大学英语四级写作

突出。

6.

过程分析法

过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分 为若干步骤

,

然后逐一加以分析说明。

这种写法在说明文中使用得相

当广泛。过程分

析与叙事和因

果关系等写

法有密切关

系

< br>,

但彼此

又有明显区别

:

叙事研究

的对象是

因 果关系研究的对象是

而过程分析研究的对象是

< br>

。

例如

:

There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but th

e hole should not be too deep. Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. Thir

d, put the earth back into the hole again. Push it down hard with your foot several times. F

inally, water the tree well, as often as possible.

这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明

连接词语

(first, second, third, finally)

的使

用加强了语句的连贯性。

还必 须说明的是

,

在实际写作中

,

我们很少单独采用上述几种方法中的某一种。不少段落

(

或文章

)

的写

作都是综合使用 各种不同的写作方法。同时还应明确

,

在写作中有意识地侧重使 用某一种方法是有好处的。

此外

,

上述 这些说明文的写作方法在议论文中也常被采用。

如何使用这些方法

,

写出一篇好的文章来

,

还需在

平时认真积累

,

勤加练习。

范文

1:

以“早起是好习惯”为题写篇议论文。请围绕以下几点来写：

①早起与健康；

②早起与学习；

③早起与一天的活动。

(

80

～

120

，要求自拟标题

)

Getting Up Early Is a Good Habit

Getting up early is a good habit. It is very important to our health, our study, our life and

so on.

First, getting up early helps to keep us strong. We can do morning exercises in the open air

in the morning and breathe fresh air to build our bodies. Second, getting up early helps us to

memorize what we have learned in class by reading aloud in the morning. Third, getting up early

can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day. If we stick to getting up early

every day, it will do us a lot of good.

范文

2

：

Writing:

1.

校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。

2.

本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等。

3.

报名条件及联系方式。

Volunteers Needed

A

voluntary

activity

in

the

summer

vacation

will

be

organized

by

the

University

Students

Union.

The

Student

Union

will

open

free

English

classes

for

the

youngsters

in

S.O.S

Children’s

Village.

The classes will last for a week.

Currently,

we

will

recruit

5

volunteers

to

work

as

English

teachers.

The

volunteers

are

requested

to speak fluent English. Those with English teaching experience are preferable. Besides

the

English skills, we expect the volunteers to be patient, open-minded with a loving heart. The

Children’s Village will provide the volunteers with three meals a day and transportation from

and to the university during the class days.

Those who are interested in taking part in the activity, please send your resume to the email

address studentunion@ before June 30

. The office of the Student Union will contact the

chosen candidates for an interview before July 10

th

.

范文

3

：

MY COMPUTER

I have a computer which was bought by my parents for my birthday present. It’s a new one ,it's

name

is

Lenovo

which

was

made

in

China.

It

can

store

and

work

with

large

quantities

of

information

and can do hard mathematical problems fast and help a person work with word and pictures.

With

this

computer

I

have

learn

lot

of

knowledge

of

computer,

besides

it

I

can

use

it

for

learning

and interment such as chatting with others, watching TV and playing games. It was so useful that

I can help but like it very much.

th

图表作文

第一段：

The table/graph/chart shows, as far as ______(is/are)concerned, _______________________.

第二段：（第二段分为三种情况：

1

、 一直上升；

2

、一直下降；

3

、一部分上升，一部分下降。下面针对这

三种情况进行结构模仿）。

1

、（以

197 8

年到

1998

年城镇乡村收入的稳步 较长图为例）。

a.

一直上升

According to the figures show in the graph, we can see that________, had been increasing at

a

steady

rate

from

the

year

of

1978

to

1998.

In

addition,

during

the

period,

____________had

raise

from

349.9

Yuan

to

5425

Yuan,

more

than

5

times

.Meanwhile,

_______had

also

grown

from

133.6

Yuan

to 2100 Yuan.

b.

一直下降

According to the figures show in the graph, we can see that___________, had been decreasing

at e steady rate from the year of 1978 to 1998. In addition, during the periond,____________had

reduced from 349.9 Yuan to 5425 Yuan, more than 5 times .Meanwhile ,_______had also gone down

133.6 Yuan to 2100 Yuan.

2

、

[

以从

1995

年到

1999

年西安人的日常生活支出 （食物、服装和娱乐）的变化为例

]

c.

一部分上升，一部分下降：

According to the figures in the graph, we can see that__________had been increasing by 9% and

7%,

respectively

from

the

year

of

1995

to1999.

However,___________(the expenses

on

food)had

been

decline

by30%

,during

the

same

period.

The

statistics

of

rise

and

fall

seem

to

exist

in isolation

but closely to one another.

第三段：

There

are

several

reasons

for

that

phenomenon.

On

the

hand,

_____;On

the

other

hand,_________,___________.

注：横线部分为自己需填充的内容，这只是整篇文章的格式

,

红 色横线部分视考题而定，可填充的内容

经济类

/

发展类

/

旅游类

文化交流类：

1. The policy of reformation and opening spreader widely in China should be taken into account

firstly, when considering the reason for the steady increase of the citizen's income.

2. The people of China has the spirit of working hard in order to improve their living.

3. China's rapid economic development lays the base.

4. In the past twenty five years, remarkable changes have taken place in China's tourism rank

in the world.

5. The economy of China has developed so fast in twenty years that China now becomes more and

more important in the world.

6.

I'm

confident

that

with

the

development

of

China

the

numbers

of

visitors

and

the

foreign

exchange

earrings will certainly continues to increase in the future.

7. With the rapid development of technology and the global economy ,the world is becoming

international, cultural exchanges are becoming more and more frequent ,which is inevitably

improving our mutual understanding and friendship with other countries.

食品类：

1

、

In order to live a healthy long life, we have to restrict our calorie intake eating the food

with less fat.

2

、

We should make our diet more nutritional and balance the calorie intake to enjoy a healthy

life.

3

、

To

improve

the

bad

situation,

people

should

eat

calcium-enriched

food,

such

as

fish,milk,beancurd and so on .

娱乐类

/

体育类：如看书

/< /p>

看电视

1

、

We should make a balance between them to benefit themselves.

2

、

The age in which we live now is an information one.

3

、

People

should

go

to

the

gym

and

take

part

in

some

sports,

such

as

basketball,

volleyball,

swimming

and so .All the exercise help people keep healthy.

友谊类

/

文化交流类：

1

、

People all over the world love and respect each other. The best way to show our love is to

help others when they are in difficulties.

2

、

Everyone should be encouraged required to try to be self-reliant.

3

、

When one in trouble, others should help him.

PS:

经典句子：

1

、

Scientists

have

warned

that

unless

effective

measures

are

taken,

the problem

of

pollution

will

eventually get out of hand.

2

、

For citizens ,they are supposed to conform to rules and regulations of the traffic.

3

、

And

the

government

should

educate

people

in

this

respect

,which

will

draw people's

attention

of the serious problem.

4

、

For drivers their speed should be restricted . Otherwise, they should be punished severely.

5

、

It is time the anchorites concerned took proper steps the traffic problem. 6

、

As long as each

of us takes actions. I deeply believe the problem will be well resolved to an extend

作文中可用的谚语或句子

：

As a saying goes:

俗话说

1

、

A good beginning is half done.

良好的开端是成功的一半。

2

、

An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.

一日之计在于晨。

3

、

A good idler ,an old beggar.

少壮不努力，老大徙伤悲。

4

、

Do as the Romans do .

入乡随便俗。

5

、

Each coin has two sides.

有利必有弊。

6

、

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

7

、

Fool's haste is no speed.

欲速则不达。

8

、

It is never too old to learn.

活到老学到老。

9

、

Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.

近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

10

、

Knowledge is power.

学无止尽。

11

、

Like father, like son.

有其父，必有其子。

12

、

Man proposes ,God deposes.

谋事在人，成事在天。

13

、

No cross, no crown.

不见风雨，怎见彩虹。

14

、

Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

15

、

Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧。

16

、

Rome is not built in a day.

冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

17

、

Where there is a will, there is a way.

18

、

Time flies.....

时光飞逝。。。

19

、

Penny wise, dollar foolish.

占不便宜，吃大亏。

范文

1

：

Directions:

For

this

part

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

a

composition

on

the

topic

Statistics

in

People’s

Daily

Expenses

in

Xian.

You

should

write

at

least

120

words

and

base

your

composition

on the outline below:

1

、

Describe the changes indicated in the table.

2

、

The reasons for the change.

3

、

Make predictions about the future tendency.

What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily

expenses

in

Xian

from

1995

to

1999.

The

expenses

on

food

have

declined

by

30%

while

those

on

clothing

and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%.

There are two factors accounting for these changes. In the first place, the risen income

resulting

from

economic

growth

plays

a

vital

role

in

the

less

expense

on

food.

In

the

second

place,

when

food

presents

no

worry

to

the

average,

people

begin

to

focus

more

of

their

interest

on

handsome

appearance

and

happy

leisure

time.

As

a

result

of

such

a

shift,

spending

on

clothing

and

recreation

increases year by year.

From the analyses made above, with the further growth in economy and more changes in life

style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction.

范文

2

：

假若一个新西兰教育参观团要到你校访问

，

他们想了解中国教育的基本情况， 请根据以下图表和所给提

示，用英语写一篇

120

字左右的短文，为来客介绍当今中国教育的基本情况。

1.

提示词：

（

1

）

compulsory

education

－义务教育；

（

2

）

junior

middle

school

－初中；

（

3

）

senior middle school

－高中；（

4

）

professional school

－职业学校。

2.

短文须包括以下要点：

Education System in China Today

Education in China today has been developing rapidly. Most children start school by the age

of six. They spend five or six years in primary school and three years in junior middle school

，

which are compulsory education.

After that

，

some can attend professional school for two to three years before work. Some

attend

senior

middle

school

for

three

years.

Students

have

to

pass

a

series

of

examinations

before

entering a college or university. The college or university life lasts two to four years. Now

part of the cost is provided by with their families

，

although students can get the support from

the college. After they graduate

，

they can go and find jobs.

Though great changes have taken place in the fields of education in China

，

there is still

much to be improved.

范文

3

：

< /p>

请根据下面图表所示内容，用英语写一篇短文，比较高中学生“减负”前后的有关情况。< /p>

注意：

1.

短文须包括所有图表内容，可以适当增加细节，使短文连贯；

2.

词数

100

左右。

Senior

middle

school

students

were

heavily

burdened

with

all

kinds

of

homework.

In

the

past

，

they spent about 6.5 hours in their classroom a day. At home

，

it took them 5 hours to finish

their homework. So they only got less than 7 hours' sleep. Their free time was only three hours.

As a result

，

their health was badly damaged.

Now

the

things

are

getting

better.

About

five

hours

are

spent

in

class

and

the

time

for

homework

had been reduced two hours. So that they have eight hours' sleep and also two more hours to do

whatever they like.

一．

The main types of guided writing:

1.

提纲式作文：

Directions:

Women

make

a

great

contribution

to

the

progress

of

modern

society.

But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.

There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper.

Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.

1. Role of women in modern society

2. Prejudices and discrimination against women

3. My comment

You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.

Women

play

an

important

part

in

modern

society. Now

many

women

are

going

into

professions,

such

as

medicine,

law

and

engineering.

They

comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories. Many

jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities

of their sex. In addition, some of are working up to important

positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some

businesses

which

are

run

completely

by

women.

It

is

obvious

that

women

are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern

society.

There are, however, still some people who assert that men are

superior to women in many ways. In the first place, many jobs men do

can

hardly

be

done

by

women,

who

are

physically

not

strong

enough. They

believe that women are the weaker sex

–

both physically and

emotionally.

Thus,

women

are

naturally

suited,

much

more

so

than

men,

to

the performance of domestic duties. According to them, a woman’s

place

is

within

the

protective

environment

of

the

home.

Secondly,

most

of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males.

Finally,

the

whole

society

seems

to

have

always

been

dominated

by

men

only. In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.

Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women

right

defenders.

Since

both

men

and

women

are

equally

important

in

human

activities, they should be on an equal footing. (242 words)

2.

提纲图表式作文：

Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200

words

within

40

minutes.

Study

the

following

table

care

fully

and

your

composition

must

be

based

on

the

information

given

in

the

table. You

should quote as few figures as possible.

Outline:

1. Changes in people’s daily expanses in the past five

years

2. Possible reasons for the changes

3. My own conclusion

Year

Item

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Food

65% 60% 48% 42% 35%

Clothing

5% 7% 10% 13% 15%

Recreation

3% 5% 7% 8% 13%

Others

24% 26% 33% 36% 38%

In

the

past

five

years,

there

have

been

great

changes

in

people’s

daily

expenses

in

XX

city.

According

to

the

figures

given

in

the

table,

the

amount

of

money

spent

on

food

decreased

gradually,

accounting

for

35 per cent in 2001. However, there was a rapid increase in clothing

expenses,

which

made

up

15%

in

2001. In

addition,

the

table

shows

an

upward

tendency

in

recreation

expenses.

The

same

was

the

case

with

other

expenses.

What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are

at

least

three

good

reasons.

To

begin

with,

with

the

rapid

development

of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and

milk

has

sharply

increased,

which

contributes

to

the

decline

in

their

prices. Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and

in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford

expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest

fashion. Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a

variety of recreations is growing steadily, too.

In short, with the incomes continuing to rise, people will no

longer resign themselves to living a dull, monotonous life. They are

eager

to

make

their

life

interesting

and

exciting.

Therefore,

I

am

sure

that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations. (219

words)

3

．规定情景式作文：

Directions:

Migrant

workers

(

外地民工

)

have

made

a

great

contribution

to the prosperity of cities. In this part, you are to write within 40

minutes a composition of 200 words about “The Role of Migrant

Workers”. You can agree and/or disagree, complet

ely or partially to

above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should

supporting reasons.

As

is

known

to

all,

migrant

workers

have

made

a

great

contribution

to

the

prosperity

of

cities.

They

are

an

indispensable

part

of

our

work

force.

Most

of

them

work

on

construction

sites.

There

is

no

doubt

that

without migrant workers many of construction projects would have to

be

held

up

for

lack

of

manpower.

In

addition,

a

large

number

of

migrant

workers

are

a

beneficial

factor,

which

enhances

the

consumption

of

food

and

daily

items.

This

in

turn

helps

to

develop

food

industry

and

service

trades

in

cites.

All

these

are

positive

aspects

of

migrant

workers

in

cities.

However,

as

a

popular

saying

goes,

“Everything

has

two

sides”.

The same is the case with migrant workers. Firstly, most of them are

not well educated and professionally trained. Some of them have had

very

little

schooling.

As

you

know.

Illiterate

people,

who

are

usually

ignorant of the law, tend to make trouble, thus endangering social

order.

Secondly,

most

of

the

migrant

workers

swarm

into

big

cities

just

to

make

money.

Being

illiterate

or

unskilled,

some

of

them

would

stop

at nothing to get what they are ambitious for. Therefore, they are a

potential threat to the peace and stability of society.

In

my

opinion,

in

the

appraisal

of

migrant

workers,

it

is

one-sided

to

affirm

everything

or

to

negate

everything.

We

should

appreciate

the

great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough

attention to the problems caused by them. (244 words)

二、

The structure of a paragraph and its development:

1. Structure

of

a

paragraph:

topic

sentence,

development

sentence

and concluding sentence.

2. Ways of developing a paragraph:

1) Comparison and contrast (

对比法

)

2) Cause and effect (

因果法

)

3) Exemplification (

举例法

)

4) Generalization and qualification (

概述法

)

5) Argument (

议论法

)

三、

Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :

---

关于利弊、优缺点的句型：

1.

S + have (or has ) a lot of advantages over ….. (

与

….

相比有许多优点

)

译：

汽车与自行车相比有许多优点。

have the advantage of ?..(有?.方面的长处

)

< br>译：

1

）英语好是她的长处。

2

）澳大利亚与中国相比，其优点是人口少。

3

）他比他们有利的是他会操作电脑。