
?
spoken.
(他弟弟非
常安静
,
相比之下,
他非常健谈)
;
By contrast with his brother, he is very ou
t
?
spoken.
(和弟弟相比,<
/p>
他非常健谈)
。
in contrast
必须与
wit
h
或
to
连用,
如:
Her affected
manner is in
striking contrast with her
sister
?
s spontaneous gait.
p>
(她矫揉造作的样子
和她妹妹天生的乐观形成了鲜明的对比)。
p>
6.[A]
broadly
大体上,概括地,广泛地
[
B
]
thoroughly
彻底地
[
C
]
generally
通常地
,
一般地
,
普遍地
[
D
]
completely
完全地
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义
+
副词词义辨析。难度:
0.40
p>
从结构上来说,所填选项用来修饰形容词
agricultural
。四个选项中,先排除
A
、
C
选项,它们一般不修饰形容词,而修饰动词。如:
The question must be
considered
broadly.
(这个问题必须被广泛地考虑);
The
plan has been generally
accepted.
(这项计划被人们普遍接受)。
thoroughly
强调程度彻底;
completely
强调范围的广泛性。<
/p>
根据常识或上文的提示可知,
工业革命发生在
1750
年~
1850
年间,
p>
1750
年以前,英国还没有工业革命的迹象。也就是说,那时的英
国还是
一个纯粹的完完全全的农业国。这里主要强调的是广度不是深度,因此
D
是正
确答案。
7.[A]
however
然而,表转折关系
[B]
meanwhile
同时,表时间关系
[C]
therefore
因此,所以,表因果关系
[D]
moreover
而且,表递进关系
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系。难度:
0.89
两个逗号间显然要填入一个逻辑词。考生关键要判断空格所在句子
This
view,7, is generally thought to be
wrong
和上文之间的关系。从上下文来看,句中
的
this view
指的是上段历史学家们的观点,即大多数历史学家
对工业革命仍持
批判态度。
而这句话指出这种观点被普遍认为是
错误的,
接着下文又介绍了一种
完全相反的观点。因此空格处应
是一种表转折关系的逻辑词,答案只能选
however
。
p>
8.[A] at
[B] in
[C] about
[D] for
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:习惯搭配。难度:
0.74
本题考查哪个介词与名词
specialist
搭配
,
表示
某方面的专家
< br>
。
能表达这个
含义的介词只有<
/p>
in
,如:
a specialist
in linguistics
(语言学专家)。类似的用法还
有
specialize
in
(擅长于,专攻)和
expert
in
(…的专家),如:
He specializes in
math.
(他专攻数学);
expe
rt in teaching small
children
(幼儿教育专家)。
9.[A]
manifested
表现,证明
[B]
approved
同意,批准,赞同
[C] shown
指出,显示,说明
[D]
speculated
推测
,
思索
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是:动词词义辨析。难度:
0.39
本题要求考生判断
历
史和经济学方面的专家
对两件事情作了什么动作。
首
先,需要知道这两件事是什么。从下文可知,一是
1650
年~
1750
年有显著的贫<
/p>
困(
great poverty
),二
是工业革命当然没有加重这种贫困,而是使绝大多数人
的生活得到了改善。其中,第一件
是客观事实,第二件是一种观点。接着,由上
文可知,专家做这个动作的目的是为了证明
历史学家对工业革命持批判态度的
观点
是错误的
。
四个选项中,
approve
一般指
<
/p>
赞成,
通过
,<
/p>
如:
Congress approved the budge
t.
(国会批准了国家预算),显然我们不能说专家赞成
显著的贫困
这个事实;
speculate
是一个不及物动词,一般与
on
搭配,如:
I
?
ve
been speculating on my
future.
(我一直在思索我的未来),因此也可排出;余下两个
选项,
manifest
可
译为
证明
,
show
意为
指出,
表明
,
由于文中并未
论述专家如何证明这两件事
情,而只是把这些专家的观点和历史家的观点作了比较,因此
have shown two
things
为正确答案,即:指出了两件事。
10.[A] <
/p>
(
was
)
no
ted
(
for/as
)因…而著名<
/p>
[B]
(
w
as
)
impressed
(
by
)被…留下深刻印象
[C]
(
was
)
labeled
as
被视为…,被称作…
[D] <
/p>
(
was
)
ma
rked
(
by
)具有…的特征
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是:动词词义和用法辨析。难度:
0.41<
/p>
本题要求填入一个动词的过去分词与其前后的
period
和
by great poverty
搭
配,由上下文语义可知
great
poverty
是
the period
的一个特征。首先
A
、
C
选项
在与表特征的词搭配时不能用
by
,如
This country is noted for its
china.
(这个国
家以瓷器而闻名);
He was labeled as a communist.
(他被称作是共
产主义者)。
B
、
D
< br>两项虽然都能与
by
搭配,
但<
/p>
B
选项的主语一般是人,
如
I am deeply impressed
by his
words.
(我被他的话深深地打动了),而不能是
the
period
。只有
D
选项
marked
放入文中符合逻辑,表示
该阶段以显著的贫困为特征
。
三、全文翻译
直到最近,
p>
大多数的历史学家对工业革命仍然颇有微词。
尽管他们承认从长
p>
远角度讲,
工业革命已大大地提高了一般人的生活水平。
然而他们坚持认为,
工
业革命在
< br>1750
和
1850
年间引起的
直接结果是给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫
穷和苦难。
相比之
下,
他们把在此之前从
1650
到
p>
1750
的一百年看成是一个繁荣
富足的时
期。尽管那个时候英国还是一个完全意义上的农业国家。
然而
,
人们通常认为这种观点是错误的。
历史和经济学专家已指出两
件事情:
一是
1650
至
1750
年间以显著的贫困为特征;
二是工业革命不
但没有加重这种贫
困,反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。
Section
Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension
Text
1
一、文章结构总体分析
这是一篇批评盲目建造水坝的文章,
文章开宗明义,
进而使用了大量例子证
明作者的观点,
挖掘了这种盲目性的
内在原因,
最后进行了总结,
是一篇典型的
总
-
分
-
总结构的文章。
第一段:段首几句话为引子,引出全文主题句
(最后一句):几个大坝工程
带来的害处可能大于益处。
p>
第二至第五段:通过大量举例说明人们想通过大坝控制水的神话依然存在。
< br>人们建造大坝来显示成就、
证明实力,
但其效果并没有人
们预先设想的好,
因为
大坝带来的并不一定是利益。
第六段:呼吁人们应该吸取历史教训,不要盲目建大坝。
二、试题具体分析
1.
第一段第三句的隐含意义是。
third sentence of paragraph 1
implies
that.
[A] people would be
happy if they shut
[A]
人们如果无视现实就会感到快乐
their eyes to reality
[B] the blind
could be happier than the
[B]
盲人比有眼睛的人更幸福
sighted
[C]
over
?
excited people tend to
neglect
[C]
过于兴奋的人容易忽视极为重要
vital
things
的事情
[D] fascination makes people lose their
[D]
兴奋使人丧失视力
eyesight
[
答案
] C
[
分析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:推理引申题。难度:
0.77
第一段前两句谈到人们热衷建坝的事实以及热衷的自然原因,
第四句却提出
有些大坝弊大于利
的观点。作者前后态度不一致,变化突然,由此推知第三句
应该在态度上与前面相比
有所转折。
C
选项是原句的释义,
它引
出了作者对建坝
行为的批评,为正确答案。此外,理解这句话的关键是理解
blind
一词,句中取
的是其引申义
盲目的
,
< br>而
B
选项和
D
< br>选项都取其本义
盲人,
瞎
,
因而理解上
有了偏
差。
A
选项与文意不符。
技巧:考生可以根据句子和段落前后的并列、转折等关系去解题。
aph 5,
2.
第五段的词语
p>
很可能
refers
to.
是指。
[A] areas short of
electricity
[A]
缺电的地区
[B] dams
without power stations
[B]
没有建发电站的大坝
[C]
poor countries around India
[C]
印度周边的穷国
[D] common people in the Narmada Dam
[D]
纳尔马达河大坝周围的平民百姓
area
[
答案
] D
[
分析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:词义题。难度:
0.29
首先从语法角度看,定冠词
the
加上形容词或分词多
用于表示具有某种属性
的人群:如
the
rich
富人,据此可排除将
the powerless
p>
解释为
地区、大坝、穷国
< br>
的干扰选项,
直接得出
D
选项正确。
此外根据上下文可知,
cause
hardship for the
powerless
与最
后一句中的
The benefits are for the
powerful
对应,
the powerless
承
担的是
苦难
,而
the powerful
获得的是
利益
;它们应该代表印度社会中的不
同阶层:
后者指有权有
势的人,
那么前者应指无权无势的人,
即大坝地区的平民
百姓。
is the myth
concerning giant
3.
关于大型水坝的神话是什么?
dams?
[A] They
bring in more fertile soil.
[A]
它们带来更肥沃的土地。
[B] They help defend the
country.
[B]
它们有助于国防。
[C] They
strengthen international ties.
[C]
它们加强国际关系。
[D] They have universal control of the
[D]
它们普遍能够控制水。
waters.
[
答案
] D
[
分析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:具体细节题。难度:
0.73
文章第四段第一句话明确指出
the myth of
controlling the waters persists
,
因此
可知该神话就是指
D
选项
的内容。
A
选项与第三段第二句提到的埃及的阿斯旺
水坝使之失去沃土的内容相反。文中只提到建坝是为了证实自己的实力:
a
symbol of achievement
(
第二段)
和
bidding for
independence... needs a dam to prove
it
self
(第四段),而未提到是为了保卫国家或加强国际关系,因此
< br>B
、
C
选项不
< br>对。
the author tries to
suggest may
4.
作者想通过本文说明的道理是。
best be interpreted as.
[A]
?
s no use
crying over spilt milk
[A]
覆水难收,后悔是没用的
[B]
[B]
欲速则不达
[C]
[C]
三思而行
[D]
[D]
谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好
[
答案
] C
[
分析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:文章主旨题。难度:
0.74
文章中作者的态度非常明确。
全文都围绕建坝的盲目性而展开论说;
最后一
段,作者更是直接指出:应该对大坝的影响做出正确的、科学的
评估,放弃大坝
的神话,吸取阿斯旺水坝的教训。因而可以推知,作者是在呼吁切忌盲目
行动。
只有
C
选项与作者提出的建议吻
合,其他选项都不能正确反映作者观点。
三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
①
Perhaps it is
humankind
?
s long suffering
at the mercy of flood and drought
that
makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our
bidding so fascinating.
该句子的主干结构是强调句型
it is...that...
,
that
后面部分含有
make+
宾语
(
n.
p>
)
+
宾补
(
a.
)
的复合结构
m
ake the idea so fascinating
,
idea
后是
of
引导的介词短语
p>
做定语。
at the mercy of
意为
听凭…摆布,
完全受…支配
p>
,
如:
at
the mercy of fate
受命运的摆布;
bid<
/p>
(动词)意思很多,可表示
祝愿;命令,
要求,吩咐;投标,
出价,
报价;
尝试
,
如:
bid
for independence
争取、
试图
(获得)
独立;
Turkey
?
s
bid for First World
status includes the giant
土耳其想通过阿塔特克大坝的建
设获取
第一世界地位。句中
do our bidding
p>
意为
按照我们的指示做,按照我们的意愿办
事
。
②
It
doesn
?
t help that building a
big, powerful dam has become a symbol of
achievement for nations and people
striving to assert themselves.
该句子的主干是
it
doesn
?
t help that...
,主语
it
代指上文中提到的
大的未必
总是美的
这个教训,
谓语
help
后是一个
从句,
其主干是
building a dam has
become
a symbol of
achievement
;分词短语
striving to
assert themselves
修饰
nations
and
people
。
it
doesn
?
t help
意思是
p>
无法阻止,不起作用
。
③
The Aswan
Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but
deprived Egypt
of the fertile silt that
floods left
?
all in return
for a giant reservoir of disease, which is
now so full of silt that it barely
generates electricity.
该句的核心句是
The Aswan Dam stopped
the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt
of
the silt
,
silt
后是
p>
that
引导的定语从句
that
floods left
做定语;破折号后面部分
做整个句子的
状语,
介词短语
in return for
< br>(作为回报)
的宾语是
giant reservoir
of
disease
,后面带了一个
which
引导的从句对它进行修饰。
④
This week, in the heart of
civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped
just short of sending in the troops in
their contention over a dam on the
Danube.
句子主干是
Slovaks and Hungarians
stopped sending in the troops
,
主语之前是
时间状语和地点状语。句末的介词短语
in
their contention over a dam on the
Danu
be
做原因状语,
指出两国派兵的原因。
short of
意思是
离…有,<
/p>
差一点就…
,如:
We stopped a mile short of the top.
(我们
在离山顶一公里处,即快到山顶
的地方停住了);
send i
n
意思是
派遣
。
⑤
Proper, scientific study of
the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits
of
controlling water can help to
resolve these conflicts.
句子主干是
study can help to
resolve conflicts
;谓语
study
后接了两个由
and
连接的并列的
of
介词短语,
说明
st
udy
的内容,
分开看应该是
stud
y of the impacts
of dams
和
study of the costs and
benefits of controlling
water
。
⑥
It is time that the world
learned the lessons of Aswan.
It is time that...
该…的时候了,
是一种虚拟语气的形式,
后面从句中谓语注意
要用过去时。强调做某个事情的时机成熟了。如:
It is time that
we learned to take
care of
ourselves.
佳句赏析
①
Few creations of big
technology capture the imagination like giant
dams.
表达人们对宏伟、
美好事
物的欣赏和赞叹。
如:
Few paintings can
capture such
rich imagination like Mona
Lisa
?
s smiling.
②
But to be fascinated is
also, sometimes, to be blind.
这里暗含的意思是告诫人们不要被表面的美好景象迷惑,
要理性地看到潜在
的危害。如:
Big
cities
?
fast development has
really provided us fascinating
conveniences and pleasure. However, to
be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be
blind.
③
Several
giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than
good.
这种表达也用来暗示某种事物是一把双刃剑,
p>
不能只看到好的一面,
而忽略
了潜在的危险
。
④
The lesson
from dams is that big is not always beautiful.
这种表语从句结构可以用来总结经验教训。
< br>如:
The lesson from this bad exam
is that no pains, no gains.
⑤
But big dams tend not to
work as intended.
表达一种事与愿违的遗憾。
如:
His
parents put too much hope on the child, but
his performance tended not to work as
intended.
四、核心词汇与超纲词汇
(1) c
apture
(
v.
)夺得,攻占;捕
获;(
n.
)捕获,俘虏
(2) drought
(
n.
)旱灾
(3) fascinating<
/p>
(
a.
)迷人的;
fascinate
(
v.
)迷住,
强烈吸引
(4) strive
(<
/p>
v.
)(
to
)
奋斗努力
(5) cement
(<
/p>
v.
)胶合;巩固,加强;(
n.
)水泥;胶泥,胶接剂
(6) depri
ve
(
v.
)(
of
)
夺去,使丧失
(7) conten
tion
(
n.
)争夺,竞争;争吵,
口角;
contend
(
v.
)斗争,竞争;
坚决主张
(8) go
?
ahead
(
n.
)
批准,
同意;
如:
We
?
p>
re all ready to start the new book, as
soon
as we get the
go
?
ahead from the people
concerned.
(9)wrong
?
headed
(
a.
)错误判断的;坚持错误的,执迷不悟的
(10) hydroelectric
(
a.
)水电的;
hydro
p>
?
:前缀,表示
水
,
液体
。如:
hydrobiology
水生物学;
hydro
?
cooling
水冷法;
hydro
?
mania
投水狂,自溺
五、全文翻译
在重大技术所创造的东
西中很少能像大型水坝这样激起人们想象力的。
(佳
句①)
p>
可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的摆布才使得人们治理江河、
供
我驱
策的理想如此令人痴迷。
(长难句①)
但让人着迷有时也就使人盲目。
(佳句②)
有几个巨型大坝
项目就有弊大于利的危险。(佳句③)
建造大坝的教训是:大
的未必总是美的。
(佳句④)但这个教训也无法阻止
修建高大雄
伟的大坝已成为那些力争得到自我肯定的国家和人民的伟大成就的
象征。
(
长难句②
)
埃及由于建造了
阿斯旺大坝而巩固了在阿拉伯世界的领导地
位。土耳其在力图跻身第一世界的努力中也包
括修建阿塔特克大坝。
但大坝不会像预期的那样产生效果。<
/p>
(佳句⑤)以阿斯旺大坝为例,它阻止
了尼罗河洪水泛滥,
但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃土壤,
换回来的
却是一个疾病滋生的水库。现在这个水库积满了淤泥,几乎不能发电了。
(
长难
句③)
不过,控制水的神话还在
继续。本周,在文明的欧洲腹地,斯洛伐克人和匈
牙利人就为了多瑙河上的一处水坝引起
争端,差点动用了军队。
(长难句④)这
个大型工程可能会出现
大坝所有的常见问题。
但斯洛伐克正在要求脱离捷克而独
立,现
在它们需要建一个大坝来证明自己的实力。
与此同时,
世界银行已经贷款给印度来建造问题更多的纳尔马达大坝。
尽管
世界银行的顾问指出,
该大坝将给平民带来苦难,
而且会破坏那里的环境,
但世
界银行依然一意孤行。
大坝只会给有权有势者带来利益,
而且这种利益也远远得
不到保障。
对于水坝的影响作用、
水坝控制水流的成本和收益进行恰当而科学的研究能
够有助于解决这些冲突。<
/p>
(长难句⑤)水力发电,治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大
型水坝也是
可能的。
但当你相信神话时就很难做到合理或科学。
现在是世界
吸取
阿斯旺大坝教训的时候了。(长难句⑥)我们未必要通过大坝来拯救自己。
Text
2
<
/p>
一、文章结构总体分析
这是一篇介绍美国生产力革命的文章。作者
用改写谚语的方式提出文章主
旨。
论证部分先用数据说明美国经
济形势没有商界人士认为的那样好,
接着分析
其原因是企业的生
产力革命没有促进生产力的发展。
主要使用了数据、
引文、
p>
及
说理的论证方法。
第一段:
开始部分使用谚语作为引子,
引出全文主题:
p>
美国生产力革命并没
有改善经济状况。
<
/p>
第二段:
指出官方统计数据无法证明经济的复苏,
它和生产力飞跃增长的商
业传奇不相符合。本段结构为总
-
分
-
总。第一句为主题句,中间部
分使用数据说
明,最后一句进行总结。
第三段至第五段:具体解释企业重组没有促进生产力发展的原因。
二、试题具体分析
ing to the author, the
American
1.
按照作者观点,美国经济形势。
economic situation is.
[A] not as good
as it seems
[A]
不如表面看上去那么好
[B] at
its turning point
[B]
处于转折点
[C] much
better than it seems
[C]
比表面看起来好得多
[D]
near to complete recovery
[D]
几乎完全复苏
[
答案
] A
[
分析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:段落主旨题。难度:
0.84
第一段和第二段介绍了美国的经济形势。
第一段指出,
在美国,
无论你走到
哪里都会听到企业复苏的故事。
但很难确定的是商界自认为正在进行的生产力革
命究竟是否真实。
p>
可见,
作者对美国表现出来的经济复苏的形势持怀疑态度。
第
二段进一步指出,
官方的统计数字并不让人乐
观。
最近的经济增长部分是由于商
业周期中出现反弹(
rebound
)造成的,因此不是企业复苏已经是潜在趋势的确
凿证据。
因此
A
选项
是对美国经济形势最好的概括。
在文中可以发现
discour
aging,
trouble, disjunction
等
贬义词汇的运用,说明文章的基调是沮丧的,因此
C
、
D
选
项错误,
B
选项在原文中找不到相关表述。
技巧:
p>
本文前两段虽然都在谈美国经济现状,
但没有用总结性的话进行描述
。
考生需要对作者态度和所给事实进行分析,才能够得出答案。
official statistics on productivity
2.
关于生产力增长的官方统计数据。
growth.
[A]
exclude the usual rebound in a business
[A]
排除了商业周期中的正常反弹
cycle
现象
[B] fall short of
businessmen
?
s
anticipation
[B]
没有达到商业人士的预想
[C]
meet the expectation of business people
[C]
达到了商业人士的预想
[D] fail to reflect the true state of
economy
[D]
没有反映出经济的真实状况
[
答案
] B
[
分析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:具体细节题。难度:
0.14
根据题干中的关键词
official statistics
定位到第二段。
本段最后一句指出,
在
商界有关生产力飞跃增长的传闻与统计数据反映的情况之间存在
脱节
(
dis
junction
)。也就是说在生产力增长的问题上商业人士的期望与政府统计数
p>
据不相符。
B
选项以
fall short of
代替原文中的
disjunti
on
,为正确选项。
C
选项
中
meet
一词和原文不符。
第二段第五句将
(数据反映出来的)
生产力增长的部分原因归结于经济发展
周期中的反弹现象,可见数据是反映了而非排
除了反弹现象。排除
A
选项。作
者没有
对数据的真实性产生怀疑,因此
D
选项不对。
< br>
author raises the question
3.
作者提出
有劳无获
的问题是因为。
about pain without gain?
[A] he questions the truth of
[A]
他怀疑
不劳无获
的真实性
without pain
[B]
he does not think the productivity
[B]
他认为所谓的生产力革命并没有奏
revolution
works
效
[C] he wonders if the official
statistics are
[C]
他怀疑官方数字有误导性
misleading
[D] he
has conclusive evidence for the
[D]
他掌握了商业复苏的确凿证据
revival of
businesses
[
答案
] B
[
分析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:文章主旨题。难度:
0.52
本题看似细节题,
实际上是变相地考文章主旨。
解
题的关键在于根据上下文
确定
pain
和
gain
两个词在文中的确切含义。
下文即第一段第二句提到,
虽然到
处可
听到企业复苏的故事,
但很难确定商业人士自认为领导的生产力革命是否确
有其事
。可见,
pain<
/p>
指的是
生产力革命
,
no gain
指的是
没有效果
。第三段
至第五段也都围绕
企业生产力革命无效
问题展开分析。
因此
B
选项是作者真正
想反映的问题。
A
选项单纯从字面上理解,
是典型的干扰项。
C
选项与作者用官方数据去说
明自己的观点的用意相悖。
D
选项与第
二段第五句提到的
(统计数据)不是经
济复苏的确凿证据
的事实相反。
of the following statements is
4.
下面哪个说法在文中没有被提及?
NOT mentioned in the
passage?
[A] Radical reforms
are essential for the
[A]
激进的改革对于生产力的增长必
increase of
productivity.
不可少。
[B] New ways
of organizing workplaces
[B]
新的企业组织方法可能有助于提高
may help to
increase productivity.
生产力。
[C] The
reduction of costs is not a sure
[C]
降低成本并不一定能带来长期利
way to gain
long
?
term
profitability.
润。
[D] The consultants are a bunch of
[D]
顾问是一群无用之辈。
p>
good
?
for
?
nothings.
[
答案
] A
[
分析
]
本
题考核的知识点是:综合细节题。难度:
0.51
B
选项在第三段第二句中提及,
即企业的新组织方
法是提高生产力的一种途
径(
one contributio
n
)。
C
选项在第五段中提及,作者引
用比尔的话说明一些公
司用机械的方式进行重组,
虽然降低了成
本,却牺牲了长期的利润。
D
选项在文
章最后一句提及:
重组顾问们所做的工作大多被视为垃圾
-'
典型的劳而无获
'
。
只有
A
选项在文中未提及。
三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
长难句分析:
①
What is harder to establish
is whether the productivity revolution that
businessmen assume they are presiding
over is for real.
句子主语是
what
引导的主语从句,
谓语是
is
,
后面是
whether
引导的表语从
句。在这个从句中,主干是
the productivity revolution is for
real
,其中主语
the
productivity revolution
后又接了一
个
that
引导的定语从句。
②
The trouble is that part of
the recent acceleration is due to the usual
rebound
that occurs at this point in a
business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence
of a
revival in the underlying trend.
该句的主语是
The troubl
e
,
谓语是系表结构,
第一个表语是<
/p>
that
引导的从句:
从句中的主语是<
/p>
acceleration
,表语是
du
e to...
形容词短语,介词
to
后的名词
the
usual rebound
又由
that
引导的定语从句
(
that occurs at this point in a
business cycle
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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