-
2020
年春人教新目标英语八年级下册
Unit1
What's the
matter?
一
常用短语及重点句型。
（一）常用短语：
1. have
a fever / cough / cold
发烧
/
咳嗽
/
受凉；感冒
2. have a toothache / stomachache
牙疼
/
胃疼
3. have a sore back / throat
背疼
/
喉咙痛
4. talk too much
说得太多
5. drink
enough water
喝足够的水
6. take risks (take a risk)
冒险
7. in a
difficult situation
在困境中
8. give up
放弃
9. make a decision
做出决定
10. lie down
and rest
躺下来休息
11. hot tea with honey
加蜂蜜的热茶
12. see a
dentist
看牙医
13.
get an X-ray
拍
X
光片
14. take one’s
temperature
量体温
15. put some medicine on sth.
在……上面敷药
16. feel
very hot
感到很热
17.
sound like
听起来像
18. all weekend
整个周末
19. in the
same way
以同样的方式
20. go to a doctor
看医生
21. go along
沿着……走
22. on the
side of the road
在马路边
23. shout for help
大声呼救
24. without
thinking twice
没有多想
25. get off
下车
26. have a heart problem
有心脏病
27. to one’
s surprise
使……惊讶的；出乎……意料
28. thanks to
多亏了；由于
29. in
time
及时
30. save
a life
挽救生命
31.
get into trouble
造成麻烦（或烦恼）
32. right away
立刻；马上
33. because
of
由于
34. get out
of
离开；从……出来
35.
hurt oneself
受伤
36. put a bandage on sth.
用绷带包扎
37. fall
down
摔倒
38. feel
sick
感到恶心
39.
have a nosebleed
流鼻血
40. cut his knee
割伤他的膝盖
41. put
her head back
把她的头向后仰
42. have problems breathing
呼吸困难
43. mountain
climbing
登山运动
44.
be used to doing sth.
习惯做某事
45. run out (of)
用完；耗尽
46. so that
以便
47. so
… that
如此……以至于……
48. be in control of
掌管；管理
49. keep on
doing sth.
继续或坚持做某事
(
< br>中间无间隔）
keep
（
sb
）
doing sth
（让某人）持续做某事（中间无间
隔）
50 get hit/sunburned
被打击
/
晒伤
51 see sb. doing
sth.
看见某人正在做某事
52
see sb do sth
看见某人做了某事。
53 ask sb.
sth.
询问某人某事
54
expect sb. to do
sth.
期待／期望某人做某事
55
agree to do sth.
同意做某事
56 have problems (in) doing
sth.
做某事有困难
57
be/get used to doing
sth.
习惯于做某事
58
used to do sth
过去常常做某事
59 use sth. to do
sth
用某物做某事
60 seem
to do sth.
好像做某事
（二）重要句型
1. What’
s the matter?
怎么了？
What’ s the
matter with you?
= What’s
the troubl
e with you?
=
What’ s wrong with you?
你怎么了？
2. What
should she do?
她该怎么办呢？
Should I take my temperature?
我该量一下体温吗？
3. Do
you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?
你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？
4.
I think I sat in the same way for too long without
moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。
5. She said that the man had a heart
problem and should go to the hospital.
她说男人有心脏病，应该去医院。
二
重点语法：
（一）
询问健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达。
1.
What’s the
matter?
用于询问某人患了
何种疾病，
遇到了什么困难、
烦恼或周边出了什么状况等，
也可用于询问
某物出了什么故障，其后可接
with sb. /sth.
，表示“某人
/
某物怎么了？”。
常用以下几种结构来表达：
What's the matter with sb./sth.?
What
’
s wrong
(with sb.)?
（某人）怎么了？
What
’
s the
trouble ( with sb. )
?/What
’
s
one
’
s trouble?
（某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb. ) ?
（某人）发生什么事了？
Are
you OK?
你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong
(with sb.)?
（某人）有什么事吗？
matter
麻烦事、原因、毛病
What's the matter?
problem
难题、待解决问题
I can work out the math problem.
question
提出的问题
Can I ask you some
questions?
2. I have a cold.
“患
(
病<
/p>
)
；遭受
(
病痛
）”
,
不能用于进往时态
(1)have a/ an +
疾病名称
have a fever
have a headache
have a cough
have a cold=get
a cold =catch a cold =have got a cold
c
old
前可有表示感冒轻重程度的形容词
little
、
bad
、
heavy
等修饰
(2)sore adj.
疼痛的，作定语或表语。
My leg is still
very sore.
sore+ back/
throat/leg/arm
I have a sore back.
back:
①名词，“背；背面；后面”。②作副词，意为“
回（原处）”，
come
back
。
(3)ache v./
n.
疼痛
tooth/ ear/ stomach/...+ache
have a headache
have an earache
Mum had a
headache yesterday.
Mum's head
ached yesterday.
要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
(1)
某人
+ have/has +
病症．
The twins have
colds.
这对双胞胎感冒了。
(2)
某人
+ have/has
a(n)+
身体部位
-ache(
headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache).
She had a stomachache last
night
．
她昨晚胃痛。
(3)
某人
+ have/has a sore +
身体部位
.
He has a sore throat.
他喉咙痛。
(4)
某人
+ hurt( s) +
身体部位或反身代词
.
He hurt his leg.
他的腿受伤了。
(5)
身体部位
+ hurt (s).
My head hurts badly.
我头痛得厉害。
(6)
某人
+ have/has a pain in
one
’
s +
身体部位。
I have a pain in my
chest.
我胸口痛。
(7)
( There is)
Something wrong with one
’
s +
身体部位
.
There is something wrong
with my right eye.
I
(8)
其他表达方式
She has a
heart problem.
她有心脏病。
He got hit
on the head.
他头部受到了撞击。
She cut
her finger.
她割破手指了
（二）
情态动词
should
用法
1 shou
ld,
意为“应该，
.
应当”，其后接
动词原形，无人称和数的变化，否定形式为
should not,
可以缩写为
shouldn
’
t.
一般疑问句将
should
提前。
You should drink
lots of water.---Should I drink lots of water?
肯定：
Yes, you
should.
否定：
No, you
shouldn
’
t.
或是
No, you
needn
’
t.
具体用法：
（
1
）
表示提出意见或建议。
You
should drink lots of water.
（
2
）
表示义务，责任。
We
should study hard.
（
3
）
表示命令，责备或要求，语气比较强列。
You shouldn
’
t be
so careless.
（
4
）
表示推测和可能性。
He
should be a teacher.
他应该是一位老师。
（
5
）
Should
用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。
Should I put some
medicine on it?
我应当给它敷上药吗？
Should we tell her about
it?
我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
三
知识点：
3.
She talked too much
yesterday and didn’t drink enough
water.
(1)too much
太多
a.
修饰不可数名词
There is too much milk here.
b.
用作副词，放动词后
I
ate too much last night.
(2
)
巧记
enough
在句中位置：修饰
名词很自由，可以置前也可后；若是修饰形或副，一定后置要记住。
I have enough
time
（
time
enough
）
to finish the work.
It’s warm enough in the
room.
(3)enough
后常
接“
(for+
名词
/
代词
+)to do
sth
．”结构，意为“足够……，能做某事”。
The
box is light enough for the boy to carry.
4. lie down and rest
①
lie
(lay ,lain,
lying)
不及物动词，意为“躺；躺下”。
lie
down
意为“躺下”。
He found a dog
lying at the door.
②
lie
(lay
，
lain
，
lying)
不及物动词，
意为“位于；存在；处于”。
Qingdao lies in the east of Shandong.
③
lie
(lied
，
lied
，
lying)
不及物动词，意为“撒谎；说谎”。
l
ie to sb.
意为“对某人撒谎”。
You are
lying to me.
④
lie
可数名词，意为“谎言；假话”。
tell a lie/tell
lies
意为“说谎”。
I know he told
a lie just now.
⑤
lay (laid
，，
laid
，
laying)
作动词，意为“产（卵）；下蛋；放置；安放”。
The hen stopped
laying eggs.
5. drink some hot tea with
honey
with
“具有；带有”，表示事物所具有的性质
、特征；
China is a country with a
long history.
without
介词
,
意为
“
没有
”
Fish can’t live without
water.
①
with
意为“和……在一起”。
Mr. Black is talking with a
friend.
②
with
意为“使
用”。
She
cut the apple with a knife.
③
with
意为“关于，对于”。
What
’
s the matter
with him?
④
with
表示
行为方式。
She
likes to sleep with the light on.
6.
You need to take breaks away from the computer.
(1)need
用法
:
①
need
做实义动词译为
“
需要
”
need sth.
I need a book.
need (sb.) to do sth.
(
人作主语表主动
)
需要某人做某事
I need you to help
me.
I need to read a book.
need doing
sth.(
物作主语表被动
)=sth. need to
be done
译为某事需要被做
My hair needs cutting.
The book needs reading.
②
need
还可以做情态动词。译为
“
必须、需要
”
，其后
接动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句及
must
引导的一般
疑问句的否定回答。
(2)break
v.
打破，破坏
break the
window
n.
休息，间休
(=rest)
have a (break=rest)
take a break =take breaks
(3)away from
离开、远离
They went to a warm place away from
home.