-
2018
年北京市高考英语试卷
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，
45
分）第
一节
单项填空（共
15
小题；每小题
1
分，共
15
分）从每题所给
的
A
< br>、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题
卡上将该项涂黑．例：
It's so nice
to
hear from her again.__
，
we
last met more than thirty years ago
．
A
．
what's
moreB
．
That's to
sayC
．
In other
wordsD
．
Believe it or not
答案是
D
．
1.
﹣
Hi
，
I'm Peter
．
Are you new
here
？
I haven't seen you
around
？
﹣
< br>Hello
，
Peter
．
I'm
Bob
．
I just______on
Monday
．
（
）
2. ______we don't stop climate
change
，
many animals and
plants in the world will be
gone
．
（
）
gh
3. ______along the old Silk Road is an
interesting and rewarding
experience
．
（
）
ing
traveled
ed
started
d
started
trapping
been trapped
10. Ordinary
soap, ______ correctly, can deal with bacteria
effectively.
11. Without his
support
，
we wouldn't
be______we are
now
．
（
）
12. In today's information
age
，
the loss of
data______cause serious problems for a
company
．
（
）
13. They might have found a better
hotel if they_______a few more
kilometers
．
（
）
drive
to drive
driven
use
4. Susan
had quit her well
﹣
paid job
and ______as a volunteer in the neighborhood when
I visited her last
year
．
（
）
14. -Good
morning
，
Mr
．
Lee's
office
．
-Good
morning
．
I'd like to make an
appointment_______next Wednesday
afternoon
．
（
）
working
working
worked
worked
5. She and her family bicycle to
work
，
________ helps them
keep fit
．
（
）
15. This
is________my father has taught me-to always face
difficulties and hope for the
best
．
（
）
第二节
完形填空（每小题
1.5
分，共
30
分）阅
读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的
A
、
< br>B
、
C
、
D
四个
6. During the
Mid-
选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
Autumn Festival
，
family members often gather together_______a
meal
，
admire the moon and
enjoy moon cakes
．
（
）
16.
share
shared
The Homeless Hero
For many, finding an unattended
wallet filled with ?400 in cash would be a
source
（来源）
of temptation
（诱
惑）
．
But
the
（
1
）
_______ would no doubt be greater if you were
living on the streets with little food and
7. China's high-speed railways
from 9
，
000 to
25
，
000 kilometers in the
past few years
．
（
）
money
．
All of
this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith <
/p>
（
2
）
____
___more remarkable
．
growing
grown
grow
grown
After
spotting a
（
3
）
_______ on the front seat inside a parked
car with its window down, he stood guard in the
rain for about two hours waiting for
the
（
4
）
_______ to return
．
After hours in the
cold and wet, he
（
5
< br>）
_______ inside and pulled the
wallet out hoping to find some ID so he
8. In any unsafe
situation
，
simply______the
button and a highly
﹣
trained
agent will get you the help you
need
．
（
）
could
contact
（联系）
the driver, only
to
（
6
）
_______ it contained ?400 in notes, with another
?50 in spare
change beside
it
．
press
ng
d
He
then took the wallet to a nearby police station
after
（
7
）
< br>_______ a note behind to let the owner know it was
safe
．
When the
car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol
Lawrence returned to the
car
﹣
which was itself
9. A rescue worker risked his life
saving two tourists who______in the mountains for
two days
．
（
）
worth ?35,
000
﹣
in Glasgow city centre,
they were
（
8
）
_______to find two policemen standing next to it
．
The
policemen told them what
Mr
．
Smith did and that the
wallet was
（
9
）
_______
．
trapping
been trapped
第
1
页
共
16
页
◎
第
2
页
共
16
页
The pair
were later able to thank
Mr
．
Smith for his
（
10
）
_______
．
Mr
．
Anderson said:
．
To think he is sleeping on
the streets
tonight
（
11
）
_______ he could have
stolen the money and paid for a place to stay
in
．
This guy has nothing and
（
12
）
__
_____ he didn't take the wallet for himself; he
thought about others
（
13
）
_______
．
It's
unbelievable
．
It
just proves there are
（
14
）
_______ guys out
there
．
Mr
．
Smith's act
（<
/p>
15
）
_______ much of
the public's attention
．
He
also won praise from social media users
after Mr
．
Anderson
（
16
）
__
_____ about the act of kindness on
Facebook
．
Now
Mr
．
Anderson has set up an
online campaign to
（
17
）
_______ money for
Mr
．
Smith and other homeless
（
9
）
（
10
）
e
t
ss
agement
g
people in the area, which
by yesterday had received
￡
8,
000
．
（
18
）
_______ him has touched
him
．
People have been
approaching him in the street; he's had job
（
19
）
_______
and
all sorts,
．
Anderson
commented
．
For Mr
．
Smith, this is a
possible life
﹣
changing
（
20
）
_______
．
The story once again tells
us that one good
turn deserves
another
．
（
1
）
（
2
）
（
3
）
（
4
）
r
gue
man
（
5
）
d
d
（
6
）
er
t
e
（
7
）
g
g
g
（
8
）
ied
d
d
第
3
页
共
16
页
（
11
）
（
12
）
（
13
）
（
14
）
（
15
）
（
16
）
d
（
17
）
（
18
）
（
19
）
s
第
4
页
共
16
页
s
y
e
d
us
ations
◎
（
20
）
ure
nge
show he was not
talented in sports.
share a precious
memory.
（
3
）
How
was the author's first marathon?
made
it.
got the first prize.
（
4
）<
/p>
What does the story mainly tell us?
A.A man owes his success to his family
support.
B.A winner is one with a great
effort of will.
e is the mother of
success.
is never too old to learn.
18.
Find Your
Adventure at the Space and Aviation
（航空）
Center
If you're
looking for a unique adventure, the Space and
Aviation Center
（
SAC
）
is the place to be. The Center
offers
programs designed to challenge
and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from
SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering,
aviation, education,
medicine and a
wide variety of other professions. They come to
camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an
astronaut or a pilot, and they leave
with real-world applications for what they're
studying in the classroom.
For the
trainees, the programs also offer a great way to
earn merit badges
（荣誉徽章）
. At
Space Camp, trainees
can earn their
Space Exploration badge as they build and fire
model rockets, learn about space tasks and try
simulated
（模拟）
flying
to space with the crew from all over the world.
The Aviation Challenge program gives
trainees the chance to earn their
Aviation badge. They learn the principles of
flight and test their operating skills in
the
cockpit
（驾驶舱）
of a variety of
flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start
on their Wilderness Survival
badge as
they learn about water
—
and
land-survival through designed tasks and their
search and rescue of a
With
all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees
learn the importance of leadership and being part
of a bigger task.
All this fun is
available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the
experience together, too, with Family Camp
programs
for families with children as
young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a
week
—
there is something here
for everyone!
For more details, please
visit us online at
.
（
1
）
Why
do people come to SAC?
experience
adventures.
get a degree in
engineering.
第
5
页
共
16
页
◎
第
6
页
共
16
页
<
/p>
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，
40
分）
第一节（共
30
分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
< br>C
、
D
四个
选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
17.
A month before my first
marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this
meant not running for two weeks, leaving
me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was
determined to go ahead.
I remember back
to my 7th year in school. In my first
P
.E. class, the teacher required us to
run laps and then hit a
softball. I
didn't do either well. He later informed me that I
was
The idea that I was
battle against myself, not about
competition or whether or not I was athletic. It
was all about the battle against my
own
body and mind. A test of wills!
The
night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't
even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and
nervous, but
ready to prove something
to myself.
Shortly after crossing the
start line, my shoe
laces
（鞋带）
became untied. So I
stopped to readjust. Not the start I
wanted!
At mile 3, I passed
a sign:
By mile 17, I became out of
breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
Despite the pain, I stayed the course
walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my
wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She
never minded the alarm clock
sounding
at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to
finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In
fact, I got the same medal as the one
that the guy who came in first place
had.
Determined to be myself, move
forward, free of shame and worldly
labels
（世俗标签）
, I can now call
myself a
（
1
）
A
month before the marathon, the author ______.
well trained
up his mind
to run
（
2
）
Why
did the author mention the P
.E. class
in his 7th year?
acknowledge the
support of his teacher.
amuse the
readers with a funny story.
scared
hope
quit halfway.
walked to the end.
look
for jobs in aviation.
learn more about
medicine.
（
2
）
To
earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to
______.
to space
an
Aviation badge first
the principles of
flight
and fire model rockets
（
3<
/p>
）
What is the most important
for trainees?
ship.
spirit.
planning.
al skills.
19.
Humans
produce more than 300 million tons of plastic
every year. Almost half of that winds up in
landfills
（垃圾填
埋厂）
,
and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So
far there is no effective way to get rid of it,
but a new study
suggests an answer may
lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England
recently found that the worms of the greater wax
moth can break down
polyethylene, which
accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100
wax worms on a commercial polyethylene
shopping bag for 12 hours, and the
worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams,
or almost 3% of it. To
confirm that the
worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the
polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made
some worms into
past
（糊状物）
and applied it to
plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost
13% of their mass-
apparently broken
down by enzymes
（酶）
from the
worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in
Current
Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the
study, says the worms' ability to break down their
everyday food
—
beeswax
—
also allows them to break down
plastic.
carbon bond, is there as
well,
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist
at the University of Tennessee, who was not
involved in the study, says it is not
surprising that such worms can break
down polyethylene. But compared with previous
studies, she finds the speed
of
breaking down in this one exciting. The next step,
DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the
breakdown. Is
it an enzyme produced by
the worm itself or by its gut
microbes
（肠道微生物）
?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's
findings might one day help employ the enzyme to
break down plastics in
landfills. But
she expects using the chemical in some kind of
industrial process
—
not
simply
thrown on top of the
plastic.
（
1
）
What can we learn about the
worms in the study? ______
take
plastics as their everyday food.
are
newly evolved creatures.
can consume
plastics.
wind up in landfills.
第
7
页
共
16
页
（
2
）
Acc
ording to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the
study is to ______.
fy other means of
the breakdown
out the source of the
enzyme
m the research findings
se the breakdown speed
（
3
）
It
can be inferred from the last paragraph that the
chemical might ______.
to raise worms
make plastic bags
used to
clean the oceans
produced in factories
in future
（
4
）
What is the main
purpose of the passage? ______
explain
a study method on worms.
introduce the
diet of a special worm.
present a way
to break down plastics.
propose new
means to keep eco-balance.
20.
Preparing Cities for
Robot Cars
The possibility
of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a
futurist's dream, years away from materializing in
the real world. Well, the future is
apparently now. The California Department of Motor
Vehicles began giving permits
in April
for companies to test truly self-driving cars on
public roads. The state also cleared the way for
companies to
sell or rent out self-
driving cars, and for companies to operate
driverless taxi services. California, it should be
noted,
isn't leading the way here.
Companies have been testing their vehicles in
cities across the country. It's hard to predict
when driverless cars will be everywhere
on our roads. But however long it takes, the
technology has the potential to
change
our transportation systems and our cities, for
better or for worse, depending on how the
transformation is
regulated.
While much of the debate so far has
been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and
rightfully so), policymakers
also
should be talking about how self-driving vehicles
can help reduce traffic jams, cut
emissions
（排放）
and offer
more convenient, affordable mobility
options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a
chance to make sure that those
vehicles
are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to
copy
—
or even
worsen
—
the traffic of today
with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most
adults
own individual self-driving
vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and
from work on packed highways because
they can work, entertain themselves or
sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.
They take their driverless
car to an
appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle
the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead
of walking
a few blocks to pick up a
child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-
driving minibus. The convenience even leads
fewer people to take public
transport
—
an unwelcome side
effect researchers have already found in ride-hail
ing
（叫
车）
services.
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8
页
共
16
页
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