-
七年级全解下
Unit 1 Where
’
s
your pen pal from?
live
生活，居住。表达居住在某地时，其后常加介词
in .
Kangaroos live in Australia.
2.
当作
vt
用时，意为“过??样的生活”
，其后常加同源宾语（即以与动词同词根的名
词做宾语）
。
live a happy
life
3.
做
adj
时，意为“活的，有生命的，活生生的”
。其反义词是
dead
，一般只用作定语。
?<
/p>
?
?
?
辨析：<
/p>
live
与
stay
两词都有
“居住”
“停留”
之意，
1.
live
为长期居住
，
家住某处，
后面常接介词
in
.live
还有“生活”之意。
2.
stay
He in Moscow.
We on the earth.
He
at home on Sundays.
Mr. Green
with her friends.
Keys: Lives, live,
stays, stays
have vt.
有
I have a pen. <
/p>
?
?
?
?
辨析
have
与
there be
两者都有
“有”
之意。
have
表示某人有某物或某物归某人所有，
其第三人称单数为
has
。
There
be
表示某处有什么，某物存于某处，是一个倒
装句，当主语是单数时用
is
，时复
数
时用
are
。
1. a bag on the desk.
2. some apples.
3.
two maps on the wall.
4. a
brother.
Answers: 1. There is 2. I
have are has
favorite
favorite
意思是“最喜爱
<
/p>
的”
。它的名词有两种形式，一种与其同形，意为“最喜爱的
人或物”
；一种是
favour
意为“好意”
“宠爱”
“欢心”
。它的动词与名词
favor
同形，
< br>意为“赞成”
“喜欢”
。如：
He is the favorite of his
uncle’s.
What is
your favorite color?
Want
Want vt
想，想要，相当于
would like,
当主语是第一人称时，用
would
like
要多于
want
，因
would
like
语气较委婉。
Want
和
would
like
用法一样，其后可接名词做宾
语，也可接不定式作宾语，也可接
sb.
再加不定式作复合宾语。
I want /would like a kilo of tea.
1
He wants
/would like to go and see Mr. Green.
Mr. Wu wants /would like to give a talk
in class tomorrow.
?
?
?
?
辨析
Want
与
think
两者都有
“想”
之意。
Want
意为
“想”
“想要”
，
后
接名词、
代词或不定式作宾语。
Think
< br>意为“想”
，后常接代词或从句作宾语。
I a new computer.
I have
two pens .Do you one?
I to
go to home.
He so.
I
don
’
t you are right.
Answers: want, want, want, thinks,
think
interesting
Interesting adj.
有趣的
?
?
?
?
辨析：
I
nteresting interested
Interesting
指事物本身有趣。意为“有趣的”
“令人兴致勃勃的”作定语或表语。<
/p>
interested
指人
（对??感兴趣）
，
常用于
< br>be
interested
（对??
< br>.
感兴趣的）
结构中。
There is an story.
I’
m pop music.
Answers: interesting, interested
(a)little
A little
一点儿，有一些
There is
a little water in the bottle.
A
little
，修饰不可数名词，意思是“有一些”
“
少量”它具有肯定含义。而
little
具
< br>有否定含义，意思是“几乎没有”
，也修饰不可数名词。
There is chicken.
I know English.
Answers: a little, little
○●○●○●链接：
many,
much
都可以表示
“许多”
，
但
many
修饰
可数名词，
much
修饰不可数名词。
Some
表
示“一些”既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数
名词。
with
介词
With
用法大观
1.
和??
.
在一起
Talk with friends
2.
具有，带有
China is a large country with a long
history.
3.
随着
With these words he left the room.
4.
用（表示使用工具、手段）
Write with a pencil
5.
与??一致
I agree with you
2
6.
就??；对??；关于??（
表示关系，适用范围）
Be angry with sb.
What
’
s the matter
with you?
?
?
?
?
辨析
With
与
and
两者都有“和”之意，但在用法上有所不同。
1.
and
是连词，连接两个并列的句子成分或句子。当
and
连接两个人或事物作主语时，
谓语动词用复数形式。
2. With
是介词，后面常跟名词或代词宾格，在句中一般只作状
语。
当
With
短语位
于主语之后时，
谓语动词应与
With
前面的名词或代词在数上保持一
致。
He I are both students.
He is in china his parents.
Tom his friends goes to school.
keys: And
，
With
，
With
tell
Tell
讲述，告诉
常见结构有：
Tell +
宾语
+that
从句
tell sb sth
; tell+
宾语
+of /about
+
?
Tell sb.(not )
to do sth
He tells me that Lucy is
coming.
I told Mr. Green my name.
Mr. Smith told us of /about his dream.
My father is sleeping .Please tell him
to turn off the TV.
Like
and dislike
爱好与厌恶
Like vt. and n.:
意为“喜欢，愿意，爱好”
，其反义词是
dislike
。
like
常有以下三
种结构：
like
+
宾语（名词或代词）
；
like
doing
sth
（表示习惯动作）
,like
to
do
sth
（表示一次性的、
未发生的动作）
。
当
like
用作名词时一般用其复数形式
likes
，
意为
“爱好”
I like sheep.
I like having
a walk after supper.
I like to have a
talk with you tomorrow.
Dislike vt. and
n.:
不喜欢，厌恶。
Dislike
用作动词时，其后接名词、代词或动名
词，
dislike
用作名词时常用其复数形式
dislikes
< br>，表示“厌恶”
。
I
dislike selfish people.
I dislike being
stared at.
Unit 2
Where
’
s the post office?
on/in the street
It
’
s on Center
Street .
在中心街上
。
on Center Street
.
在中心街上
on the
road
在路上
on
one
’
s way to
在某人去往某处的路上
3
He lives Huixin
Street.
He lives 88 Huayuan
Street.
In the street
在街上（英式用法）
On the
street
在街上（美式用法）
across
across prep.
从??的一边到另一边，横过
I
live across the river.
在美式英语中，常与
from
连用，表示“在?
..
对面”
在美式英语中，常与连用，表示“在??对面”相当于
on
the other side of.
The bookstore is
across from the bank.
=the bookstore is
on the other side of the bank.
next to
next to
在??旁边，
；临近的。
Next
to
在这里是介词，常用来表示空间。
The notebook is next to the baseball
under the bed.
He sits next to me.
between/among:
between
??
and
是一个介词短语，表示“
在??和??之间”
，它只限于两者之间，如
果是三者之间，就
用
among
，而不用
between
。
between
和
< br>and
之间可以是两个人，也可
以是两个不同的物或两个
点（时间、数字、场所）
。
The
shop opens between 8a.m and 5 p.m.
It
’
s about 2
miles between my home and the school.
Please sit between your father and my
mother.
Please draw a line between A
and B.
Note:
Between prep.
后面跟代词时要用宾格。
Between you and me
Between
her and him
表示两个同类人或物之间，可以直接在介词
between
后面用名词的复数。如：
Put
the desk between us.
There is a table
between the two beds.
excuse me
excuse me
对比起，请原谅
它的意思可根据不同的情况理解为“劳驾”
“请问”
“对不起”等。具体用于以下几种情
况：
向陌生人问路
Excuse me,
where is the bus stop?
向别人询问情况：
Excuse
me, are you Mr. Owen?
客气地请求（允许）时。如：
Excuse me, may I ask you a question?
Excuse me, but can I go out for a
minute?
4
突然有一个不雅的行为，如吃饭时打嗝、谈话时打喷嚏。如：
Oh, excuse me.
在向别人提出要求前，想引起对方注意时。如
Excuse me, listen to me, please.
和人谈话时，要出去一下或做一点别的事。如：
Excuse me, just a minute.
Note:
回答
excuse
me.
时，
不说
I
’
ll
excuse
you,.
而应该说
Never
mind./
That
’
s
all
right.
/That
’
s
OK.
没关系。
Excuse
me.
与
I
’
m
sorry.
或
Sorry
.
的不同。
Excuse me.<
/p>
用于问路、插话、要离开、表示异议等场合，常在事发前使用。而
Sorry
主
要用于：
1.
自己有过失，做错了事表示歉意时。如：
I’
m sorry, I am late.
2.
对别人的痛苦或不幸表示同情时。如：
I’
m ill today.
I’
m sorry to hear that.
3.
表示委婉的拒绝、不同意时。如：
Sorry, you can
’
t
come in.
4.
因失约、失礼而表示歉意时。如：
Can you come to play with me? Sorry, I
can’t.
回答
< br>Sorry
时常用
:It
doesn
’
t matter.
不要
紧。
/That
’
s all
right.
(OK)
没关系。
/
That’s
nothing
.
没什么。
/Never
mind.
没关系。
neighborhood
Neighborhood n
“邻近，附近，四邻，街坊；街道，地区”等。如：
In the neighborhood
在附近
In the
neighborhood of
在??的附近
We live in the neighborhood of the
park.
just
Just
这
里是副词，用在祈使句中，意思是“就请，尽管??好了”如：
If you have any difficulties, just tell
me.
Just sit here and have a short
rest.
down
Down
在
本句是介词，意思是“沿着，沿”
。
Down
用做副词，其反义词是
up
，表示方向。
从城区往农村用
down
，从市中心往城区用
down
，从城区往市中心用
up
。如：
Go up this road,
and you can get to the city.
Go down
this road, and you can find the village.
on the right/left
On the
right
在右边
On the
left
在左边
On the
right of
在??的右边
On the left of
在??的左边
5
There is a supermarket on
the left of the zoo.
You’re
welcome
You
’
re welcome
.
别客气。
回答感谢的用语有：
That
’
s all right.
Don
’
t mention it.
Not at all.
You
’
re welcome.
Welcome
在这里是感叹词，意思是“欢迎”
。欢迎到某个地方。如：
Welcome to
China!
Welcome to Beijing.
take/have a walk
Take a
walk
步行，散步，等于
have a talk
或
walk
。如：
They often take a walk after supper.
Hurry up, or we have to take a walk to
school.
It
’
s good
for you to have a talk after supper.
Take
是一个多义词，可以与不同的词结合表示不同的意思
，组成很多词组。
Take a look = have
a look at
看
Take
a bus
乘坐公共汽车
Take a rest
休息
Take photos
照相，拍照
Take it easy
别急
Take away
拿走
Take part in
参加
Take off
脱下
through
through
prep.
穿过，经过，常与
pass,
go,
walk
等动词连用，表示“穿过，通过”等
< br>意思。如：
?
?
?
?
辨析：
through
, across
与
over
through
表示从中间通过，穿过，强调动作是在里面进行的。<
/p>
over
多指在空间范围上通过，越过
或指垂直在上，和表面不接触。
across
表示从一定范围的一边到另一边，
与有关，
表示动作是
在某一物体的表面进行的。
如：
We
walk the forest. The birds fly
the city.
They walk the
bridge.
keys: through, over , across
with
with
这里的意思是“
有，拥有，具有”
，此外，还有“和??一道，跟??一起，随身
携带，用”等意思。如：
China is a
great country with a long history.
That
’
s a room
with two big windows.
His sister is a
nice girl with big eyes.
She wants to
go with me.
Please take this book with
you.
I have no money with me.
Don
’
t write with
a pen, please write with a pencil.
?
?
?
?
辨析
with/in
6
with
和
in
< br>都有“用”的意思，
with
强调使用具体的工具，如：
write a pen/pencil
In
强调使用的材料或颜色。如：
,write in ink
用墨水写（强调材料）
此外，用某种
语言只能用
in
不用
with
。如：
Please speak
in English.
Don
’
t
write in Chinese.
beginning
the beginning of
在??
< br>.
的开始。如：
That
’
s the
beginning of his new life.
at
the
beginning
of<
/p>
在??起初，开始。同义词组：
at
first
首先。反义词组：
at
the
end of
在??的末端，结尾；
at last
最后。如：
At the
beginning of this year, he knew that man.
He wrote a letter to his pen pal at the
end of last week.
fun
have
fun
玩得高兴，过得愉快。相当于
have a good
time .have fun doing sth.
句型，
表示“愉快地做某事”
。如：
You
’
re sure to
have fun at the party tonight.
We
’
ll have fun
learning English this term.
Boys and
girls, please come, have fun.
fun
为不可数名词，意为“娱乐，乐趣”
。
great
fun
意思是“很有趣的事情”
。
No
fun
意为“无聊”
。如：
What fun!
Swimming in the
sea is great fun.
Doing nothing all day
is no fun.
busy
busy adj. <
/p>
忙的，繁忙的，热闹的，在句中作定语或表语。作定语，位于名词的前面，
修饰它后面的名词；作表语，位于系动词之后。如：
Our teacher is a busy man.
The park is very busy on Sundays.
be busy with (at )
?
.
忙于某事
be busy (in ) doing
?忙着做某事
The
students are busy with their homework.
His father is busy writing a letter.
Busy
的反义词是
free
，
意为“闲的，空闲的”如：
Are
you free this afternoon?
If
条件句
If
当“如果”讲时，引导条件状语从句。一般情况下在含有
if
引导的条件状语从句的
复合句中，主句为一般将来时或祈使句或
含有情态动词，从句为一般现在时。如：
I’
ll go to Shanghai if it
doesn
’
t rain tomorrow.
Please tell him about it if he comes.
You must see a doctor if you are ill.
7
arrive/get
to/reach
arrive
“到达，到达较大的地方用
arrive in
，
arrive at
指到达较小的地方。
They
arrive in Shanghai today.
When I arrive
at the hotel, I will call you.
?
?
?
?
辨析：
get to ,arrive
与
reach
get to ,arrive
,reach
都可表示到达。
arr
ive
为不及物动词，后需接
at
或<
/p>
in
后才能加地点名词。
get to
和
reach
后可直接加地点名词，多用语口语。
arrive
常常强调某种交通工具到达（到达）
When did you get to Beijing?
He reached Shanghai last week.
What time did the train arrive in
Chengdu?
be
arriving
表将来
be
arriving
意思是“就要到达”
。
arrive
是短暂性动词。英语中短暂性动词一般不用
于进行时态，
它们的进行时形式表示即将发生的动作。
类似的动词还有
go,
come,
start
等。如：
The train is coming.
-Where
are you going?
-I
’
m going to
Shanghai.
let/make sb. do
Let me tell you the way to my house.
Let sb. do
sth..
让某人做某事
Let
后的不定式不带
to
。如：
Let
’
s go and ask
our teacher!
Let him come in!
Let me tell you a story.
链接：
Make
后的不定式不带
to
help
后的不定式可以带
to
;
也可以不带
to
.
如：
The teacher
makes us do a lot of homework every day.
The teacher often helps me (to) do my
math problems.
the way to
the way to
去某地的路，这是问路和指路时的常用结构。如：
Can you tell me the way to the hotel?
I don
’
t know the
way to the post office.
take a /by taxi
take a
taxi
乘出租车，打的
辨析：
take a
taxi
与
by taxi
take a taxi and by taxi
都是乘出租车，打的的意思，
take a
taxi
表示动作，在句中做谓语。
by
taxi
表示方式，在句中作状语。
They to school. We often go there
.
8
keys: take a
taxi, by taxi
Unit 3 Why do you like
koalas?
Let’s/Shall we?/What
about?
Let
’
s see the
pandas first.
let
’
s=let
us
’
s
是
us
的缩写。
let
’
s
后面用动词原形，意为“让我们做??吧”
，
表示一种建议。
let sb do sth
表示“让某人做某事”
shall
we
?
?
我们?
..
好吗？助动词
shall
意为“将要”后面一般跟第一人称。
Shall we go shopping?
Shall
we go to the zoo?
what
about
/how
about
?
??
.
怎么样？句中
ab
out
是介词，
后面只能接名词、
v-ing
形
式或代词。
what about a drink ?
what
about going swimming ?
first
first
在该句中是副词，意思是“首先，最初”
，用来做状语，修饰动词或句子。如：
1.
Let the girls in first.
When I first
met him, he was a child.
用作序数词，表示“第一”如：
the first lesson
第一课
He is the
first to come to school.
用作形容词，意思是“最初的，首先的”常用来做定语。如：
The first thing to us is to learn
English well.
kind of
kind
of
是非常口语的表达方式，意思是“有点儿，稍微”
，用来
修饰形容词。
1. The little tiger
is kind of dangerous.
She is kind of
shy
Why not /don’t you do
sth.?
why
为什么。
用来询问原因，
常用
because
来回答。
Why
也可用来表示建议。
用于
1.
Why
don
’
t you do
sth.? 2. Why not do sth.?
句型。表示何不??？
.
-Why
do you study English hard?
-Because I
like it.
-Why
don
’
t you have a rest?
=why not have a rest?
like
like
作为动词其意思有“喜欢、愿意、想要”等。而且通
过组成的结构也很多。
like +n
.
喜欢某人某物
She likes
children.
I like music.
9
like +doing sth
喜欢做某事（表示一种习惯的动作）
I like reading in bed.
He
likes having a walk after supper.
like
to do sth
想做某事（表示一次性的、未发生的动作）
I like to talk with you tonight
I like to swim in the river now.
like +sb + to do sth
想要某人做某事
I like
people to tell truth.
would like to do
sth
希望做某事
I’
d like to go there.
Would you like to go with me?
How do you like sth?
你觉得??怎么样？
How do
you like China?(=what do you think of China ?).
like
还可以作形容词和介词，分别有“相象的”和“像”之意。
The twins are very like.
Like father, like mother.
He
swims like a fish.
Do it like I tell
you.
other
other
在
这里是形容词，意思是“其他的”
，在句中作定语，放在被修饰词之前。如：
.
The other people
The other students
The
other hand
当与表示数量意义的词一起作定语时，必须位于表示数量意义
的词的后面，表示在原有
的数量上增加。如：
many other animals
some
other books
three other men
too, also
与
either
辨析：
too
与
also
与
either
too
与
also
都是副词，
表示
“也”
，
但他们在句中
的位置的不同。
also
通常用于实义动
词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后，间或也出现于句首或句尾。
People also call me Jim for short
。
They also
don
’
t know her name.
Mary likes to be with us.
Too
不能用于否定句
,
通常只用于肯定句和疑问句，
在否定句中要用
e
ither
表示
“也不”
试比较：
You can dance .I can dance,
too.
You can
’
t
sing this song. I can
’
t sing
this song either.
Can you play the
guitar, too?
Too
还可用做程度副词，表
示“太??”
。如：
The hat
is too big for me.
10
You are too small to go to school.
The math problem is too difficult.
Too
??
to,
是固
定句型，意思是“太??而不能”如：
The box is
too heavy for the boy to carry.
Isn
’
t he
??
Isn
’
t he cute?
这是一个否定式疑问句，常用来表示反问，意思是“难道??”
，其结
构是“否定词
+
主语
< br>+
谓语或表语”
。如：
Aren
’
t you an
American?
Can
’
t
you play football?
回答否定式疑问句常用
yes, no
，但这时的
yes
意思是“不”
，
no
意为“是的”
。如：
-Doesn
’
t he have
a brother?
-Yes, he does
.
不，他有。
No, he
doesn’t. 是，他没有。
-Isn
’
t the panda
from China?
-Yes ,she is
.
不，她是。
/ No ,she
isn
’
t
.
是，她不是
。
every day
与
everyday
连写和分开
写，不但在句中的作用不同，而且意义也不同。
Everyday
adj.
“日常的”
。
Every
day
是副词短语，意为“每天，天天”
。如：
We learn English.
We go to school .
We speak English .
keys: everyday, every day , every day
two more/another two
two
more
animals
中
more
的意思是
“再，
又”
这
种句式的结构是
“含数量意义的词
+more
+
名词”如：
Two more students in our class got an A
in English.
Some more girls buy
dictionaries.
Please listen two more
times.
辨析：
more
与
another
二者均有“还”
“再”之意，
another
置于数词前，
more
置于数词后，如：
We need
five more men.
=We need another five
men.
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
What do/ does +sb. +do?
What
does he do ?
他是做什么的？
What do/ does +sb. +do?
用来询问他人的职业，相当于
“
What be +sb
?
”
但这样的
句型一般不用第二人称，如当面问别人“
What are you
?
”会显得不太礼貌，此时可以
用
“
What do you do
?
”问职业也可以用
“
What
’
s
one
’
s job
?
”
句型。
-What does your father do?
-He
’
s a worker.
-What is your sister?
-She
’
s a doctor.
-What
’
s your job?
11
What
’
s your
mother
’
s job?
wear/put on
wear
穿，戴
He often
wears a T-shirt today.
辨析
：
wear
与
put on
wear
v
穿着，戴着，表示状态；而
put on
“穿上，戴上”
，表示动作。如：
Mr. Wang a T-shirt today.
Our teacher often the white
shoes.
Your jacket, please.
Kate her hat and goes out.
keys: wears, wears, Put on, puts on,
talk with/ to/ about
talk
，谈话，讲话。常用于“
talk about
谈话??
,talk with sb
.
和某人谈话，相
当于
talk
to sb.
”等结构中。
They
’
re talking
the film.
He is talking my
brother.
problem
与
question
辨析：
problem
与
question
m
多指疑难的或难解决的问题，
如，数学问题、人口问题、失业问题、环境污
染问题等以及令人困惑的事、人或情况等。
on
多指要求回答的问题。
Can
you work out this math ?
I think
population is the greatest one in the
world.
She likes to ask all kinds of
.
keys: Problem, problem, question
work/job
Work
意为“工作”
My work is
very interesting.
He works in the
factory.
辨析：
Job
与<
/p>
work
两者均有工作之意，
jo
b
是可数名词
,
指具体的某项工作，做
用来指雇佣的、招聘的、有
报酬的工作，而
work
是不可数名词，主要指体力和脑力劳动，表示一种抽象的概念。
What
’
s your
?
I have much to do.
keys: job, work
kind
kind adj.
和蔼的、友爱的、仁慈的
Our
teachers are very kind.
It
’
s very kind of
you.
kind n.
种
;
类
12
a kind of
一种
all kinds of
各式各样的
Carrots are
vegetables.
There are cakes
there.
keys: a kind of , all kinds of
as
的几种用法：
prep.
作为，当作。如：
He works in the TV station as a
reporter.
conj.
像??一样。如：
English is as easy as Chinese.
conj.
按照。如：
He does as his mother says.
need
need n
有“需要；必要；需求”之意。
There
’
s no need
for your anxiety.
REM1000 a month will
meet my needs.
need vt.
常用的几种结构：
need
sth
.
需要某物
Dose he need any help?
need
to do sth
.
需要做某事
He needs to see you.
need
+doing
需要或应该怎么做
The house needs cleaning.
情态动词
need
的用法：
注意答语，肯定用
must ,
否定用
needn
’
t
–
Need I go? -Yes, you must.
-No, you
needn’t.
need not have done
表示某一个已发生的
动作实际不必发生，常译为“不必??也行”
等
He need not have come last night.
过去时用
had to
,
将来时用
will have
to
代替。
else/other
other adj
其他的，别的
辨析
else
与
other
else
和
other
同义，都可以表示“别的，其他的”但他们的用法不同。
else
可以用作形容词或副词，作形容词用时，主要用在
who, whose,
what
等疑问代
词
及
nobody, nothing ,somebody,
something , anybody, anything
等不定代词之后做<
/p>
定语。作副词时，用在
when,
where
等疑问副词后面做状语。
other
是形容词，用来修饰名词时，必须放在名词前。
What can you see on the table?
Who will go there?
Would you like anything ?
Where are the boys?
13
keys: else , else ,else
,other
another, the other ,others
与
the others
辨析：
another, the other
,others
与
the others
another
指多个或不定数目中的
“再一个”
“又一个”
。
another
既可修饰名词，
也可以作
代词单独用。
the
other
指两者中的一个
.
others
为代词
(others=oth
er+
名词复数
)
，泛
指“其他的人或物”
，指剩余的部分。
the
others=
（
the other
+
名词复数）
为代词，
特指“其余的人或物”
，指剩余的全部。
I don
’
t like this
one .Could you give me one?
This glove is here .Where did you put
one?
We should help .
There
are
50
students
in
our
class.
Thirty
of
us
come
to
school
by
bike,
all _____ walk to school.
keys: another, the other ,others ,the
others
请看下列图标：
○→○→○→
one
→
another
→
another
○←→
○
（两者中的一个是，另一个为）
one
→
the other
○○○←→
○○○○
（一方为一些，另
一方为余下的全部）
some
→
the others
○○○
←→
○○○○
←→○○○（一方为一些，另一方为余下的一部分
）
some
→
others
say,
speak, tell
与
talk
say
意为“说，述说”
，用系统的语言表达自己的想法（后
面接的宾语是话语，不是人，
即
say
sth.
）
He says ,
It
doesn’
t matter .
”
此外，便条上，标语上，横幅上写着，也用
say
，不用
write
。如：
The slogan says,
“Welcome to
Beijing.”
speak
常作
为不及物动词使用，不注重说的内容，表示“说话”
、
“发言”
；此外也指讲英
语的能力，打电话时也常用
speak
。如：
He
will speak at the meeting.
Please speak
loudly!
He can speak a little English.
Hello, may I speak to Xiaowang?
talk
“说”
“讲”
“谈话
”
与
speak
意义很近。
但不如
speak
正式。
talk
更常指与人交谈，
有较强的“对话讨论”的意思。
talk
后跟
of
或
about
表示“谈到，谈起”
。如：
What are you talking about?
He often talks of you.
tell<
/p>
常用作及物动词，有“告诉”的意思，它既注重说话的内容，又有告诉的对象，因
此，
tell
后面常跟双宾语，另外，讲个故事
用
tell
“”
。它还有“吩咐、命令
”和“分
辨、识别”的意思。
I
’
ll tell her
good news.
My mother often tells me
stories.
14
I
can
’
t tell the difference
between the new words.
Unit 5
I
’
m watching TV.
wait
wait vi
意为“等
”
，后面不能直接加宾语。等候某人用
wait for sb
.
后面可接不定式
短语，不能接动名词。
can
’
t wait to
do
表示“等不及要做??，急着要做??”
。
I’
m waiting for my
mother.
He can
’
t
wait to open the box.
现在分词的构成规则：
一般在动词词尾加
-ing,
watch
→
watching
play
→
playing
以不发音的结尾的动词去掉再加
-ing
,take
→
taking
have
→
having
以一个辅
音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加
-ing .
run
→
running
begin
→
beginning
Unit 6 It
’
s
raining.
How is the weather?
How is the weather in Shanghai?
上海的天气怎么样？
How
’
s the
weather?
用来询问天气状况，除此之外，还可以说：
What do you think of the weather?
What
’
s the
weather like?
一般回答用
It
。
如：
What
’
s the
weather like Beijing?
=How
’
s the
weather in Beijing?
-It
’
s cloudy.
weather
“天气”
，不可数名
词，其同音异行词是
whether
（是否）
。
fine weather
好
/
晴天
cloudy weather
阴天
What fine
weather!
多好的天气！
What is weather like today?
今天天气怎么样？
April
weather ,rain and shine both together .
一边日出一边雨。
/
一边笑来一边哭。
/
晴雨无常四月天。
/
哭笑无常四月
天。
Weather
也可以作定语。
A weather
bureau
天气局
Weather forecast
天气预报
It
’
s cloudy.
it
是
prep
，可
在句中作定语和宾语，可指代许多事物。在本句中作主语。指代“天气，
气候”
。它还可指代“时间，距离”等等。应注意的是，
it
在句中有时不需要译成中文。
可根据上下文去理解和翻译。如：
It is cold today.
What
time is it now?
How far is it from the
school?
15
It
’
s about one
mile.
cloudy
adj.
多云的，它是由
cloud
（云）加后缀
-Y
构成的形容词。类似表示天气的
还有：
sun
→
sunny rain
→
rainy snow
→
snowy
wind
→
windy fog
→
foggy
以上是
n + y
构成形容词，这叫派生词。
拓展：
adj.+ y adv
heavy
→
heavily slow
→
slowly
happy
→
happily
easy
→
easily
v.
+ er n. teach
→
teacher work
→
worker
drive
→
driver
farm
→
farmer
cook
cook v.
烹调，煮，烧，做饭
cook
breakfast
cook n.
炊事员
He is a cook.
cooker n.
炊具
There are some cookers in the kitchen.
How is it going?
How is it g
oing?
最近怎么样？此句表达对你朋友、家人的关怀。回答时可根据不同情
况来回答。如：
Pretty good!
Great! Not bad!
Just so-so! Terrible!
拓展：
表达对朋友家人的问候，还有
:How goes it? /
How
’
s everything?
这两句话的意思是
“近来怎么样？”回答同上面的答语相同。
pretty
相当、颇。
He is pretty busy.
pretty
adj.
俊俏，俏丽；清秀；标致；娇小，漂亮
a pretty girl a pretty garden
其同义词是
beautiful
pretty adv.
（口语）相当，其近义词是
quite, very .
Pretty good
相当好。
I am pretty tired. =I am very tired. /
I am quite tired.
This is Bob.
< br>这是一个电话用语。中、西方电话用语存在一定差距。在电话中问“你是??
.<
/p>
吗？”用
“
Is
that
?
?
”
不能用“
Are
you
?
?
”
;
而介绍“我是??。
”
用“
This
is
??
.
”
而不能用
“
I am
?
.
”电话中问你是谁？用
“
Who
’
s
that ?
”
不能用“
Who are
you
?
”
;
想与某人通话可以用
“
May /Could /Can I speak to
sb?
”
“
I would like
to
speak to sb?
”结构，或
“
I
’
d
like to speak to sb .
”结构。
-Could I speak to Hanmei?
=I
’
d like to speak to
Hanmei.
-Speaking! = (This is Han Mei
speaking.)
16
-Who is that /it? -This is Lin Tao.
Thank you for
Thank you for
= Thanks for
?
.
因?
?而感谢。
Thank you for having
me.
Thank you for helping me.
因
for
是介词，所以它的后面应跟名词、代词或动名词（
即：
v+ing
）
thanks n
感谢
Thanks a lot. = Thank you very much.
No, thanks. = No, thank you.
thankful adj.
感激的；感谢的；
be
thankful to sb.
感激某人
be thankful to sb. for sth.
因某事而感激某人
I
’
m thankful to
you for your help.
I
’
m thankful to
you for your help. = Thank you for your help.
join (in)/take part in
May I
join in the game?
辨析：
join
与
take part in
为“加入某一种组织，成为其中一员”
，后可接表示人的名词或代词，
表示加入
到某一人或某些人的行列中去。
part
in
指参加会议或群众性
的活动，重在说明
主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。
My brother the army in 1998.
We
’
re going
swimming. Will you come and us?
The teacher our discussion
yesterday.
keys: joined, join , took
part in
Vacation
与
holiday
We
’
re on
vacation. on vacation
在假期
辨析：
Vacation
与
holiday
两者都可以表示
“假期”
。
在英国一般用
holiday
，
在美国多用
vacation
，
但英国大学里
多
用
vacation
，中小学里用
holiday
。
a
holiday
可能是“一天假期”
，也可能是“一
次
（几天）假期。
”如果假期不止一天，像寒暑假，则通常用复数形式。如：
We
’
ll have
a holiday on Friday.
Summer holidays
will begin next week.
holiday
< br>还可以表示“节日”
“纪念日”
。如：
< br>
Everyone is wearing holiday
clothes.
vacation
指一段时间的假期，指寒暑假时往往用单数形式。如：
He will go to his hometown during the
winner vacation.
在“休假中”可以说
on
vacation
或
on holidays
He is in Shanghai on vacation.
take photos
take photos
照相，是指自己用照相机给别人或景物拍照。
We often take photos.
17
They are taking photos of
animals.
Please take a photo of my
child.
Would you like to take a photo
of me?
have
one
’
s photo taken
照相，
指给别人照相。
I had my
photo taken yesterday.
She often has
her photos taken.
take a
photo of
给??照相。
He is taking a photo of the Great Wall.
surprise
使惊奇
You surprise me.
adj.
surprised
常用于
be
surprised
at
?或
be
surprised
to
do
sth.
或
be
surprised
that
从句结构中。
We are surprised at the news.
=We
’
re surprised to hear the
news.
I am surprised that we lost the
game.
n.
惊异，惊奇常用于
in
surprise
或
to
one
’
s surprise
结构中。
He looks at
me in surprise.
To my surprise the door
is open.
Interesting ,interested
与
interest
Xinjiang is a very interesting place.
辨析
Interesting ,interested
与
interest
Interesting adj
有趣的，引起兴趣的，令人感兴趣的，多用来修饰物。如：
This is an interesting book for
children.
The news is very interesting.
Interested adj
感兴趣的，常用于
be interested in
这一结构中，主语是人
in
后可
是名词，代词，或动词的–
ing
形式。如
：
She is interested in
music.
Are you interested in history?
Jim is interested in diving.
Interest n.
名胜。如：
Mount Tai is a place of interest.
There are lots of places of great
interest in China.
兴趣：
Take
(an) interest in
对??有兴趣。如：
I no longer take interest in playing
basketball.
Show (an) interest in
对??表示有兴趣。如：
He
showed an interest in science when he was young.
Interest v.
使发生兴趣，引起??的注意。如：
The new way will certainly interest
you.
everyone
与
every one
But everyone is having a
good time.
18
everyone pron.
人人，每人，
（
=everybody
）
，
在做主语时，位于动词要用单数。
Is everyone
here?
辨析：
everyone
与
every one
eve
ryone
是不定代词，意为“人人，每人”
，用法相当于
everybody
，一般不能与
of
连
用，在句中做主语时谓语动词多用单数形式。
而
every one
指“每一
个人或物”
，它既可以指人又可以指物，常与介词
of
连用。
Everyone in our
class likes basketball.
Every one of us
is a student.
Every one of watches is
new.
Have a good
+
其它名词
Have a good
time
“玩得高兴；过得愉快”相当于
enjoy
oneself (oneself
要随主语
的变化而变化
)
。
They
are having a good time. =They are enjoying
themselves.
Tom has a good time every
day.
Have a good
+
其它名词
Have a good
trip
一路顺风！
Have a
good summer holiday
暑假愉快！
-I
’
ll go on
vacation to Hainan.
-Have a good trip.
Did you have a good summer holiday?
They have a good summer holiday this
year.
sound
sound
听起来，作系动词，后面接形容词做表语。
The music sounds beautiful. That sounds
terrible!
sound
n.
声音
I can hear
the sound of water.
辨析：
sound, noise
与
voice
sound
泛指一般能够听到的任何声音，
无论是人或动物发出的声音，
还是自然界发出的
声响，物体碰撞的声音，都可以叫做
< br>sound
。
I wait
for the sound of the other shoe.
noise<
/p>
指嘈杂、喧哗、吵闹等不悦耳、令人不愉快的声音。
Please don
’
t make
any noise, your father is sleeping.
voi
ce
主要指人的说话或唱歌的“声音”
，有时也指动物的叫声。
You have a good voice.
Unit 7 What does he look like?
tall
与
high
高的，既可以指人的身高，又可以表示物体的高大。
She is a tall girl.
There is
a tall tree.
He lives in a tall
building.
辨析：
tall
与
high
19
两者均有“高的”着意，
hig
h
指物体高或位置高，也可指空间位置或程度上的高，不用
于形
容人或动物的“高”
，其反意词是
low
。
high
还有引申意义，有“高度的”
“高级的”
“高等的”之意，这时不能用取代。
The mountain is 2000 meters high.
high prices high fever
ta
ll
一般强调细长形，
高度远超过宽度，
可指身体的高度，
一般用于人和动物，
形容人、
物、动物、等的“高”
，其反义词是
short.
Jim is a tall boy.
high
与
tall
都可指
tr
ee, building ,tower
等的高度，但是指
mountain
时，只能用
high.
What
does/do+
主语
+look like?
What does your friend look like ?
What
does/do+
主语
+look
like?
这个句型用来询问某人的外貌特征，意思是“??
看上
去什么样？”常用“主语
+ be
动词
+
描述人物外貌特征的形容词”或“主语
< br>+have/has+
名词（名词前可以有多个形容词修饰）
”两种方式回答。如：
—
What do they look like?
—
They are very tall. They
have short, straight hair.
look
like
意为“看起来像，看起来是??样子。
”此处的
like
是介词，
“像，像??一
样。
”
How do you like the book?
put on, wear
与
have on
wear vt
穿，戴，强调穿的状态。
He
always wears a white shirt.
辨析：
put on,
wear
与
have on
put
on
意为“穿上”
“戴上”
，强调动作，是终止性短语动词，不能跟表示一段时间的状
语连用。如：
He put on
his coat and went out.
My grandfather
put on her glasses to read the letter.
Wear
是“穿着”
“戴着”的
意思，强调状态
如：
He is wearing
blue trousers.
Have on
意为“穿着
”
“戴着”与
wear
同义，指穿着的
状态，其后可以接表示衣服、帽
子、鞋子的名词，类似的还有
be in
?如：
The
child had nothing on.
She had on a red
skirt and a white blouse.
what do you
like ?
与
what do you look like
?
同学们，你们看，与这两个句型多么相似呀，前者是咱们早就学过的一个句型，后者
则
是本单元的重点句型。
What
do you like?
意为：你喜欢什么？句中
like<
/p>
是动词，意“喜欢”其后可接名词，
代词，动名词或不定式，如：
-What do you like?
-I like apples.
-What sport
do you like best?
20
-I like swimming best.
-What
do you like for breakfast?
-I like to
have eggs (for breakfast).
What do you
look like?
意思是“你长的什么样？”句中的
lik
e
是介词，意为“像”
。
如：
-What do you look like?
-I
’
m short
.I
’
m thin.
-I
’
m medium build
and have long hair.
look like
意为“看上去??”
。如：
She looks like her sister.
-Who does she look like?
-She looks like her mother.
popular
popular adj.
通俗的，流行的，大众的，
popular songs
流行歌曲
popular
music
流行音乐
in
popular language
用通俗的话
popular adj
为大众喜爱的；走红的，有名望的；
The basketball captain, Yao
Ming’s
very popular.
Be popular with sb
Yao Ming
is popular with people.
a little bit ,a
little
与
a bit
在做状语时，三者可以通用，但
a little
bit
比后两者所表示的程度稍弱一点。
a little
与
a bit
在修饰名词做定语时，用法有所不同，
a little
后面可以直接跟不
可数名词，而
a
bit
则不能，需先加
of
再跟不可
数名词。
Today is a little/ a
bit / a little bit cold.
There is a
little / a bit of water in the glass.
stop doing /stop to do
Stop
v
停止，常用于
stop doing
与
stop to
do
结构中。
Stop
doing sth
停止做某事
Stop talking, please.
Stop
to do sth .
停下来做某事，其含义是停下手中正在做的事情，开始做另一件
事。
Please stop to talk about
the picture.
person,
man
与
people
people
泛指人们，
表示许多
人时，
谓语动词用复数形式，
说
“人们
”
时，
不用
persons.
There are many people there.
people
之前加定冠词，常用来指“人民”
。
We study hard for the people.
A people
指一个民族，
peoples
可译为各个民族。
China
has many peoples.
person
是无性别
之分，可指男人，也可指女人。它还用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精
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